John Wyrill Christian. 9 April 1926 — 27 February 2001

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 71-94
Author(s):  
George D. W. Smith ◽  
Harshad K. D. H. Bhadeshia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Martensitic Transformations ◽  
Metals And Alloys ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Metallurgy ◽  
Impurity Effects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Successive Generations

During a distinguished career, John Wyrill (‘Jack') Christian had a profound impact on the subject of materials science, particularly physical metallurgy. He was recognized as a world authority on martensitic transformations, and laid the foundations forthe modern understanding of this topic. His monumental two–volume work, The theory of phase transformations in metals and alloys , is the classic authoritative treatise on the subject, and remains one of the most important texts ever published in the area of materials science. It redefined the whole field of phase transformations, set new standards of intellectual rigour and comprehensiveness, and inspired successive generations ofscientists to follow in his footsteps. He was also a pioneer in the study of the mechanical properties of metals and alloys, particularly those having the body–centred cubic structure. He and his students played a key role in establishing that the low–temperature mechanical properties ofthis important class of metals are controlled by intrinsic dislocation–lattice interactions and not by impurity effects. He contributed tothe study of many other topics in materials science, including the structure of interfaces, the mechanism of deformation twinning, and the properties of stacking faults. He was the recipient of numerous national and international awards for his work. His researches, which were always characterized by precision and deep physical insight, have stood the test of time.

Perspective on “Corrosion and Passivity of Ti-13% Nb-13% Zr in Comparison to Other Biomedical Implant Alloys,” S.Y. Yu, J.R. Scully, Corrosion 53, 12 (1997): p. 965-976

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3628 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sannakaisa Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Metals And Alloys ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biodegradable Implants ◽  
Biomedical Implants ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Biomedical Implant ◽  
Mechanistic Understanding ◽  
Implant Alloys

Abstract: Corrosion of biomedical implants is a risk for safe applications of metals for healing in the body. Therefore, for implants that are designed to be permanent (in contrast to biodegradable implants), highly corrosion resistant metals and alloys are used—most notably titanium and its alloys. This perspective discusses a paper that reported on the corrosion behavior of a number of Ti-based implant alloys, from a viewpoint of materials science and a detailed mechanistic understanding of passivity.

scholarly journals Toward a corporal architecture building about the body

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Hendershott
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
The Body ◽  
Symbolic Language ◽  
Material Interfaces ◽  
Global Space ◽  
Portable Computing ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Standardized Measurement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Throughout history the human body has formed the subject, defined the scale and proportion, and inspired the tectonic and symbolic language of architecture. While modern methods sought to codify the body for the purposes of standardized measurement, ergonomics, and the development of building codes, the implications derived from this approach have resulted in limited and standardized procedures for designing space in relation to the body. Recent advances in materials science, portable computing, and sensing technologies have opened up several possibilities for a deeper level of engagement and interaction between the body and its environment. As wireless communications continue to blur the boundaries between personal and global space, new dialogues are emerging that implicate both intimate material interfaces and wider organizational frameworks. Introducing the notion of ‘wearable space’, parallels between fashion and architecture are drawn as a means of re-examining the relationship between the body, clothing and architecture; the first, second and third skin of the body respectively.

scholarly journals Toward a corporal architecture building about the body

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Hendershott
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
The Body ◽  
Symbolic Language ◽  
Material Interfaces ◽  
Global Space ◽  
Portable Computing ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Standardized Measurement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Throughout history the human body has formed the subject, defined the scale and proportion, and inspired the tectonic and symbolic language of architecture. While modern methods sought to codify the body for the purposes of standardized measurement, ergonomics, and the development of building codes, the implications derived from this approach have resulted in limited and standardized procedures for designing space in relation to the body. Recent advances in materials science, portable computing, and sensing technologies have opened up several possibilities for a deeper level of engagement and interaction between the body and its environment. As wireless communications continue to blur the boundaries between personal and global space, new dialogues are emerging that implicate both intimate material interfaces and wider organizational frameworks. Introducing the notion of ‘wearable space’, parallels between fashion and architecture are drawn as a means of re-examining the relationship between the body, clothing and architecture; the first, second and third skin of the body respectively.

The Nature of Delta Phase Precipitation in Inconel 718

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 724-725
Author(s):  
L. S. Lin ◽  
C. C. Law
Keyword(s):  
Inconel 718 ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Physical Metallurgy ◽  
Nickel Base Alloy ◽  
Phase Precipitation ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Delta Phase ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Nickel Base

Inconel 718, a precipitation hardenable nickel-base alloy, is a versatile high strength, weldable wrought alloy that is used in the gas turbine industry for components operated at temperatures up to about 1300°F. The nominal chemical composition is 0.6A1-0.9Ti-19.OCr-18.0Fe-3Mo-5.2(Cb + Ta)- 0.1C with the balance Ni (in weight percentage). The physical metallurgy of IN 718 has been the subject of a number of investigations and it is now established that hardening is due, primarily, to the formation of metastable, disc-shaped γ" an ordered body-centered tetragonal structure (DO2 2 type superlattice).

Diaghilev and British Writing

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-92
Author(s):  
Susan Jones
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Responses ◽  
Literary Aesthetics ◽  
Ballets Russes ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Opening Up

This article explores the diversity of British literary responses to Diaghilev's project, emphasising the way in which the subject matter and methodologies of Diaghilev's modernism were sometimes unexpectedly echoed in expressions of contemporary British writing. These discussions emerge both in writing about Diaghilev's work, and, more discretely, when references to the Russian Ballet find their way into the creative writing of the period, serving to anchor the texts in a particular cultural milieu or to suggest contemporary aesthetic problems in the domain of literary aesthetics developing in the period. Figures from disparate fields, including literature, music and the visual arts, brought to their criticism of the Ballets Russes their individual perspectives on its aesthetics, helping to consolidate the sense of its importance in contributing to the inter-disciplinary flavour of modernism across the arts. In the field of literature, not only did British writers evaluate the Ballets Russes in terms of their own poetics, their relationship to experimentation in the novel and in drama, they developed an increasing sense of the company's place in dance history, its choreographic innovations offering material for wider discussions, opening up the potential for literary modernism's interest in impersonality and in the ‘unsayable’, discussions of the body, primitivism and gender.

Compulsive Bodies, Creative Bodies: Beckett'sQuadand Agency in the 21stCentury

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Amanda Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Human Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Repetitive Movement ◽  
Repetitive Tasks ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Object Oriented Ontology ◽  
Geological Space ◽  
Alternative Reading

Lying in ditches, tromping through mud, wedged in urns, trash bins, buried in earth, bodies in Beckett appear anything but capable of acting meaningfully on their environments. Bodies in Beckett seem, rather, synonymous with abjection, brokenness, and passivity—as if the human were overcome by its materiality: odours, pain, foot sores, decreased mobility. To the extent that Beckett's personae act, they act vaguely (wandering) or engage in quasi-obsessive, repetitive tasks: maniacal rocking, rotating sucking stones and biscuits, uttering words evacuated of sense, ceaseless pacing. Perhaps the most vivid dramatization of bodies compelled to meaningless, repetitive movement is Quad (1981), Beckett's ‘ballet’ for television, in which four bodies in hooded robes repeat their series ad infinitum. By 1981, has all possibility for intentional action in Beckett been foreclosed? Are we doomed, as Hamm puts it, to an eternal repetition of the same? (‘Moments for nothing, now as always, time was never and time is over, reckoning closed and story ended.’)This article proposes an alternative reading of bodily abjection, passivity and compulsivity in Beckett, a reading that implies a version of agency more capacious than voluntarism. Focusing on Quad as an illustrative case, I show how, if we shift our focus from the body's diminished possibilities for movement to the imbrication of Beckett's personae in environments (a mound of earth), things, and objects, a different story emerges: rather than dramatizing the impossibility of action, Beckett's work may sketch plans for a more ecological, post-human version of agency, a more collaborative mode of ‘acting’ that eases the divide between the human, the world of inanimate objects, and the earth.Movements such as new materialism and object-oriented ontology challenge hierarchies among subjects, objects and environments, questioning the rigid distinction between animate and inanimate, and the notion of the Anthropocene emphasizes the influence of human activity on social and geological space. A major theoretical challenge that arises from such discourses (including 20th-century challenges to the idea of an autonomous, willing, subject) is to arrive at an account of agency robust enough to survive if not the ‘death of the subject’ then its imbrication in the material and social environment it acts upon. Beckett's treatment of the human body suggests a version of agency that draws strength from a body's interaction with its environment, such that meaning is formed in the nexus between body and world. Using the example of Quad, I show how representations of the body in Beckett disturb the opposition between compulsivity (when a body is driven to move or speak in the absence of intention) and creative invention. In Quad, serial repetition works to create an interface between body and world that is receptive to meanings outside the control of a human will. Paradoxically, compulsive repetition in Beckett, despite its uncomfortable closeness to addiction, harnesses a loss of individual control that proposes a more versatile and ecologically mindful understanding of human action.

Predicting the citation and impact factor of terms for scientific publications using machine learning algorithms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey Klokov ◽  
Evgenii Slobodyuk ◽  
Michael Charnine
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Text Data ◽  
Semantic Relationships ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Environment

The object of the research when writing the work was the body of text data collected together with the scientific advisor and the algorithms for processing the natural language of analysis. The stream of hypotheses has been tested against computer science scientific publications through a series of simulation experiments described in this dissertation. The subject of the research is algorithms and the results of the algorithms, aimed at predicting promising topics and terms that appear in the course of time in the scientific environment. The result of this work is a set of machine learning models, with the help of which experiments were carried out to identify promising terms and semantic relationships in the text corpus. The resulting models can be used for semantic processing and analysis of other subject areas.

Ultrasonic Torsion Welding of Aging Resistant Al/CFRP Joints - Concepts, Mechanical and Microstructural Properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Staab ◽  
Frank Balle ◽  
Johannes Born
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Ultrasonic Welding ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Engineering Structures

Multi-material-design offers high potential for weight saving and optimization of engineering structures but inherits challenges as well, especially robust joining methods and long-term properties of hybrid structures. The application of joining techniques like ultrasonic welding allows a very efficient design of multi-material-components to enable further use of material specific advantages and are superior concerning mechanical properties.The Institute of Materials Science and Engineering of the University of Kaiserslautern (WKK) has a long-time experience on ultrasonic welding of dissimilar materials, for example different kinds of CFRP, light metals, steels or even glasses and ceramics. The mechanical properties are mostly optimized by using ideal process parameters, determined through statistical test planning methods.This gained knowledge is now to be transferred to application in aviation industry in cooperation with CTC GmbH and Airbus Operations GmbH. Therefore aircraft-related materials are joined by ultrasonic welding. The applied process parameters are recorded and analyzed in detail to be interlinked with the resulting mechanical properties of the hybrid joints. Aircraft derived multi-material demonstrators will be designed, manufactured and characterized with respect to their monotonic and fatigue properties as well as their resistance to aging.

scholarly journals Novel Hydrogels of Chitosan and Poly (vinyl alcohol) Reinforced with Inorganic Particles of Bioactive Glass

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
O. Sánchez-Aguinagalde ◽  
Ainhoa Lejardi ◽  
Emilio Meaurio ◽  
Rebeca Hernández ◽  
Carmen Mijangos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inorganic Particles ◽  
Release Studies

Chitosan (CS) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels, a polymeric system that shows a broad potential in biomedical applications, were developed. Despite the advantages they present, their mechanical properties are insufficient to support the loads that appear on the body. Thus, it was proposed to reinforce these gels with inorganic glass particles (BG) in order to improve mechanical properties and bioactivity and to see how this reinforcement affects levofloxacin drug release kinetics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), swelling tests, rheology and drug release studies characterized the resulting hydrogels. The experimental results verified the bioactivity of these gels, showed an improvement of the mechanical properties and proved that the added bioactive glass does affect the release kinetics.

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