Apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A-I, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises individual components including central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension and it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The menopause per se increases the incidence of MetS in aging women. The effect(s) of menopause on individual components of MetS include: i) increasing central obesity with changes in the fat tissue distribution, ii) potential increase in insulin resistance, iii) changes in serum lipid concentrations, which seem to be associated with increasing weight rather than menopause itself, and, iv) an association between menopause and hypertension, although available data are inconclusive. With regard to the consequences of MetS during menopause, there is no consistent data supporting a causal relationship between menopause and CVD. However, concomitant MetS during menopause appears to increase the risk of CVD. Furthermore, despite the data supporting the association between early menopause and increased risk of T2DM, the association between natural menopause itself and risk of T2DM is not evident. However, the presence and the severity of MetS appears to be associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Although the mechanism is not clear, surgical menopause is strongly linked with a higher incidence of MetS. Interestingly, women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of MetS during their reproductive years; however, with menopausal transition, the risk of MetS becomes similar to that of non-PCOS women.

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C-Peptide and its Correlation to Parameters of Insulin Resistance in the Metabolic Syndrome

CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/187152711799219271 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 921-927 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Shaheena Banu ◽

Nasimudeen R. Jabir ◽

C. N. Manjunath ◽

Shazi Shakil ◽

Mohammad A. Kamal

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

C Peptide ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

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The Association between Apolipoprotein A-II and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults: A Comparison Study of Apolipoprotein A-I and Apolipoprotein B

Diabetes & Metabolism Journal ◽

10.4093/dmj.2012.36.1.56 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 56 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dong Won Yi ◽

Dong Wook Jeong ◽

Sang Yeoup Lee ◽

Seok Man Son ◽

Yang Ho Kang

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Apolipoprotein B ◽

Comparison Study ◽

Korean Adults ◽

Apolipoprotein A

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Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome among Polish Nurses

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11050267 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 267

Author(s):

Anna Bartosiewicz ◽

Edyta Łuszczki ◽

Małgorzata Nagórska ◽

Łukasz Oleksy ◽

Artur Stolarczyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Weight Control ◽

Professional Group ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

World Health ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

Obesity Class ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

The World

The metabolic syndrome, also known as syndrome X or the insulin resistance, is defined by the World Health Organization as a pathologic condition characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Both all over the world and in Poland, there is a shortage of nurses; most of those employed are in the pre-retirement age. However, the requirements in this profession and the patient’s right to care at the highest level remain unchanged and do not take into account the poor condition or age of working nurses, so special attention should be paid to the state of health in this professional group. There is an emphasis on the importance of the adopted attitude toward health and the resulting behaviors, such as regular weight control, following dietary recommendations, regular physical activity and participation in preventive examinations. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome, its individual components and determining the factors influencing its development in Polish nurses. The research conducted among the nurses in question included DXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) measurements, assessment of glucose concentration, lipid profile, blood pressure and a questionnaire survey. Almost half of the surveyed nurses have metabolic syndrome, which significantly increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases or diabetes. After multivariate analysis, it was found that being overweight and obesity were significant factors influenced the MS (metabolic syndrome) occurrence among Polish nurses. Being overweight increases the chances of MS occurrence 8.58 times in relation to BMI (Body Mass Index) <25, obesity increases the chances of MS occurrence 8.085 times in relation to BMI <25, and obesity class II/III increases the chances of MS occurrence 16.505 times in relation to BMI <25. Preventive and supportive measures for this professional group are needed.

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Emerging roles of C1Q tumor necrosis factor-related proteins in metabolic diseases

Translational Medicine Communications ◽

10.1186/s41231-021-00083-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Manjunath Ramanjaneya ◽

Jayakumar Jerobin ◽

Ilham Bettahi ◽

Kodappully Sivaraman Siveen ◽

Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Pharmacological Intervention ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Related Proteins ◽

Necrosis Factor

AbstractObesity and insulin resistance are key elements of the metabolic syndrome, which includes type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia, systemic inflammation, hypertension, elevated risk for cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). C1Q Tumor necrosis factor-related proteins (CTRPs) have recently emerged as important regulators of metabolism as a core component in the interrelationship between insulin resistance, adiposity and inflammation. To date 15 CTRP members have been identified and most of the CTRPs are dysregulated in obesity, T2D, coronary artery disease and NAFLD. Pharmacological intervention and lifestyle modification alter expression of CTRPs in circulation and in metabolically active tissues. CTRPs enhance metabolism mainly through activation of AMPK/AKT dependent pathways and possess insulin sensitizing properties. Thus dysregulated expression of CTRPs in metabolic disorders could contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. For these reasons CTRPs appear to be promising targets for early detection, prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders. This review article aims at exploring the role of CTRPs in metabolic syndrome.

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