scholarly journals Dogs recognize dog and human emotions

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20150883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Albuquerque ◽  
Kun Guo ◽  
Anna Wilkinson ◽  
Carine Savalli ◽  
Emma Otta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
High Level

The perception of emotional expressions allows animals to evaluate the social intentions and motivations of each other. This usually takes place within species; however, in the case of domestic dogs, it might be advantageous to recognize the emotions of humans as well as other dogs. In this sense, the combination of visual and auditory cues to categorize others' emotions facilitates the information processing and indicates high-level cognitive representations. Using a cross-modal preferential looking paradigm, we presented dogs with either human or dog faces with different emotional valences (happy/playful versus angry/aggressive) paired with a single vocalization from the same individual with either a positive or negative valence or Brownian noise. Dogs looked significantly longer at the face whose expression was congruent to the valence of vocalization, for both conspecifics and heterospecifics, an ability previously known only in humans. These results demonstrate that dogs can extract and integrate bimodal sensory emotional information, and discriminate between positive and negative emotions from both humans and dogs.

scholarly journals Increased vulnerability to wildfires and post fire hydro-geomorphic processes in Portuguese mountain regions: what has changed?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Nunes ◽  
L. Lourenço
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Ecological Vulnerability ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
High Level ◽  
Common Lands ◽  
Sedimentation Processes

AbstractThe main objectives of this study were to understand the frequency of forest fires, post-fire off-site hydrological response and erosional processes from a social and ecological perspective in two basins located in the central cordillera, Portugal. It also discusses the driving forces that contribute towards increasing the social-ecological vulnerability of systems in the face of hazards and emphasizes the importance of learning from disasters. Based on the historical incidence of wildfires, it is possible to identify several areas affected by two, three or four fires, since 1975. Following the two major fires, in 1987 and 2005, flash floods, intense soil erosion and sedimentation processes were generated, causing severe damage. Significant socioeconomic, political and ecological changes have been affecting mountain regions in the last decades. Approximately 80% of the population and more than 90% of the livestock have disappeared, common lands have been afforested with Pinus pinaster, and several agricultural plots have been abandoned. These factors have all contributed towards creating non- or submanaged landscapes that have led to a dramatic increase in the magnitude and frequency of wildfires and to post-fire hydrological and erosional processes when heavy rainfall occurs. Moreover, the low population density, high level of population ageing and very fire-prone vegetation that now covers large areas of both basins, contribute to a situation of extreme socio-ecological vulnerability, meaning that disasters will continue to occur unless resilience can be restored to improve the capacity to cope with this high susceptibility to hazards.

scholarly journals The face is not an empty canvas: how facial expressions interact with facial appearance

2009 ◽  
Vol 364 (1535) ◽  
pp. 3497-3504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Hess ◽  
Reginald B. Adams ◽  
Robert E. Kleck
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Facial Appearance ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Facial Movement ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One ◽  
Signalling Systems

Faces are not simply blank canvases upon which facial expressions write their emotional messages. In fact, facial appearance and facial movement are both important social signalling systems in their own right. We here provide multiple lines of evidence for the notion that the social signals derived from facial appearance on the one hand and facial movement on the other interact in a complex manner, sometimes reinforcing and sometimes contradicting one another. Faces provide information on who a person is. Sex, age, ethnicity, personality and other characteristics that can define a person and the social group the person belongs to can all be derived from the face alone. The present article argues that faces interact with the perception of emotion expressions because this information informs a decoder's expectations regarding an expresser's probable emotional reactions. Facial appearance also interacts more directly with the interpretation of facial movement because some of the features that are used to derive personality or sex information are also features that closely resemble certain emotional expressions, thereby enhancing or diluting the perceived strength of particular expressions.

scholarly journals 100 Peers: An open set of controlled emotional facial expressions for use in psychology and neuroscience experiments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Mattek ◽  
Samantha Chavez ◽  
Julia L. Berkowitz ◽  
M. Ida Gobbini ◽  
Robert Chavez
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Stimulus Category ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
The Face ◽  
Portrait Photographs ◽  
High Level ◽  
Human Faces

Human faces are a ubiquitous stimulus category in experimental psychology and neuroscience, routinely applied in many research domains including perception, emotion, social cognition, and memory. Here, we present a set of portrait photographs of 100 identities with each identity making 9 emotional expressions (anger, calm, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise, and neutral), amounting to 900 total photographs. Unlike many existing face databases, these photographs are highly controlled for perceptual features, in that (1) they were taken in a laboratory setting with identical professional lighting, (2) all participants are wearing the exact same neutral clothing (a black t-shirt), (3) all faces have been manually adjusted such that the eyes are approximately at the center of a square without cropping any part of the face from the photograph, and (4) the background has been colored to be exactly the same gray hue in all photographs with no shadows. Given their highly controlled nature, these faces are optimal for experiments aiming to homogenize non-face properties, such as lighting or clothing. We are making the face set open for the benefit of the broader research community, and request that in turn, data collected in response to the faces be made open and linked to the original face database (please cite this technical report). This report presents a high-level summary of the faces using behavioral data (free-response descriptions and emotion categorizations), but these data do not necessarily capture the scope of potential research designs that the stimuli could support. If authors collect relevant pilot data on these stimuli for specific research questions, our hope is that such data can becollaboratively linked to the face set for the community to utilize.

scholarly journals What speakers do and what addressees look at

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Gullberg ◽  
Kenneth Holmqvist
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Joint Attention ◽  
Gaze Following ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Fixation Target ◽  
Attraction Force ◽  
Social Effect ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face

This study investigates whether addressees visually attend to speakers’ gestures in interaction and whether attention is modulated by changes in social setting and display size. We compare a live face-to-face setting to two video conditions. In all conditions, the face dominates as a fixation target and only a minority of gestures draw fixations. The social and size parameters affect gaze mainly when combined and in the opposite direction from the predicted with fewer gestures fixated on video than live. Gestural holds and speakers’ gaze at their own gestures reliably attract addressees’ fixations in all conditions. The attraction force of holds is unaffected by changes in social and size parameters, suggesting a bottom-up response, whereas speaker-fixated gestures draw significantly less attention in both video conditions, suggesting a social effect for overt gaze-following and visual joint attention. The study provides and validates a video-based paradigm enabling further experimental but ecologically valid explorations of cross-modal information processing.

scholarly journals Plasma donors in the social and information field in a pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol IX(258) (47) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
A. Litovchenko ◽  
D. Boiko ◽  
O. Nekhaienko ◽  
O. Muradyan ◽  
D. Yashkina
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Fixed Position ◽  
Social Responses ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Effective Inclusion ◽  
High Level

The article presents the results of a study of plasma donors as an agent of information impact in a pandemic situation. The key problem is the need to socially advance anti-pandemic measures in the face of poorly managed social responses to the fight against a pandemic. The analysis of the research results demonstrates a sufficiently high level of rational critical thinking of plasma donors in relation to being informed about the pandemic and combating it. It is concluded that the fixed position of plasma donors in the information space creates a stable foundation for the effective inclusion of this group in the processes of information support of anti-pandemic measures.

scholarly journals Effects of individuation and grouping on face representations in the visual cortex

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyehyeon Kim ◽  
Gayoung Kim ◽  
Sue-Hyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Face Perception ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Identity Recognition ◽  
Face Area ◽  
The Face ◽  
Early Visual Cortex ◽  
High Level

AbstractTop-down signals can influence our visual perception by providing guidance on information processing. Especially, top-down control between two basic frameworks, “Individuation” and “grouping”, is critical for information processing during face perception. Individuation of faces supports identity recognition while grouping subserves higher category level face perception such as race or gender. However, it still remains elusive how top-down dependent control between individuation and grouping affects cortical representations during face perception. Here we performed an fMRI experiment to investigate whether representations across early and high-level visual areas can be altered by top-down control between individuation and grouping process during face perception. Focusing on neural response patterns across the early visual cortex (EVC) and the face-selective area (the fusiform face area (FFA)), we found that the discriminability of individual faces from the response patterns was strong in the FFA but weak in the EVC during the individuation task whereas the EVC but not the FFA showed significant face discrimination during the grouping tasks. Thus, these findings suggest that the representation of face information across the early and high-level visual cortex is flexible depending on the top-down control of the perceptual framework between individuation and grouping.

scholarly journals Specificity of Cognitive Bias in Recognition of Emotions in the Face in Old Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-79
Author(s):  
A.I. Melehin ◽  
E.A. Sergienko
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Accurate Definition ◽  
The Face ◽  
Recognition Of Emotions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cognitive Shift

The article shows that in comparison with people aged 55-60 years in the groups of 61-74 and 75-90 years there are symptoms of age-specific socio-cognitive deficits in the recognition of emotions: changes in response time to emotional stimulus in the direction of slowdown; difficulties in fine differentiation of emotions of joy and sadness; the effect of high emotional intensity for a more accurate definition of emotions; cognitive shift in attention and interpretation of socio-emotional information. At a later age, there is a combined cognitive bias in the recognition of emotions in the face. More dominated bya positive shift. Unlike people 75-90 years in groups 55-60 and 61-74 years better recognize emotions of fear and sadness, than 75-90 years. It is more difficult to recognize anger at a later age. The lack of definition of neutral emotional expressions, which is accompanied by the phenomenon of depressive displacement, is described. General and age-specific predictors of recognition and differentiation of emotions in the face at a later age are identified.

What Can We Learn From Factorial Surveys About Human Behavior?

Methodology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Petzold ◽  
Tobias Wolbring
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Factorial Survey ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Intended Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Survey Experiments ◽  
High Level

Abstract. Factorial survey experiments are increasingly used in the social sciences to investigate behavioral intentions. The measurement of self-reported behavioral intentions with factorial survey experiments frequently assumes that the determinants of intended behavior affect actual behavior in a similar way. We critically investigate this fundamental assumption using the misdirected email technique. Student participants of a survey were randomly assigned to a field experiment or a survey experiment. The email informs the recipient about the reception of a scholarship with varying stakes (full-time vs. book) and recipient’s names (German vs. Arabic). In the survey experiment, respondents saw an image of the same email. This validation design ensured a high level of correspondence between units, settings, and treatments across both studies. Results reveal that while the frequencies of self-reported intentions and actual behavior deviate, treatments show similar relative effects. Hence, although further research on this topic is needed, this study suggests that determinants of behavior might be inferred from behavioral intentions measured with survey experiments.

ПРАГМАТИЧНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ НАТИВНОЇ РЕКЛАМИ: ФОРМИ, ТРЕНДИ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ НАТИВНОГО КОНТЕНТУ В СОЦІАЛЬНІЙ МЕРЕЖІ FACEBOOK ЩОДО БРЕНДА ФАКУЛЬТЕТУ ЖУРНАЛІСТИКИ ЗНУ)

2020 ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
V. Kovpak ◽  
N. Trotsenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
The Social ◽  
National University ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

<div><p><em>The article analyzes the peculiarities of the format of native advertising in the media space, its pragmatic potential (in particular, on the example of native content in the social network Facebook by the brand of the journalism department of ZNU), highlights the types and trends of native advertising. The following research methods were used to achieve the purpose of intelligence: descriptive (content content, including various examples), comparative (content presentation options) and typological (types, trends of native advertising, in particular, cross-media as an opportunity to submit content in different formats (video, audio, photos, text, infographics, etc.)), content analysis method using Internet services (using Popsters service). And the native code for analytics was the page of the journalism department of Zaporizhzhya National University on the social network Facebook. After all, the brand of the journalism department of Zaporozhye National University in 2019 celebrates its 15th anniversary. The brand vector is its value component and professional training with balanced distribution of theoretical and practical blocks (seven practices), student-centered (democratic interaction and high-level teacher-student dialogue) and integration into Ukrainian and world educational process (participation in grant programs).</em></p></div><p><em>And advertising on social networks is also a kind of native content, which does not appear in special blocks, and is organically inscribed on one page or another and unobtrusively offers, just remembering the product as if «to the word». Popsters service functionality, which evaluates an account (or linked accounts of one person) for 35 parameters, but the main three areas: reach or influence, or how many users evaluate, comment on the recording; true reach – the number of people affected; network score – an assessment of the audience’s response to the impact, or how far the network information diverges (how many share information on this page).</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> nativeness, native advertising, branded content, special project, communication strategy.</em></p>

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