mcr-mediated colistin resistance in South America, a One Health approach

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Alexandra Daza-Cardona ◽  
Jhon Buenhombre ◽  
Raquel Oliveira dos Santos Fontenelle ◽  
Francisco Cesar Barroso Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
One Health ◽  
Colistin Resistance

scholarly journals New World screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) myiasis in feral swine of Uruguay: One Health and transboundary disease implications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Altuna ◽  
Paul V. Hickner ◽  
Gustavo Castro ◽  
Santiago Mirazo ◽  
Adalberto A. Pérez de León ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
New World ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cochliomyia Hominivorax ◽  
Feral Swine ◽  
Endemic Areas

Abstract BackgroundFeral swine (Sus scrofa) are highly invasive and threaten animal and public health in the Americas. New World screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) is listed by the World Organization for Animal Health as a notifiable infestation because myasis cases affect livestock, wildlife, and humans in endemic areas, and outbreaks can be of high socioeconomic consequence in regions where screwworm was eradicated. However, a knowledge gap exists on screwworm infestation of feral swine in South America where C. hominivorax is endemic. Here, we report infestation with C. hominivorax in feral swine harvested in the Department of Artigas where the Republic of Uruguay shares borders with Brazil and Argentina. MethodsMyiasis caused by the larvae of C. hominivorax were identified in feral swine with the support and collaboration of a local feral swine hunting club over a three-year period in the Artigas Department of Uruguay. Harvested feral swine were examined for the presence of lesions where maggots causing the myiasis could be sampled and processed for taxonomic identification. The sites of myiasis on the body of infested feral swine and geospatial data for each case were recorded. Feral swine sex and relative size were registered along with ambient temperature and precipitation.ResultsMyiases caused by screwworms were recorded in 27 of 618 feral swine harvested. Cases detected in males over 40 kg were associated with wounds that, because of their location, were likely caused by aggressive dominance behavior between adult males. The overall prevalence of screwworm infestation in feral swine was associated with ambient temperature, but not precipitation. Case numbers peaked in the warmer spring and summer months. ConclusionThis is the first report for South America of myasis caused by C. hominivorax in feral swine. In contrast to myasis in cattle that can reach deep into host tissues, screwworms in feral swine tended to cause superficial infestation. Feral swine present challenges to control screwworms in endemic areas. Screwworm populations maintained by feral swine may contribute to human cases in rural areas of Uruguay, which highlights the One Health importance of this invasive species-ectoparasite interaction.

scholarly journals First Global Report of Plasmid-Mediated mcr-1 and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli from Sheep in Portugal

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1403
Author(s):  
Josman Dantas Palmeira ◽  
Marisa Haenni ◽  
Jean-Yves Madec ◽  
Helena Maria Neto Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Resistances to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) and colistin are One Health issues since genes encoding these resistances can be transmitted between all sectors of the One Health concept, i.e., human, animal, and the environment. Among food-producing animals, sheep farming has long been overlooked. To fill in this knowledge gap, we looked for ESC- and colistin resistance in 21 faecal samples collected from sheep in one farm in the south of Portugal. ESC-resistant isolates were selected on MacConkey agar plates supplemented with cefotaxime. Susceptibility testing was performed by the disk-diffusion method according to CLSI, while colistin MIC was determined by broth microdilution. ESC- and colistin-resistance genes were identified by PCR, and the clonality of all isolates was assessed by XbaI-PFGE. The replicon content was determined by PCR according to the PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) scheme. Sixty-two non-duplicate ESC-resistant E. coli isolates were identified, which all presented an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype, mostly due to the presence of CTX-M genes. One CTX-M-1-producing E. coli was concomitantly colistin-resistant and presented the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene. Nearly all isolates showed associated resistances to non-beta-lactam antibiotics, which could act as co-selectors, even in the absence of beta-lactam use. The results showed a high proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli in sheep faeces. Their dissemination was very dynamic, with the spread of successful clones between animals, but also a large diversity of clones and plasmids, sometimes residing in the same animal. This study highlights the need for global surveillance in all food-producing sectors, in order to avoid the dissemination of genes conferring resistance to last-resort antibiotics in human medicine.

scholarly journals Klebsiella pneumoniae Complex Harboring mcr-1, mcr-7, and mcr-8 Isolates from Slaughtered Pigs in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2436
Author(s):  
Nattamol Phetburom ◽  
Parichart Boueroy ◽  
Peechanika Chopjitt ◽  
Rujirat Hatrongjit ◽  
Yukihiro Akeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
One Health ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Monitoring And Surveillance ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

Dissemination of the mobile colistin resistance gene mcr in Enterobacterales among humans, animals, and the environment is a public health issue. We characterized mcr genes in the Klebsiella pneumoniae complex (KpnC) isolated from slaughtered pigs in Thailand. The 280 KpnCs consisted of K. pneumoniae (85%), Klebsiella quasipneumoniae (8.21%), and Klebsiella variicola (6.79%). mcr genes were detected in 6.79% (19/280) of KpnC isolates, consisting of mcr-8 (n = 9; 3.21%), mcr-7 (n = 7; 2.50%), mcr-7 + mcr-8 (n = 2; 0.71%), and mcr-1 + mcr-7 (n = 1; 0.36%). K. pneumoniae predominantly carried the mcr-7 and mcr-8 genes, while K. variicola and K. quasipneumoniae harbored mcr-7 and mcr-8, respectively. Six of the nineteen mcr-harboring KpnC isolates exhibited colistin resistance, and five had mcr-1 or mcr-8 transferable to an Escherichia coli recipient. Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis revealed that all mcr-carrying KpnC isolates were susceptible to carbapenems, cefotaxime, cefepime, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam, amikacin, and fosfomycin, and had high resistance to azithromycin. Multilocus sequence analysis demonstrated that the mcr-harboring KpnC isolates were genetically diverse. A ‘One-Health’ approach is useful to combat antimicrobial-resistant bacteria through coordinating the human, animal, and environmental sectors. Hence, continuous monitoring and surveillance of mcr-carrying KpnCs throughout the pork supply chain is crucial for ensuring public health.

scholarly journals New World screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) myiasis in feral swine of Uruguay: One Health and transboundary disease implications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Altuna ◽  
Paul V. Hickner ◽  
Gustavo Castro ◽  
Santiago Mirazo ◽  
Adalberto A. Pérez de León ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cochliomyia Hominivorax ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Feral Swine ◽  
Endemic Areas

Abstract Background: Feral swine (Sus scrofa) are highly invasive and threaten animal and public health in the Americas. Screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) is listed by the World Organization for Animal Health as a notifiable infestation because myasis cases affect livestock, wildlife, and humans in endemic areas, and outbreaks can be of high socioeconomic consequence in regions where screwworm was eradicated. However, a knowledge gap exists on screwworm infestation of feral swine in South America, where screwworm is endemic. Here, we report infestation with screwworm in feral swine harvested in the Department of Artigas, where the Republic of Uruguay shares borders with Brazil and Argentina. Methods: Myiasis caused by the larvae of screwworm were identified in feral swine with the support and collaboration of a local feral swine hunting club over a three-year period in the Artigas Department of Uruguay. Harvested feral swine were examined for the presence of lesions where maggots causing the myiasis could be sampled and processed for taxonomic identification. The sites of myiasis on the body of infested feral swine and geospatial data for each case were recorded. Feral swine sex and relative size were recorded. Temperature and precipitation for the region were obtained from public sources.Results: Myiases caused by screwworms were recorded in 27 of 618 feral swine harvested. Cases detected in males over 40 kg were associated with wounds that, because of their location, were likely caused by aggressive dominance behavior between adult males. The overall prevalence of screwworm infestation in feral swine was associated with ambient temperature, but not precipitation. Case numbers peaked in the warmer spring and summer months. Conclusions: This is the first report for South America of myasis caused by screwworm in feral swine. In contrast to myasis in cattle that can reach deep into host tissues, screwworms in feral swine tended to cause superficial infestation. The presence of feral swine is a challenge to control screwworms in endemic areas. Screwworm populations maintained by feral swine may contribute to human cases in rural areas of Uruguay, which highlights the One Health importance of this invasive host species-ectoparasite interaction.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic resistance to colistin in E. coli isolated from wild boar (Sus scrofa) hunted in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cilia ◽  
Barbara Turchi ◽  
Filippo Fratini ◽  
Valentina Virginia Ebani ◽  
Luca Turini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
One Health ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
The One ◽  
Reported Data

AbstractThe One Health approach is not only focused on diseases and zoonosis control but also on antimicrobial resistance. As concern this important issue, the problem of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance recently emerged. Few studies reported data about colistin resistance and mcr genes in bacteria from wildlife. In this manuscript, 168 Escherichia coli isolated from hunted wild boar were tested; colistin resistance was evaluated by MIC microdilution method, and the presence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes was evaluated by PCR. Overall, 27.9% of isolates resulted resistant to colistin, and most of them showed a MIC value > 256 μg/mL. A percentage of 44.6% of tested E. coli scored positive for one or both genes. In details, 13.6% of isolated harbored mcr-1 and mcr-2 in combination; most of them exhibiting the highest MIC values. Interestingly, 19.6% of mcr-positive E. coli resulted phenotypically susceptible to colistin. Wild boar could be considered a potential reservoir of colistin-resistant bacteria. In the light of the possible contacts with domestic animals and humans, this wild species could play an important role in the diffusion of colistin resistance. Thus, the monitoring programs on wildlife should include this aspect.

scholarly journals Community-Acquired Antimicrobial Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Central America: A One Health Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7622
Author(s):  
Lauren O’Neal ◽  
Danilo Alvarez ◽  
Renata Mendizábal-Cabrera ◽  
Brooke M. Ramay ◽  
Jay Graham
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Central America ◽  
One Health ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Cephalosporin Resistance

Community-acquired antimicrobial resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CA-ARE) are an increasingly important issue around the world. Characterizing the distribution of regionally specific patterns of resistance is important to contextualize and develop locally relevant interventions. This systematic review adopts a One Health framework considering the health of humans, animals, and the environment to describe CA-ARE in Central America. Twenty studies were identified that focused on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Enterobacteriaceae. Studies on CA-ARE in Central America characterized resistance from diverse sources, including humans (n = 12), animals (n = 4), the environment (n = 2), and combinations of these categories (n = 2). A limited number of studies assessed prevalence of clinically important AMR, including carbapenem resistance (n = 3), third generation cephalosporin resistance (n = 7), colistin resistance (n = 2), extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production (n = 4), or multidrug resistance (n = 4). This review highlights significant gaps in our current understanding of CA-ARE in Central America, most notably a general dearth of research, which requires increased investment and research on CA-ARE as well as AMR more broadly.

scholarly journals Silent dissemination of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in South America could contribute to the global spread of the mcr-1 gene

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam R Fernandes ◽  
Quezia Moura ◽  
Luciana Sartori ◽  
Ketrin C Silva ◽  
Marcos PV Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
South America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Latin American Countries

During a Brazilian multicentric antimicrobial resistance surveillance study, colistin resistance was investigated in 4,620 Enterobacteriaceae isolated from human, animal, food and environmental samples collected from 2000 to 2016. We present evidence that mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli has been emerging in South America since at least 2012, supporting a previous report on the possible acquisition of mcr-1-harbouring E. coli by European travellers visiting Latin American countries.

scholarly journals New World screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) myiasis in feral swine of Uruguay: One Health and transboundary disease implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Altuna ◽  
Paul V. Hickner ◽  
Gustavo Castro ◽  
Santiago Mirazo ◽  
Adalberto A. Pérez de León ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cochliomyia Hominivorax ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Feral Swine ◽  
Endemic Areas

Abstract Background Feral swine (Sus scrofa) are highly invasive and threaten animal and human health in the Americas. The screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) is listed by the World Organization for Animal Health as a notifiable infestation because myiasis cases affect livestock, wildlife, and humans in endemic areas, and outbreaks can have major socioeconomic consequences in regions where the screwworm has been eradicated. However, a knowledge gap exists on screwworm infestation of feral swine in South America, where the screwworm is endemic. Here, we report screwworm infestation of feral swine harvested in Artigas Department (Uruguay), where the Republic of Uruguay shares borders with Brazil and Argentina. Methods Myiasis caused by the larvae of screwworm were identified in feral swine with the support and collaboration of members of a local feral swine hunting club over a 3-year period in the Department of Artigas. Harvested feral swine were examined for the presence of lesions where maggots causing the myiasis could be sampled and processed for taxonomic identification. The sites of myiasis on the body of infested feral swine and geospatial data for each case were recorded. The sex and relative size of each feral swine were also recorded. Temperature and precipitation profiles for the region were obtained from public sources. Results Myiases caused by screwworms were recorded in 27 of 618 the feral swine harvested. Cases detected in males weighing > 40 kg were associated with wounds that, due to their location, were likely caused by aggressive dominance behavior between adult males. The overall prevalence of screwworm infestation in the harvested feral swine was associated with ambient temperature, but not precipitation. Case numbers peaked in the warmer spring and summer months. Conclusions This is the first report on myiasis in feral swine caused by screwworm in South America. In contrast to myiasis in cattle, which can reach deep into host tissues, screwworms in feral swine tended to cause superficial infestation. The presence of feral swine in screwworm endemic areas represents a challenge to screwworm management in those areas. Screwworm populations maintained by feral swine may contribute to human cases in rural areas of Uruguay, which highlights the importance of the One Health approach to the study of this invasive host species–ectoparasite interaction.

Colistin resistance in China: from outer membrane to One Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1106-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Perez ◽  
Robert A Bonomo
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
One Health ◽  
Colistin Resistance
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