Antiretroviral Drug Transporters and Metabolic Enzymes in Circulating Monocytes and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages of ART Treated People Living with HIV and HIV-Uninfected Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Tozammel Hoque ◽  
Amélie Cattin ◽  
Sana-Kay Whyte-Allman ◽  
Lee Winchester ◽  
Courtney V. Fletcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Transporters ◽  
Metabolic Enzymes ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Substance use, Unlike Dolutegravir, is Associated with Mood Symptoms in People Living with HIV

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Van de Wijer ◽  
Wouter van der Heijden ◽  
Mike van Verseveld ◽  
Mihai Netea ◽  
Quirijn de Mast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Self Report ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Side Effects

AbstractContradictory data have been reported concerning neuropsychiatric side effects of the first-line antiretroviral drug dolutegravir, which may be partly due to lack of control groups or psychiatric assessment tools. Using validated self-report questionnaires, we compared mood and anxiety (DASS-42), impulsivity (BIS-11), and substance use (MATE-Q) between dolutegravir-treated and dolutegravir-naive people living with HIV (PLHIV). We analyzed 194, mostly male, PLHIV on long-term treatment of whom 82/194 (42.3%) used dolutegravir for a median (IQR) of 280 (258) days. Overall, 51/194 (26.3%) participants reported DASS-42 scores above the normal cut-off, 27/194 (13.5%) were classified as highly impulsive, and 58/194 (29.9%) regularly used recreational drugs. Regular substance use was positively associated with depression (p = 0.012) and stress scores (p = 0.045). We observed no differences between dolutegravir-treated and dolutegravir-naive PLHIV. Our data show that depressed and anxious moods and impulsivity are common in PLHIV and associate with substance use and not with dolutegravir use.

scholarly journals Thrombocytopenia according to Antiretroviral Drug Combinations, Viremia and CD4 Lymphocytes among HIV-Infected Patients in Cameroon A Snapshot from the City of Yaoundé

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Durand NKA ◽  
Samuel Martin Sosso ◽  
Joseph Fokam ◽  
Bouba Yagai ◽  
Georges Teto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Reference Centre ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Thrombocytopenia is an abnormal decrease in blood platelets, which can affect the prognosis of people living with HIV (PLHIV). In order to limit the occurrence of this haematological disorder, we evaluated the frequency of thrombocytopenia according to antiretroviral drug combinations, viremia and the immune status of PLHIV. Methods A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted from June-November 2016 among 310 PLHIV at the “Chantal BIYA” International Reference Centre for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon. Thrombocytopenia was assessed by blood count on Mindray BC 3000 plus, then categorized as mild (50,000-149,999 platelets/μL), moderate (20,000-49,999) and severe <20,000; HIV-1 viremia was measured by Abbott m2000RT and CD4 by BD Facs Calibur; treatment history was retrieved from medical records. Data were analysed using Graph Pad Prism.6, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results Median age was 40 [IQR: 33-49] years with, and 60.9% of participants being female. Up to 79.0% (245) were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART); 54.5% had CD4 counts <500 cells/mm3 and 25.4% had viremia >3log10 RNA/ml. Overall rate of thrombocytopenia was 19.0% (59/310), with 17.4% (54/310) mild, 1.6% (5/310) moderate and 0.0% severe. Following ART-exposure, rate of thrombocytopenia was 64.6% (42/65) versus 6.9% (17/245) in naïve versus treated patients respectively, p<0.0001. Following ART regimens, rate of thrombocytopenia was 64.7% (11/17) versus 35.3% (6/17) among AZT-containing versus AZT-sparing regimens, p=0.02. Following viral load ranges, rate of thrombocytopenia was 15.8% (20/130) in those with undetectable viral load, 11.0% (12/101) with viral loads 1.60-3.0 log10 RNA/ml and 34.1% (27/79) with viral loads >3 log10 RNA/ml (p=0.03; r=-0.12). As concerns CD4-count, rate of thrombocytopenia was 16.2% (42/259) in those with ≥200 CD4/mm3 versus 33.3% (17/51) with <200 CD4/mm3 (p=0.0003; r=0.21). After adjusting for age, sex, ART, viral load and CD4, only ART exposure was significantly associated with decreased risk of thrombopenia (p<0.0001). Conclusions Thrombocytopenia occurs generally at mild-level among PLHIV in Cameroon, especially among ART-naïve, AZT-treated, high viremia and severe immune-compromised patients. Interestingly, ART coverage appears as an independent factor in preventing the occurrence of thrombocytopenia, especially for AZT-sparing treatment combinations in countries with similar features like Cameroon.

scholarly journals Nevirapine pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected persons receiving rifapentine and isoniazid for TB prevention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A T Podany ◽  
J Leon-Cruz ◽  
J Hakim ◽  
K Supparatpinyo ◽  
A Omoz-Oarhe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Oral Clearance ◽  
Geometric Mean Ratio ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Trough Concentrations ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background The use of rifamycin antibiotics for TB prevention carries a risk of detrimental drug–drug interactions with concomitantly used ART. Objectives To evaluate the interaction of the antiretroviral drug nevirapine in combination with 4 weeks of daily rifapentine and isoniazid for TB prevention in people living with HIV. Methods Participants were individuals enrolled in the BRIEF-TB study receiving nevirapine and randomized to the rifapentine/isoniazid arm of the study. Participants provided sparse pharmacokinetic (PK) sampling at baseline and weeks 2 and 4 for trough nevirapine determination. Nevirapine apparent oral clearance (CL/F) was estimated and the geometric mean ratio (GMR) of CL/F prior to and during rifapentine/isoniazid was calculated. Results Seventy-eight participants had evaluable PK data: 61 (78%) female, 51 (65%) black non-Hispanic and median (range) age of 40 (13–66) years. Median (IQR) nevirapine trough concentrations were: week 0, 7322 (5266–9302) ng/mL; week 2, 5537 (3552–8462) ng/mL; and week 4, 5388 (3516–8243) ng/mL. Sixty out of 78 participants (77%) had nevirapine concentrations ≥3000 ng/mL at both week 2 and 4. Median (IQR) nevirapine CL/F values were: week 0 pre-rifapentine/isoniazid, 2.03 (1.58–2.58) L/h; and during rifapentine/isoniazid, 2.62 (1.81–3.42) L/h. The GMR (90% CI) for nevirapine CL/F was 1.30 (1.26–1.33). Conclusions The CL/F of nevirapine significantly increased with concomitant rifapentine/isoniazid. The decrease in nevirapine trough concentrations during rifapentine/isoniazid therapy suggests induction of nevirapine metabolism, consistent with known rifapentine effects. The magnitude of this drug–drug interaction suggests daily rifapentine/isoniazid for TB prevention should not be co-administered with nevirapine-containing ART.

Facilitating primary care non-antiretroviral drug prescribing in people living with HIV: The ‘THINK ARV’ initiative

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242110473
Author(s):  
Chloe Knox ◽  
Heather Leak Date ◽  
Su S Lim ◽  
Mark Shaw ◽  
Brian Flynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
User Satisfaction ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
General Practices ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Advice Service

Objectives: Older people living with HIV (PLWH) have higher rates of multimorbidity, polypharmacy and an associated increased risk of potential drug–drug interactions (DDIs). We describe the development, implementation and evaluation of an intervention to increase community prescribers’ access to specialist prescribing advice. Methods: Phase One: a survey evaluating General Practitioners’ (GPs’) knowledge of, and confidence detecting DDIs affecting PLWH, was circulated to eight General Practices in one UK city. Phase Two: co-production was used to develop the THINK ARV intervention for prescribers in city-wide General Practices: a dedicated mobile phone and e-mail advice service staffed by HIV specialist pharmacists. Queries were audited for 6 months pre- and post-intervention. A user-satisfaction survey was emailed to enquirers. Results: Phase One: 42 GPs responded, of whom 62% requested further support identifying DDIs among PLWH. Phase Two: the number of queries received increased from 25 (6 months before ‘THINK ARV’ launch) to 63 in the following 6 months (152% increase). 94% of the queries were specifically about DDIs. Conclusions: Increasing community prescribers’ access to specialist telephone and e-mail advice resulted in increased awareness and detection of DDIs. Similar interventions could be embedded within different healthcare settings to optimise medicines and avoid potential patient harm.

scholarly journals Antiretroviral drug transporters and metabolic enzymes in human testicular tissue: potential contribution to HIV-1 sanctuary site

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1954-1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiying Huang ◽  
Md. Tozammel Hoque ◽  
Mohammad-Ali Jenabian ◽  
Kishanda Vyboh ◽  
Sana-Kay Whyte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Transporters ◽  
Metabolic Enzymes ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Antiretroviral drug concentrations in hair are associated with virologic outcomes among young people living with HIV in Tanzania

AIDS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1115-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary J. Tabb ◽  
Blandina T. Mmbaga ◽  
Monica Gandhi ◽  
Alexander Louie ◽  
Karen Kuncze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Living With Hiv

Antiretroviral uptake in Australia: medical, attitudinal and cultural correlates

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 579-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas M Ezzy ◽  
Michael R Bartos ◽  
Richard O De Visser ◽  
Doreen A Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count ◽  
Cessation Of Treatment ◽  
Hiv Aids

The objective of this study was to describe the medical, attitudinal and cultural correlates of antiretroviral uptake amongst people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Australia. Stratified purposive sampling produced a sample of 925 PLWHA, which represents 8.3% of the current population of PLWHA in Australia. Respondents completed a self-administered questionnaire which revealed that 78% of respondents were using antiretroviral drugs for HIV/AIDS. Logistic regression revealed that PLWHA were more likely to use antiretroviral drugs if they had more favourable attitudes toward antiretroviral drugs, if they had been diagnosed with an AIDS-defining illness, and if they had ever had a CD4/T-cell count below 400 copies/ml blood. Women were less likely than men to use antiretroviral drugs, and logistic regression revealed different predictors of antiretroviral drug use amongst men and women. Given the importance of attitudes toward antiretroviral drugs, it is likely that if the current confidence in antiretroviral drugs were to change, this would be reflected in an equally rapid cessation of treatment amongst many PLWHA.

scholarly journals EVALUATION ON THE EFFECT OF ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS ON CD4 T-CELL AND THE INCREMENT OF BODY WEIGHT AMONG HIV-AIDS PATIENTS IN SURABAYA

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Edith Frederika ◽  
Irine Normalina ◽  
Nasronudin Nasronudin ◽  
Rury Mega
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Living With Hiv

Antiretroviral drug discovery has encouraged a revolution in the care of people living with HIV, although it has not been able to cure diseases and to increase the challenge in terms of drug side effects. Side effects of antiretroviral drugs are fairly common occurrences in HIV patients and generally occurr within the first three months after initiation of antiretroviral therapy, although long-term side effects are also often found afterwards. This study aims to evaluate the number of CD4 T-cells in patients with AIDS before and after getting on ARV therapy, the side effects arising during the taking of ARVs are related to the increment of body weight among the HIVAIDS patients. Subjects were then narrowed down from 25 to 12 due to the incomplete data. The results showed that the top three most side effects which often occur in people with AIDS are appetite loss (20.0%), nausea (17.8%), and diarrhoea (15.6%). Meanwhile, about 58% of the subjects experienced increment of their body weight, and 42% were losing weight due to the side effects of the ARV therapy. Among those who lost their body weight, 50% were in the productive ages between 21–30 years old. The present study shows that combination antiretroviral therapy gives good results to the increased number of CD4 T-cells in patients living with HIV, as shown by the tendency of an increment in the number of CD4 T-cells in patients who received antiretroviral therapy. However, around 42% of those patients were losing weight because of the side effects of the therapy. Therefore, the importance of giving specific nutrient to overcome with the weight loss is needed to be given to the patients HIV instead of only giving the ARV treatment.

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