scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic resistance to colistin in E. coli isolated from wild boar (Sus scrofa) hunted in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cilia ◽  
Barbara Turchi ◽  
Filippo Fratini ◽  
Valentina Virginia Ebani ◽  
Luca Turini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
One Health ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
The One ◽  
Reported Data

AbstractThe One Health approach is not only focused on diseases and zoonosis control but also on antimicrobial resistance. As concern this important issue, the problem of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance recently emerged. Few studies reported data about colistin resistance and mcr genes in bacteria from wildlife. In this manuscript, 168 Escherichia coli isolated from hunted wild boar were tested; colistin resistance was evaluated by MIC microdilution method, and the presence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes was evaluated by PCR. Overall, 27.9% of isolates resulted resistant to colistin, and most of them showed a MIC value > 256 μg/mL. A percentage of 44.6% of tested E. coli scored positive for one or both genes. In details, 13.6% of isolated harbored mcr-1 and mcr-2 in combination; most of them exhibiting the highest MIC values. Interestingly, 19.6% of mcr-positive E. coli resulted phenotypically susceptible to colistin. Wild boar could be considered a potential reservoir of colistin-resistant bacteria. In the light of the possible contacts with domestic animals and humans, this wild species could play an important role in the diffusion of colistin resistance. Thus, the monitoring programs on wildlife should include this aspect.

scholarly journals Aquatic environments in the One Health context: modulating the antimicrobial resistance phenomenon

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Alves Resende ◽  
Vânia Lúcia da Silva ◽  
Claudio Galuppo Diniz
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
One Health ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
The One

Abstract: From an anthropocentric perspective, aquatic environments are important to maintain health and survival, however, as they are sometimes managed based on misconception, they are considered a convergent pathway for anthropogenic residues and sanitation. Thus, it is observed that these ecosystems have been threatened by chemical pollution due to xenobiotics, especially from a more contemporary approach, by the selective pressure associated with antimicrobials. There are several studies that report the enrichment of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and mobilizable antimicrobial resistance genes in aquatic and adjacent ecosystems. From the perspective of the emerging and reemerging number of diseases related to the interplay of human, animal, and environmental factors, a new conception arose to address these issues holistically, which is known as the One Health approach. Scientific and political discourse on this conception should lead to effective action plans for preventing and controlling the spread of infectious diseases in open environment, including those impacted by anthropogenic activities. Therefore, nowadays, discussions on antimicrobial resistance are becoming broader and are requiring a multi-disciplinary view to address health and environmental challenges, which includes aquatic environment management. Water may represent one of the most important ecosystems for the in antimicrobial resistance phenomenon that arises when a dynamic and singular microbial community may be influenced by several characteristics. As antimicrobial substances do not all degrade at the same time under the same treatment, strategies concerning their removal from the environment should consider their individualized chemical characteristics.

scholarly journals Human, animal and environmental contributors to antibiotic resistance in low-resource settings: integrating behavioural, epidemiological and One Health approaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1876) ◽  
pp. 20180332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily K. Rousham ◽  
Leanne Unicomb ◽  
Mohammad Aminul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
One Health ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
The One

Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is recognized as a One Health challenge because of the rapid emergence and dissemination of resistant bacteria and genes among humans, animals and the environment on a global scale. However, there is a paucity of research assessing ABR contemporaneously in humans, animals and the environment in low-resource settings. This critical review seeks to identify the extent of One Health research on ABR in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Existing research has highlighted hotspots for environmental contamination; food-animal production systems that are likely to harbour reservoirs or promote transmission of ABR as well as high and increasing human rates of colonization with ABR commensal bacteria such as Escherichia coli . However, very few studies have integrated all three components of the One Health spectrum to understand the dynamics of transmission and the prevalence of community-acquired resistance in humans and animals. Microbiological, epidemiological and social science research is needed at community and population levels across the One Health spectrum in order to fill the large gaps in knowledge of ABR in low-resource settings.

scholarly journals Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli: Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1355
Author(s):  
Valerio M. Sora ◽  
Gabriele Meroni ◽  
Piera A. Martino ◽  
Alessio Soggiu ◽  
Luigi Bonizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
One Health ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The One ◽  
Animal Production Systems

The One Health approach emphasizes the importance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a major concern both in public health and in food animal production systems. As a general classification, E. coli can be distinguished based on the ability to cause infection of the gastrointestinal system (IPEC) or outside of it (ExPEC). Among the different pathogens, E. coli are becoming of great importance, and it has been suggested that ExPEC may harbor resistance genes that may be transferred to pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria. ExPEC strains are versatile bacteria that can cause urinary tract, bloodstream, prostate, and other infections at non-intestinal sites. In this context of rapidly increasing multidrug-resistance worldwide and a diminishingly effective antimicrobial arsenal to tackle resistant strains. ExPEC infections are now a serious public health threat worldwide. However, the clinical and economic impact of these infections and their optimal management are challenging, and consequently, there is an increasing awareness of the importance of ExPECs amongst healthcare professionals and the general public alike. This review aims to describe pathotype characteristics of ExPEC to increase our knowledge of these bacteria and, consequently, to increase our chances to control them and reduce the risk for AMR, following a One Health approach.

scholarly journals First Global Report of Plasmid-Mediated mcr-1 and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli from Sheep in Portugal

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1403
Author(s):  
Josman Dantas Palmeira ◽  
Marisa Haenni ◽  
Jean-Yves Madec ◽  
Helena Maria Neto Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Resistances to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) and colistin are One Health issues since genes encoding these resistances can be transmitted between all sectors of the One Health concept, i.e., human, animal, and the environment. Among food-producing animals, sheep farming has long been overlooked. To fill in this knowledge gap, we looked for ESC- and colistin resistance in 21 faecal samples collected from sheep in one farm in the south of Portugal. ESC-resistant isolates were selected on MacConkey agar plates supplemented with cefotaxime. Susceptibility testing was performed by the disk-diffusion method according to CLSI, while colistin MIC was determined by broth microdilution. ESC- and colistin-resistance genes were identified by PCR, and the clonality of all isolates was assessed by XbaI-PFGE. The replicon content was determined by PCR according to the PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) scheme. Sixty-two non-duplicate ESC-resistant E. coli isolates were identified, which all presented an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype, mostly due to the presence of CTX-M genes. One CTX-M-1-producing E. coli was concomitantly colistin-resistant and presented the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene. Nearly all isolates showed associated resistances to non-beta-lactam antibiotics, which could act as co-selectors, even in the absence of beta-lactam use. The results showed a high proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli in sheep faeces. Their dissemination was very dynamic, with the spread of successful clones between animals, but also a large diversity of clones and plasmids, sometimes residing in the same animal. This study highlights the need for global surveillance in all food-producing sectors, in order to avoid the dissemination of genes conferring resistance to last-resort antibiotics in human medicine.

scholarly journals Klebsiella pneumoniae Complex Harboring mcr-1, mcr-7, and mcr-8 Isolates from Slaughtered Pigs in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2436
Author(s):  
Nattamol Phetburom ◽  
Parichart Boueroy ◽  
Peechanika Chopjitt ◽  
Rujirat Hatrongjit ◽  
Yukihiro Akeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
One Health ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Monitoring And Surveillance ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

Dissemination of the mobile colistin resistance gene mcr in Enterobacterales among humans, animals, and the environment is a public health issue. We characterized mcr genes in the Klebsiella pneumoniae complex (KpnC) isolated from slaughtered pigs in Thailand. The 280 KpnCs consisted of K. pneumoniae (85%), Klebsiella quasipneumoniae (8.21%), and Klebsiella variicola (6.79%). mcr genes were detected in 6.79% (19/280) of KpnC isolates, consisting of mcr-8 (n = 9; 3.21%), mcr-7 (n = 7; 2.50%), mcr-7 + mcr-8 (n = 2; 0.71%), and mcr-1 + mcr-7 (n = 1; 0.36%). K. pneumoniae predominantly carried the mcr-7 and mcr-8 genes, while K. variicola and K. quasipneumoniae harbored mcr-7 and mcr-8, respectively. Six of the nineteen mcr-harboring KpnC isolates exhibited colistin resistance, and five had mcr-1 or mcr-8 transferable to an Escherichia coli recipient. Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis revealed that all mcr-carrying KpnC isolates were susceptible to carbapenems, cefotaxime, cefepime, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam, amikacin, and fosfomycin, and had high resistance to azithromycin. Multilocus sequence analysis demonstrated that the mcr-harboring KpnC isolates were genetically diverse. A ‘One-Health’ approach is useful to combat antimicrobial-resistant bacteria through coordinating the human, animal, and environmental sectors. Hence, continuous monitoring and surveillance of mcr-carrying KpnCs throughout the pork supply chain is crucial for ensuring public health.

scholarly journals Quinolone resistance (qnrA) gene in isolates of Escherichia coli collected from the Al-Hillah River in Babylon Province, Iraq

Pharmacia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hawraa Mohammed Al-Rafyai ◽  
Mourouge Saadi Alwash ◽  
Noor Salman Al-Khafaji
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Public Health Hazards

Aquatic environment contamination remains a foremost global public health hazards, and symbolizes a significant reservoir of releasing antibiotic resistant bacteria. The survival of Escherichia coli in aquatic environments serves as a potential reservoir of antibiotic resistance, encompassing but not restricted to a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) mechanism. The current study aimed to detect the presence of the PMQR-qnrA gene in quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates. Sixty-one waterborne E. coli with known phylogroups/subgroups isolated from the Al-Hillah River in Babylon Province, Iraq, were screened for the phenotypic resistance to third-generation quinolones (levofloxacin and ofloxacin) and were further analysed for the presence of the qnrA gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fifty-seven (93.4%) of 61 E. coli isolates were levofloxacin-resistant, and 55 (90.2%) were ofloxacin-resistant. Among the 57 quinolone-resistant E. coli, 40 (65.57%) isolates were found to carry the PMQR-qnrA gene. Among the 40 qnrA-positive E. coli, 22 (36.1%) isolates were in phylogroup B2, followed by 8 (13.1%) isolates in phylogroup D, 6 (9.8%) isolates in phylogroup B1, and 4 (6.6%) isolates in phylogroup A. The presence of the PMQR-qnrA gene in E. coli belonging to phylogroup B2 and D reflects the need for routine monitoring of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the Al-Hillah River.

scholarly journals Colistin resistance prevalence in Escherichia coli from domestic animals in intensive breeding farms of Jiangsu Province, China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Zhang ◽  
B. Zhang ◽  
Z. Yu ◽  
Y. Guo ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chromogenic Agar ◽  
Breeding Farms

AbstractThe global dissemination of colistin resistance has received a great deal of attention. Recently, the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance encoded by mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes in Escherichia coli (E.coli) strains from animals, food, and patients in China have been reported continuously. To make clear the colisin resistance and mcr gene spread in domestic animals in Jiangsu Province, we collected fecael swabs from pigs, chicken and cattle at different age distributed in intensive feeding farms. The selected chromogenic agar and mcr-PCR were used to screen the colisin resistance and mcr gene carriage. Colistin resistant E.coli colonies were identified from 54.25 % (440/811) pig faecal swabs, from 35.96 % (443/1232) chicken faecal swabs, and 26.92 % (42/156) from cattle faecal swabs. Of all the colisin resistant E.coli colonies, the positive amplifications of mcr-1 were significantly higher than mcr-2. The mcr-1 prevalence was 68.86 % (303/440) in pigs, 87.58 % (388/443) in chicken, and 71.43 % (30/42), compared with 46.82 % (206/440) in pigs, 14.90 % (66/443) in chicken, and 19.05 % (8/42) in cattle of prevalence of mcr-2. Co-occurrence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 was identified in 20 % (88/440) in pigs, 7.22 % (32/443) in chickens, and in 9.52 % (4/42) cattle. These data indicate that mcr was the most important colistin resistance mechanism. Interventions and alternative options are necessary to minimise further dissemination of mcr between food-producing animals and human.IMPORTANCEColistin is recognized one of the last defence lines for the treatment of highly resistant bacteria, but the emergence of resistance that conferred by a transferable plasmid-mediated mcr genes to this vital antibiotic is extremely disturbing. Here, we used E. coli as an index to monitor drug resistance in domestic animals (pigs, chicken and cattle). It was found that the colistin resistance widely occurred at all ages of domestic animals and the mcr-dependent mechanism dominated in E.coli. We also found that the elder and adult animals were a reservoir of resistant strains, suggesting a potential food safety issue and greater public health problems.

scholarly journals Reservoir water in Singapore contains ESBL-producing and carbapenem-resistant bacteria with conjugatable conserved gene cluster transfer between different species.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhong ◽  
Siyao Guo ◽  
Joergen Schlundt
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
The One ◽  
Conserved Gene

As the role of the aquatic environment in the One-Health approach has called increasing attention, the studies of Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) spreading in the water bodies have been reported worldwide. However, there are still limited studies on the AMR carrier in the reservoir water in Singapore. Since 2018, our group has collect water samples from six reservoirs in Singapore and isolated the beta-lactam-resistant bacteria from them. We then characterized the isolates with Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and successfully identified ESBL-producing bacteria from three sampling reservoirs, and confirmed their resistance with both phenotypic and sequencing methods. To better understand the AMR spreading locally, we compared our isolates with isolates from other WGS studies in Singapore covered humans, food, and the enviroment. From there, we noticed the same sequence type (ST) as ST10, ST23, and ST38 has been shared among the environment, food, and humans, as well as the same beta-lactamase genes, are widely distributed among multiple sources. Further genetic environment comparison of beta-lactamase has suggested their spreading as conserved gene clusters among different species and sources. And this hypothesis has been supported by the successful conjugation of blaCTX-M-15 from Klebsiella pneumonia to Escherichia coli (E .coli). We also applied the shotgun metagenomic sequencing to understand the community of bacteria in reservoir water and detect the AMR genes. The composition of bacteria has shown different diversity among different samples. Besides, different beta-lactamase genes have been identified compared to culture depended methods. Here, we suggest that sequencing analysis has great potential in understanding AMR spreading in the One-Health approach. A genetic-based AMR risk assessment is in urgent need in Singapore.

Antimicrobial stewardship through a one health lens

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Anne D'Angeli ◽  
Joe B. Baker ◽  
Douglas R. Call ◽  
Margaret A. Davis ◽  
Kelly J. Kauber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
One Health ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The One

Purpose – Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a global health crisis that is attracting focussed attention from healthcare, public health, governmental agencies, the public, and food producers. The purpose of this paper is to describe the work in Washington State to combat resistance and promote antimicrobial stewardship from a one health perspective. Design/methodology/approach – In 2014, the Washington State Department of Health convened a One Health Steering Committee and two workgroups to focus on AR, the One Health Antimicrobial Stewardship work group and the One Health Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance work group. The group organized educational sessions to establish a basic understanding of epidemiological factors that contribute to resistance, including antibiotic use, transmission of resistant bacteria, and environmental contamination with resistant bacteria and antibiotic residues. Findings – The authors describe the varied uses of antibiotics; efforts to promote stewardship in human, and animal health, including examples from the USA and Europe; economic factors that promote use of antibiotics in animal agriculture; and efforts, products and next steps of the workgroups. Originality/value – In Washington, human, animal and environmental health experts are working collaboratively to address resistance from a one health perspective. The authors are establishing a multi-species resistance database that will allow tracking resistance trends in the region. Gaps include measurement of antibiotic use in humans and animals; integrated resistance surveillance information; and funding for AR and animal health research.

scholarly journals Moderate Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Lettuce, Irrigation Water, and Soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (21) ◽  
pp. 6677-6683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Holvoet ◽  
Imca Sampers ◽  
Benedicte Callens ◽  
Jeroen Dewulf ◽  
Mieke Uyttendaele
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Soil Irrigation ◽  
Resistance Rates

ABSTRACTFresh produce is known to carry nonpathogenic epiphytic microorganisms. During agricultural production and harvesting, leafy greens can become contaminated with antibiotic-resistant pathogens or commensals from animal and human sources. As lettuce does not undergo any inactivation or preservation treatment during processing, consumers may be exposed directly to all of the (resistant) bacteria present. In this study, we investigated whether lettuce or its production environment (irrigation water, soil) is able to act as a vector or reservoir of antimicrobial-resistantEscherichia coli. Over a 1-year period, eight lettuce farms were visited multiple times and 738 samples, including lettuce seedlings (leaves and soil), soil, irrigation water, and lettuce leaves were collected. From these samples, 473 isolates ofEscherichia coliwere obtained and tested for resistance to 14 antimicrobials. Fifty-four isolates (11.4%) were resistant to one or more antimicrobials. The highest resistance rate was observed for ampicillin (7%), followed by cephalothin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and streptomycin, with resistance rates between 4.4 and 3.6%. No resistance to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, or kanamycin was observed. One isolate was resistant to cefotaxime. Among the multiresistant isolates (n= 37), ampicillin and cephalothin showed the highest resistance rates, at 76 and 52%, respectively.E. coliisolates from lettuce showed higher resistance rates thanE. coliisolates obtained from soil or irrigation water samples. When the presence of resistance inE. coliisolates from lettuce production sites and their resistance patterns were compared with the profiles of animal-derivedE. colistrains, they were found to be the most comparable with what is found in the cattle reservoir. This may suggest that cattle are a potential reservoir of antimicrobial-resistantE. colistrains in plant primary production.

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