scholarly journals Protocol for a prospective multicenter cross-sectional observational study to investigate the role of air pollution on allergic rhinitis prevalence

Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. e19497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmin Liu ◽  
Yongkuan Wang ◽  
Sisi Liu ◽  
Shuwei Cao ◽  
Chunyan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Role of inflammation in non-allergic rhinitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
E. de Corso ◽  
M. Battista ◽  
M. Pandolfini ◽  
L. Liberati ◽  
S. Baroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nasal Cytology ◽  
Non Allergic Rhinitis

Objective: To investigate the role of inflammation in non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) patients in a large series to establish the prevalence of different NAR-subtypes, clinical features and the role of nasal cytology in the diagnostic algorithm. Methodology: Patients were selected out of 3650 individuals who spontaneously presented at our institution. We consecutively enrolled 519 NAR-patients in an analytical cross-sectional study between November 2007 and June 2013 (level of evidence: 3b). All patients underwent rhinological evaluation including symptoms questionnaire, endoscopy, CT scan, allergy tests and nasal cytology. Results: The inflammatory cell infiltrate affects the severity of symptoms differently, allowing for identification of different phenotypes of NAR. We distinguished two groups: “NAR without inflammation”(NAR-) and “NAR with inflammation”(NAR+), in addition to different NAR-subtypes with inflammation. A significant difference was observed in terms of clinical symptoms and association with comorbidities (previously diagnosed asthma and aspirin intolerance) between NAR–, NAR+ and between different NAR+ subtypes. Conclusion: Our data suggest that NAR- and NAR with neutrophils behave similarly, showing lower symptom score values and a lower risk of association with comorbidities compared to NAR with eosinophils and mast cells (singularly or mixed). In our belief it is very important to establish the presence and type of inflammation in non-allergic rhinitis patients and nasal cytology is a very useful test in correct differential diagnosis.

scholarly journals Preoperative Gastric Residual Volumes in Fasted Patients Measured by Bedside Ultrasound: A Prospective Observational Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 608-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ohashi ◽  
J. C. Walker ◽  
F. Zhang ◽  
F. E. Prindiville ◽  
J. P. Hanrahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Gastric Residual Volume ◽  
Patient Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multivariable Analyses

The purpose of this prospective observational study was to measure gastric volumes in fasted patients using bedside gastric ultrasound. Patients presenting for non-emergency surgery underwent a gastric antrum assessment, using the two-diameter and free-trace methods to determine antral cross-sectional area. Gastric residual volume (GRV) was calculated using a validated formula. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to examine any potential relationships between ‘at risk’ GRVs (>100 ml) and patient factors. Two hundred and twenty-two successful scans were performed; of these 110 patients (49.5%) had an empty stomach, nine patients (4.1%) had a GRV >100 ml, and a further six patients (2.7%) had a GRV >1.5 ml/kg. There was no significant relationship between ‘at risk’ GRV and obesity, diabetes mellitus, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease or opioid use, although our study had insufficient power to exclude an influence of one or more of these factors. Our results indicate that despite compliance with fasting guidelines, a small percentage of patients still have GRVs that pose a pulmonary aspiration risk. Anaesthetists should consider this background incidence when choosing anaesthesia techniques for their patients. While future observational studies are required to determine the role of preoperative bedside gastric ultrasound, it is possible that this technique may assist anaesthetists in identifying patients with ‘at risk’ GRVs.

scholarly journals The Role of Socioeconomic Status in the Association of Lung Function and Air Pollution—A Pooled Analysis of Three Adult ESCAPE Cohorts

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1901
Author(s):  
Dirk Keidel ◽  
Josep Maria Anto ◽  
Xavier Basagaña ◽  
Roberto Bono ◽  
Emilie Burte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Health Effects

Ambient air pollution is a leading environmental risk factor and its broad spectrum of adverse health effects includes a decrease in lung function. Socioeconomic status (SES) is known to be associated with both air pollution exposure and respiratory function. This study assesses the role of SES either as confounder or effect modifier of the association between ambient air pollution and lung function. Cross-sectional data from three European multicenter adult cohorts were pooled to assess factors associated with lung function, including annual means of home outdoor NO2. Pre-bronchodilator lung function was measured according to the ATS-criteria. Multiple mixed linear models with random intercepts for study areas were used. Three different factors (education, occupation and neighborhood unemployment rate) were considered to represent SES. NO2 exposure was negatively associated with lung function. Occupation and neighborhood unemployment rates were not associated with lung function. However, the inclusion of the SES-variable education improved the models and the air pollution-lung function associations got slightly stronger. NO2 associations with lung function were not substantially modified by SES-variables. In this multicenter European study we could show that SES plays a role as a confounder in the association of ambient NO2 exposure with lung function.

scholarly journals Near-Road Exposure to Air Pollution and Allergic Rhinitis: A Cross-Sectional Study among Vendors in Dakar, Senegal

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 106-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatou K. Sylla ◽  
Adama Faye ◽  
Mamadou Fall ◽  
Masse Lo ◽  
Aminata Diokhané ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Relationship between Intraocular Pressure and Anterior Lamina Cribrosa Depth: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study in a Healthy Portuguese Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cordeiro Sousa ◽  
Inês Leal ◽  
Carlos Marques-Neves ◽  
Filomena Pinto ◽  
Luís Abegão Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Lamina Cribrosa ◽  
Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽  
Multivariate Regression Model ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Depth Imaging ◽  
Functional Dynamics

Purpose To investigate the association between anterior lamina cribrosa depth (ALCD), determined with enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT), and intraocular pressure (IOP) in a healthy Portuguese population. Methods In this cross-sectional observational study conducted between January and July 2015, 2 optic nerve head (ONH)–centered EDI-OCT cross-scans were performed and ALCD was defined as the perpendicular distance between the line connecting both edges of Bruch's membrane opening and the anterior border of the lamina cribrosa at the maximum depth point. A multivariate regression model was performed to assess the association of IOP and ALCD. Results The studied population included 59 subjects (35 women) with a mean age of 61.7 ± 15.1 years. Mean vertical and horizontal maximum ALCD was 444.5 ± 92.2 μm and 427.6 ± 82.7 μm, respectively. When controlling for age and spherical equivalent, maximum vertical and horizontal ALCD were positively correlated with intraocular pressure (R2>0.20) by 8.58 μm (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.80-14.36 μm; p<0.01) and 8.25 μm (95% CI 2.71-13.78 μm; p<0.01) per mm Hg of IOP, respectively. Conclusions Our sample of healthy subjects presented a statistically significant positive correlation between IOP and ALCD when controlling for possible confounding factors. These results may trigger further studies to better elucidate the role of IOP in the morphologic and functional dynamics of the ONH.

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