scholarly journals Estimating the long-term repeatability of food-hoarding behaviours in an avian predator

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 20210286
Author(s):  
Barbara Class ◽  
Giulia Masoero ◽  
Julien Terraube ◽  
Erkki Korpimäki
Keyword(s):  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Food Hoarding ◽  
Main Prey ◽  
Avian Predator ◽  
Unpredictable Environments ◽  
Prey Mass ◽  
Individual Strategies ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Prey Items

Food-hoarding behaviour is widespread in the animal kingdom and enables predictable access to food resources in unpredictable environments. Within species, consistent variation among individuals in food-hoarding behaviours may indicate the existence of individual strategies, as it likely captures intrinsic differences in how individuals cope with risks (e.g. starvation, pilferage). Using 17 years of data, we estimated the long-term repeatability of 10 food-hoarding behaviours in a population of Eurasian pygmy owls ( Glaucidium passerinum ), a small avian predator subject to high temporal fluctuations in its main prey abundance. We found low repeatability in the proportion of shrews and the average prey mass stored for both sexes, while females were moderately repeatable in the mass and the number of prey items stored. These two pairs of behaviours were tightly correlated among individuals and might represent two different sets of individual strategies to buffer against starvation risks.

Cultured Monkeys

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 410-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Huffman ◽  
Charmalie A.D. Nahallage ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Leca
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Japanese Macaques ◽  
Mediated Learning ◽  
Research Paradigm ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Integrative Research ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Term Maintenance

Sixty years ago, the notion that animals could have culture was unthinkable to most behavioral scientists. Today, evidence for innovation, transmission, acquisition, long-term maintenance, and intergroup variation of behavior exists throughout the animal kingdom. What can the longitudinal and comparative study of monkeys handling stones tell us about how culture evolved in humans? Now in its 30th year, the systematic study of stone-handling behavior in multiple troops of Japanese macaques has shown that socially mediated learning is essential to explain the spread, persistence, and transformation of individual behavioral innovations among group members. The integrative research paradigm presented here can be applied to the study of various candidate behavioral traditions in other species.

scholarly journals Social foraging in vampire bats is predicted by long-term cooperative relationships

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon P. Ripperger ◽  
Gerald G. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Social Evolution ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Food Sharing ◽  
Social Foraging ◽  
Social Grooming ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
Vampire Bats ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Access To Food

AbstractStable social bonds in group-living animals can provide greater access to food. A striking example is that female vampire bats often regurgitate blood to socially bonded kin and nonkin that failed in their nightly hunt. Food-sharing relationships form via preferred associations and social grooming within roosts. However, it remains unclear whether these cooperative relationships extend beyond the roost. To evaluate if long-term cooperative relationships in vampire bats play a role in foraging, we tested if foraging encounters measured by proximity sensors could be explained by wild roosting proximity, kinship, or rates of co-feeding, social grooming, and food sharing during 22 months in captivity. We assessed evidence for six hypothetical scenarios of social foraging, ranging from individual to collective hunting. We found that female vampire bats departed their roost individually, but often re-united far outside the roost. Nonrandomly repeating foraging encounters were predicted by within-roost association and histories of cooperation in captivity, even when controlling for kinship. Foraging bats demonstrated both affiliative and competitive interactions and a previously undescribed call type. We suggest that social foraging could have implications for social evolution if ‘local’ cooperation within the roost and ‘global’ competition outside the roost enhances fitness interdependence between frequent roostmates.

scholarly journals Long-term changes in trophic patterns of Iceland cod and linkages to main prey stock sizes

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1488-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ólafur K. Pálsson ◽  
Höskuldur Björnsson
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
Type I ◽  
Feeding Response ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Stock Size ◽  
Main Prey ◽  
Northern Shrimp ◽  
Long Term Changes

Abstract Pálsson, Ó. K., and Björnsson, H. 2011. Long-term changes in trophic patterns of Iceland cod and linkages to main prey stock sizes. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1488–1499. Data on the diet composition of Iceland cod (Gadus morhua) were collected in March of the years 1981–2010 and in autumn of the years 1988–2010. Capelin, northern shrimp, and euphausiids dominate the diet in all years and may be classified as the stable food of Iceland cod. Overall, total consumption by the smallest cod (20–29 cm) remained stable over the three decades, whereas that of larger fish has declined since the mid-1990s. This decline may explain the reduced growth rate of cod in recent years. Long-term, prey-specific patterns were identified in consumption, and significant trophic links were found between cod consumption and stock sizes of capelin and northern shrimp. In March, the correlation between cod consumption on capelin and capelin stock size was highly significant, a type I functional feeding response, but not significant in autumn. The correlation deteriorated in the early to mid-1990s and in the early 2000s. Increased inflow of Atlantic water into north Icelandic waters, and associated changes in capelin distribution, may have contributed to this trend. The interaction between cod consumption on northern shrimp and shrimp stock size showed a highly significant type I functional feeding response in both seasons.

Trophic ecology of large pelagic fish in the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. Albuquerque ◽  
A. F. Navia ◽  
T. Vaske ◽  
O. Crespo ◽  
F. H. V. Hazin
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Saint Paul ◽  
Pelagic Fish ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Trophic Relationships ◽  
Main Prey ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Saint Peter ◽  
Prey Items

Trophic relationships of large pelagic predators can determine the structure and dynamics of oceanic food webs. The feeding habits and trophic ecology of five large pelagic fish (Acanthocybium solandri, Coryphaena hippurus, Elagatis bipinnulata, Thunnus albacares and Thunnus atlanticus) in the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago were evaluated to determine whether there is a trophic-niche overlap or resource partitioning among them. Eighty prey items found in 1528 stomachs were identified and grouped into Cephalopoda, Cnidaria, Crustacea, Gastropoda, Teleostei and Tunicata. Exocoetidae and Scombridae were the main prey in the diet of Acanthocybium solandri. In C. hippurus, Cheilopogon cyanopterus and Exocoetus volitans were the most important prey items, whereas C. cyanopterus was the main prey for T. albacares. Thunnus atlanticus consumed a great proportion of invertebrate species, with shrimps of Sergestidae family being particularly important. The gastropod Cavolinia sp. was the most important prey for E. bipinnulata. The five species had a high trophic specialisation and a high trophic level (>4.4), whereas most dietary overlaps were consistently low. The most important factor for diet dissimilarity was the consumption of Exocoetidade. All species were classified as top predators with varied diets, indicating their structural and functional importance in the food web of the Archipelago.

Nestling foods of the savannah sparrow

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Meunier ◽  
Jean Bédard
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Prey Abundance ◽  
Large Prey ◽  
Passerculus Sandwichensis ◽  
Main Prey ◽  
Savannah Sparrow ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Prey Items

The diet of savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) nestlings was monitored at Îsle Verte, Québec, during the 1980 breeding season. Adults carried exclusively arthropods to the nest. The main prey types found were Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera larvae, larval and adult Diptera and Homoptera. The proportion of different prey types in the diet varied during the season but there was no close relationship between temporal changes in the indices of prey abundance in the habitat and the type of prey chosen by the adult birds. Both the type and size of prey brought to the nest changed with the age and number of nestlings (aged 4–10 days). The proportion of Homoptera in the diet decreased sharply with age while that of Lepidoptera and Diptera increased. Adults feeding broods of four brought a larger proportion of large prey items (Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera larvae) than those feeding broods of a lesser size; to these they brought a larger proportion of smaller items such as Diptera and adult Lepidoptera. Males and females brought the same major prey types to the nest but not in the same proportions.

Memory of prey larders in golden orb-web spiders, Nephila clavipes (Araneae: Nephilidae)

Behaviour ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 150 (12) ◽  
pp. 1345-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael L. Rodríguez ◽  
Robb C. Kolodziej ◽  
Gerlinde Höbel
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Nephila Clavipes ◽  
Food Hoarding ◽  
Orb Web ◽  
Orb Web Spiders ◽  
Prey Items

Nephila clavipes spiders accumulate prey larders on their webs. We conducted a field experiment to ask if the spiders search for larders that have been pilfered (experimentally mimicking the potential effect of kleptoparasites), and to ask if the spiders vary their search efforts according to the size of the larder. All spiders searched for larders removed from their web, and spiders that lost larger larders (i.e., consisting of more prey items) searched for longer intervals. We thus suggest that N. clavipes form memories of the size of the larders they have accumulated, and that they use those memories to regulate recovery efforts when the larders are pilfered. The content of those memories may include discrete prey counts or the accumulation of a continuous variable correlated with counts, such as the total mass of captured prey. We discuss the adaptive significance of this ability in the framework of costs related to kleptoparasites and the ecology of food hoarding.

The Diet of the Nestling Noisy Scrub-Bird, Atrichornis Clamosus.

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
GT Smith ◽  
MC Calver
Keyword(s):  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Main Prey ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Prey Items ◽  
Combined Data

The diet of nestling noisy scrub-birds, Atrichornis clamosus, was determined from observations at 12 nests and from examination of 718 faecal sacs. Nestlings were fed invertebrates of 18 orders plus a few small vertebrates. There was no significant difference in the proportions of the various taxa as determined from observational and faecal sac data. The most common prey from the combined data were Araneida (35%), Orthoptera (29%), larvae (13%), Blattodea (7%), Hymenoptera (4%), Chilopoda (3%), and Lumbricidae (2%). There were significant differences between the proportions of the main prey items between years, within years and within territories. There were no significant differences in the type of prey fed at different ages. The data suggest that the female noisy scrub-bird is a generalist predator when feeding her young.

Toward Mastery of Psychotic Symptoms: A Group Phenomenon

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 702-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary V. Seeman
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Distress ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Outpatient Group ◽  
Individual Strategies ◽  
Sense Of Mastery

This paper describes a long-term, weekly, outpatient group for the management of recurrent psychotic manifestations. Emphasis is on the development of individual strategies that attenuate symptom distress and reinforce the sense of mastery. Illustrations are drawn from events occurring over the course of the life of the group.

Distribution, abundance and diet of the Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata)

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nausheen Irshad ◽  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Riaz Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Sajid Nadeem
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Patchy Distribution ◽  
Main Prey ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Maximum Elevation ◽  
Prey Items

Endangered species often inhabit specific habitats and are dependent on specific prey. The Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) is an “endangered”, inimitable mammal currently in jeopardy in Pakistan. Very little data are available about its ecology that could serve as baseline for its conservation. In the current study, we investigated the Indian pangolin’s distribution, abundance and diet in four districts of Potohar Plateau. The species was found evenly distributed in two study districts, while it showed patchy distribution in the remaining two districts, and it occurred up to a maximum elevation of 862 m a.s.l. Population density showed a sharp and significant decline over a period of three years from 2010 to 2013. Faecal matter of the species was found to contain remains of ants (head, abdominal parts, legs) as the second-most voluminous component of the droppings, following soil or clay. Remains of other food sources, like termites, bugs, wood and grasses, were found in minor percentages. Our study reveals that the main prey items of Indian pangolins include two species of black ants (Camponotus confucii and Camponotus compressus), and one species of termite (Odontotermis obesus). The recorded population decline indicates that conservation measures may be needed.

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