scholarly journals Relationship of Main Pulmonary Artery Diameter to Pulmonary Arterial Pressure in Scleroderma Patients With and Without Interstitial Fibrosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. McCall ◽  
James G. Ravenel ◽  
Paul J. Nietert ◽  
Aleksandra Granath ◽  
Richard M. Silver
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Diameter

Relationship of pulmonary arterial pressure and airflow obstruction to emphysema

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 1320-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Emphysematous Lung ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Relationship Of

Guinea pigs were exposed to cigarette smoke for 6 mo, after which lung and cardiac function and lung morphology were examined. The smoke-exposed animals were divided into two groups on the basis of final pulmonary arterial pressure. We found that the smoke-exposed animals with increased pulmonary arterial pressure had a moderate degree of airflow obstruction compared with the normotensive smoke group, which showed only mild airflow obstruction, and with the control group. Both smoke groups had similar degrees of emphysema. Although both smoke groups had an increased percentage of muscularized small arterioles, only the group with increased pulmonary arterial pressure had an altered flow-pressure response to dobutamine. We conclude that although cigarette smoke appears to induce changes in the vascular structure and to produce emphysematous lung destruction, the increased pulmonary arterial pressure in guinea pigs chronically exposed to smoke is not directly related to either of these findings. Instead, it appears that there is a dynamic alteration of both the airways, producing airflow obstruction, and the vasculature, producing increased pulmonary arterial pressure.

Effect of hypoxia on pulmonary artery pressure of dogs

1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (6) ◽  
pp. 1314-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benson R. Wilcox ◽  
W. Gerald Austen ◽  
Harvey W. Bender
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Artery Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Systemic Hypoxia ◽  
Pump Output ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

The mechanism by which the pulmonary artery pressure rises in response to hypoxia has never been clearly demonstrated. This problem was reinvestigated in experiments utilizing separate pulmonary and systemic perfusion systems. These vascular beds were perfused in such a fashion that a change in pulmonary artery pressure could only result from changes in vasomotor tone. Alveolar-pulmonary vein hypoxia was usually associated with a slight fall in pulmonary artery pressure. Systemic hypoxia resulted in elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure in 10 of the 12 animals tested with a constant-flow and constant-pulmonary venous pressure. In addition, all animals with systemic desaturation showed an increased venous return. When the "cardiac output" (pump output) was increased to match this return, the elevation in pulmonary artery pressure increased. It was concluded that the pulmonary arterial pressure elevation seen with hypoxia is the result of active pulmonary vasoconstriction coupled with an increased pulmonary blood flow.

scholarly journals Main pulmonary artery diameter assessment in a large sample of Indian population: a MDCT based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Abdul Haseeb Wani ◽  
Yassar Shiekh ◽  
Najeeb Tallal Ahangar
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Diameter

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The gold standard for pulmonary artery pressure measurement is right heart catheterization but its invasive nature precludes its routine use. Main pulmonary arterial trunk calibre increase is a strong indicator of underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension. MDCT can accurately measure the diameter of main pulmonary artery. The objective of the study was to establish the normative values of main pulmonary artery caliber using contrast enhanced CT and try to ascertain any significant difference in main pulmonary artery calibers between two genders and correlation of age and main pulmonary artery diameter.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Contrast enhanced CT images of 462 subjects were analysed on a PACS workstation monitor and widest diameter perpendicular to long axis of the main pulmonary artery as seen on reformatted axial image was measured with electronic caliper tool at the level of the main pulmonary artery bifurcation.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean main pulmonary artery diameter in females was 22.54±2.19 mm and 23.34±3.06 mm in males. The mean pulmonary artery diameter in males was larger than females with statistically significant difference seen (p&lt;0.05). The correlation coefficient between age of whole sample and their mean main pulmonary artery was found to be 0.1006 with no statistically significant difference.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is a statistically significant difference in the mean main pulmonary artery calibre between males and females with no strong correlation between the age and mean main pulmonary artery calibre. Further studies are warranted to find the complex interaction between main pulmonary artery diameter and sex, age and body mass index.</p>

Echinocytic transformation and aggregation of red cells in uremic patients

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 711-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Agroyannis ◽  
A. Dalamangas ◽  
H. Tzanatos ◽  
C. Fourtounas ◽  
I. Kopelias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Sodium Salicylate ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Isolated rabbit lungs were perfused with washed and resuspended human red blood cells (RBCs) in the presence of drugs known to change the shape and deformability of RBCs. With sodium salicylate (0.5-2 g/l), which causes echinocytosis and increases RBC deformability, lung diffusing capacity for O2 (DLO2) increased by 21%. When chlorpromazine, which induces stomatocytosis and stiffens RBCs, was given (50 mg/l), DLO2 decreased by 18% under chlorpromazine. Comparative experiments with hemoglobin solutions did not reveal any effect of those two drugs either on DLO2 or on pulmonary arterial pressure, which indicates that the effects of sodium salicylate and chlorpromazine were due to changes in RBC shape and deformability. It is concluded that RBC shape and deformability affect pulmonary artery pressure and oxygen diffusing capacity, which may have an influence on oxygen transfer to tissue and hence be of clinical relevance.

Pulmonary arterial elasticity in awake dogs

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 840-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Grant ◽  
J. M. Canty ◽  
G. Srinivasan ◽  
A. S. Brody
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Arterial Elasticity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

We measured the relationship between pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa), diameter (D), and length of a segment of the main pulmonary artery (MPA) in chronically instrumented conscious dogs breathing spontaneously (CCC). There were no physiologically significant changes in Ppa or D in the CCC dogs postoperatively, and the cross-sectional MPA shape measured by fast computed tomography was nearly circular. These results suggest that the MPA was not distorted by chronic instrumentation. We compared measurements made in the CCC dogs with previous measurements in acutely instrumented anesthetized dogs with open chests (AAO). The elasticity of MPA in the CCC animals was frequency dependent between 1 and 14 Hz and was similar to that in the AAO dogs. Oscillations of D preceded Ppa at cardiac frequencies in the AAO animals, but the D and Ppa oscillations were in phase in the CCC animals. The oscillations of length relative to D were significantly less in the CCC than in the AAO dogs. We conclude that, with limitations, the hemodynamic properties of the MPA can be measured in the CCC subjects. We suggest that the discrepancies between the AAO and CCC dogs can be attributed to differences in extrinsic loading of the MPA.

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