scholarly journals Density dependence of developmental instability in a dimorphic ungulate

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Serrano ◽  
Jean-Marc Angibault ◽  
Bruno Cargnelutti ◽  
A. J. Mark Hewison
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Density Dependence ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Individual Quality ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Dama Dama ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
First Time

The use of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) for biomonitoring environmental stress is limited by the lack of work on how FA in particular traits responds to specific stresses. Here, by manipulating the number of individuals in an enclosed fallow deer ( Dama dama ) population, we describe, for the first time, clear density dependence in the FA of juvenile jaw morphology. The impact of high population density on FA was strong for both sexes, supporting the use of FA for indexing environmental stress. In addition, there was some indication that the change in FA was greater in males (43.6%) than females (28.5%). Finally, the ability to buffer density-dependent stress was independent of body condition. We suggest that, under highly limiting conditions, whole cohorts may be unable to buffer against developmental error, irrespective of individual quality.

scholarly journals An Epidemic Model SIPHERD and its application for prediction of the spread of COVID-19 infection in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Mahajan ◽  
Ravi Solanki ◽  
Namitha Sivadas
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Epidemic Model ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
High Population ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Death Cases

AbstractAfter originating from Wuhan, China, in late 2019, with a gradual spread in the last few months, COVID-19 has become a pandemic crossing 9 million confirmed positive cases and 450 thousand deaths. India is not only an overpopulated country but has a high population density as well, and at present, a high-risk nation where COVID-19 infection can go out of control. In this paper, we employ a compartmental epidemic model SIPHERD for COVID-19 and predict the total number of confirmed, active and death cases, and daily new cases. We analyze the impact of lockdown and the number of tests conducted per day on the prediction and bring out the scenarios in which the infection can be controlled faster. Our findings indicate that increasing the tests per day at a rapid pace (10k per day increase), stringent measures on social-distancing for the coming months and strict lockdown in the month of July all have a significant impact on the disease spread.

Modelled impact of insecticide-contaminated dung on the abundance and distribution of dung fauna

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Vale ◽  
I.F. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Density Dependence ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Treatment Interval ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDeterministic models assessed the effects that contaminated dung from insecticide-treated cattle had on populations of three hypothetical species of dung fauna that dispersed randomly and could double their numbers every 1–28 weeks at low density. Insecticide was allowed to kill 2–98 % of adults and prevent 16–100% of breeding in pats produced immediately after cattle treatment, with toxicity declining to < 1% in pats produced 2–23 days later. Treatment intervals were 10–40 days. The modelled impact of insecticide was affected little by approximately four-fold variations in: length and density dependence of the attractive life span of pats, frequency of pat occupation by immature adults, distribution of pat toxicity during treatment interval, and changes in dispersal rates due to age and population density. Of greater importance were variations in: pat toxicity, treatment interval, frequency of pat occupation by breeding adults, density dependence of recruitment and death, natural adversity and mortality in dormancy, general rate of dispersal, and the size and shape of the area with treated cattle. Overall, it seemed that wide variations in the impact of contamination will occur in the field, but in many situations the risk to dung fauna can be substantial, especially for slow breeding beetles, and muscoids contacting insecticide on cattle. Risk extends outside the treated areas, for a distance equal to several daily displacements of the insects. Untreated refuges for species survival should be compact blocks at least 25 daily displacements wide.

scholarly journals Selected haematological indices in farmed male fallow deer (Dama dama) depending on the different conditions during the wintering period

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 379-385
Author(s):  
K Tajchman
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Dama Dama ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Fallow deer (Dama dama) are the most common breeding species among farmed cervids in Poland. Monitoring the animals’ health, nutritional status, and welfare are highly important aspects in their breeding. Haematological variables are important indicators for comparing the physiological status of the animals and for monitoring the changes in the organism related to the adaptation to the breeding conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the day’s length and the total protein content in the diet for the farmed fallow deer on the selected haematological variables. The study demonstrated a significant decline in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and an increase of the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (P &lt; 0.05) in all the animals after the winter period. However, the animal group exposed to prolonged daylight exhibited a significant increase in the platelet distribution width (PDW) and platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR) (P &lt; 0.05). In turn, the group receiving a lower amount of protein in the diet was characterised by a significant reduction in the platelet count (PLT) (P &lt; 0.05). Thus, the length of daylight and the protein content of the diet for fallow deer exert a significant impact on several haematological characteristics, which may serve as indicators of an animal’s nutritional status and welfare.

Behaviour of Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus L.) At Calving Time

Behaviour ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 287-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.H. Clutton-Brock ◽  
F.E. Guinness
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Flight Distance ◽  
High Population ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
First Time

AbstractRed deer on the Isle of Rhum (Inner Hebrides) show a well defined calving peak in late May and early June. Just before calving, hinds leave their usual social groups and move away from areas of high population density. Calves spend most of the day lying away from their mothers and are visited at intervals. During these visits, mothers show increased vigilance and flight distance from observers. When disturbed close to their lying calves, hinds are unwilling to approach the calf's position and may move the calf to a new area during the following 24 hours. Calves select their lying position with care, preferring to lie in long vegetation in places where they are sheltered from sight and can see the ground in front of them. All these behaviour patterns change during the first four weeks after parturition. The behaviour of hinds breeding for the first time differs little from that of experienced mothers.

scholarly journals A Review on Historical Tsunamis in the Canary Islands: Implications for Tsunami Risk Reduction

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Inés Galindo ◽  
Carmen Romero ◽  
Esther Martín-González ◽  
Juana Vegas ◽  
Nieves Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
La Gomera

The analysis of the historical documentary sources together with evidence from the geological record is essential to understand the impact and processes triggered by tsunamis on the Canary Islands. This archipelago has been affected by tsunamis caused by different geological processes, of which the most studied have been those generated by prehistoric mega-landslides. However, there is also evidence of those produced by distant tsunamigenic sources. An exhaustive review of all documentation available was made, identifying the existence of at least four seismically triggered tsunami episodes (1755, 1761, 1941 and 1969), the majority with an epicenter in the Azores-Gibraltar boundary. In this work, several tsunamis are cited for the first time, such as the one produced by the Argaga (La Gomera) landslide in 2020. Other episodes historically identified as tsunamis are discarded as they corresponded to other geological events. The effects of most historic tsunamis have gone unnoticed, having occurred in epochs of sparsely populated coastal areas. But their study allows us to infer the need for the archipelago authorities to establish preventive measures to avoid possible damage from tsunamis, especially if we consider the presently high population density of the Canarian littoral.

THE CONDITION OF THE ECOLOGICAL BALANCE OF THE FERGANA VALLEY IN THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE HEALTH OF THE POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Dadahon Norkuziev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Ecological Balance ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Ferghana Valley ◽  
The Impact

This article describes the ecological situation in the Ferghana Valley over the years of independence, its impact on public health, the high population density in the region, the negative impact of industrial enterprises on the environment, environmental degradation, and the impact of various diseases on public health

The Physical Geography of Western Europe

2005 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Human Society ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

A distinguished team of Western European scholars has written an advanced, full-length physical geography designed to be a state-of-the-art evaluation of the physical environment of Western Europe, being both retrospective and prospective in its perception of environmental change. The unique natural and regional environments of Western Europe are discussed, as well as the physical geographic framework of the region. Particular emphasis is placed on the impact and responses of human society on the physical environment of the region which is characterized by a very high population density. As an enhanced reference work it will be of enduring value.

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