scholarly journals A biomaterials approach to peripheral nerve regeneration: bridging the peripheral nerve gap and enhancing functional recovery

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (67) ◽  
pp. 202-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Daly ◽  
L. Yao ◽  
D. Zeugolis ◽  
A. Windebank ◽  
A. Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Axonal Regrowth ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Microsurgical Techniques ◽  
Cell Material Interactions

Microsurgical techniques for the treatment of large peripheral nerve injuries (such as the gold standard autograft) and its main clinically approved alternative—hollow nerve guidance conduits (NGCs)—have a number of limitations that need to be addressed. NGCs, in particular, are limited to treating a relatively short nerve gap (4 cm in length) and are often associated with poor functional recovery. Recent advances in biomaterials and tissue engineering approaches are seeking to overcome the limitations associated with these treatment methods. This review critically discusses the advances in biomaterial-based NGCs, their limitations and where future improvements may be required. Recent developments include the incorporation of topographical guidance features and/or intraluminal structures, which attempt to guide Schwann cell (SC) migration and axonal regrowth towards their distal targets. The use of such strategies requires consideration of the size and distribution of these topographical features, as well as a suitable surface for cell–material interactions. Likewise, cellular and molecular-based therapies are being considered for the creation of a more conductive nerve microenvironment. For example, hurdles associated with the short half-lives and low stability of molecular therapies are being surmounted through the use of controlled delivery systems. Similarly, cells (SCs, stem cells and genetically modified cells) are being delivered with biomaterial matrices in attempts to control their dispersion and to facilitate their incorporation within the host regeneration process. Despite recent advances in peripheral nerve repair, there are a number of key factors that need to be considered in order for these new technologies to reach the clinic.

Use of electrospinning to construct biomaterials for peripheral nerve regeneration

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 761-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Quan ◽  
Biao Chang ◽  
Hao Ye Meng ◽  
Ruo Xi Liu ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injuries ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
New Process ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Innovative Techniques

AbstractA number of limitations associated with the use of hollow nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) require further discussion. Most importantly, the functional recovery outcomes after the placement of hollow NGCs are poor even after the successful bridging of peripheral nerve injuries. However, nerve regeneration scaffolds built using electric spinning have several advantages that may improve functional recovery. Thus, the present study summarizes recent developments in this area, including the key cells that are combined with the scaffold and associated with nerve regeneration, the structure and configuration of the electrospinning design (which determines the performance of the electrospinning scaffold), the materials the electrospinning fibers are composed of, and the methods used to control the morphology of a single fiber. Additionally, this study also discusses the processes underlying peripheral nerve regeneration. The primary goals of the present review were to evaluate and consolidate the findings of studies that used scaffolding biomaterials built by electrospinning used for peripheral nerve regeneration support. It is amazing that the field of peripheral nerve regeneration continues to consistently produce such a wide variety of innovative techniques and novel types of equipment, because the introduction of every new process creates an opportunity for advances in materials for nerve repair.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Schwann cell plasticity involved in peripheral nerve repair after injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (20) ◽  
pp. 3977-3989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluigi Nocera ◽  
Claire Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Critical Feature ◽  
Axonal Regrowth ◽  
De Novo Genes ◽  
Dynamic Cell

Abstract The great plasticity of Schwann cells (SCs), the myelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), is a critical feature in the context of peripheral nerve regeneration following traumatic injuries and peripheral neuropathies. After a nerve damage, SCs are rapidly activated by injury-induced signals and respond by entering the repair program. During the repair program, SCs undergo dynamic cell reprogramming and morphogenic changes aimed at promoting nerve regeneration and functional recovery. SCs convert into a repair phenotype, activate negative regulators of myelination and demyelinate the damaged nerve. Moreover, they express many genes typical of their immature state as well as numerous de-novo genes. These genes modulate and drive the regeneration process by promoting neuronal survival, damaged axon disintegration, myelin clearance, axonal regrowth and guidance to their former target, and by finally remyelinating the regenerated axon. Many signaling pathways, transcriptional regulators and epigenetic mechanisms regulate these events. In this review, we discuss the main steps of the repair program with a particular focus on the molecular mechanisms that regulate SC plasticity following peripheral nerve injury.

scholarly journals Schwann cell plasticity regulates neuroblastic tumor cell differentiation via epidermal growth factor-like protein 8

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Weiss ◽  
Sabine Taschner-Mandl ◽  
Lukas Janker ◽  
Andrea Bileck ◽  
Fikret Rifatbegovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Primary Repair ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Matricellular Protein ◽  
Neuroblastic Tumor ◽  
Plastic Potential ◽  
Neuroblastic Tumors

AbstractAdult Schwann cells (SCs) possess an inherent plastic potential. This plasticity allows SCs to acquire repair-specific functions essential for peripheral nerve regeneration. Here, we investigate whether stromal SCs in benign-behaving peripheral neuroblastic tumors adopt a similar cellular state. We profile ganglioneuromas and neuroblastomas, rich and poor in SC stroma, respectively, and peripheral nerves after injury, rich in repair SCs. Indeed, stromal SCs in ganglioneuromas and repair SCs share the expression of nerve repair-associated genes. Neuroblastoma cells, derived from aggressive tumors, respond to primary repair-related SCs and their secretome with increased neuronal differentiation and reduced proliferation. Within the pool of secreted stromal and repair SC factors, we identify EGFL8, a matricellular protein with so far undescribed function, to act as neuritogen and to rewire cellular signaling by activating kinases involved in neurogenesis. In summary, we report that human SCs undergo a similar adaptive response in two patho-physiologically distinct situations, peripheral nerve injury and tumor development.

scholarly journals IL-17F depletion accelerates chitosan conduit guided peripheral nerve regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feixiang Chen ◽  
Weihuang Liu ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Ping Wu ◽  
Ao Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury is a serious health problem and repairing long nerve deficits remains a clinical challenge nowadays. Nerve guidance conduit (NGC) serves as the most promising alternative therapy strategy to autografts but its repairing efficiency needs improvement. In this study, we investigated whether modulating the immune microenvironment by Interleukin-17F (IL-17F) could promote NGC mediated peripheral nerve repair. Chitosan conduits were used to bridge sciatic nerve defect in IL-17F knockout mice and wild-type mice with autografts as controls. Our data revealed that IL-17F knockout mice had improved functional recovery and axonal regeneration of sciatic nerve bridged by chitosan conduits comparing to the wild-type mice. Notably, IL-17F knockout mice had enhanced anti-inflammatory macrophages in the NGC repairing microenvironment. In vitro data revealed that IL-17F knockout peritoneal and bone marrow derived macrophages had increased anti-inflammatory markers after treatment with the extracts from chitosan conduits, while higher pro-inflammatory markers were detected in the Raw264.7 macrophage cell line, wild-type peritoneal and bone marrow derived macrophages after the same treatment. The biased anti-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages by IL-17F knockout probably contributed to the improved chitosan conduit guided sciatic nerve regeneration. Additionally, IL-17F could enhance pro-inflammatory factors production in Raw264.7 cells and wild-type peritoneal macrophages. Altogether, IL-17F may partially mediate chitosan conduit induced pro-inflammatory polarization of macrophages during nerve repair. These results not only revealed a role of IL-17F in macrophage function, but also provided a unique and promising target, IL-17F, to modulate the microenvironment and enhance the peripheral nerve regeneration.

Nerve repair: Experimental and clinical evaluation of neurotrophic factors in peripheral nerve regeneration

Injury ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth O. Johnson ◽  
Antonia Charchanti ◽  
Panayotis N. Soucacos
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

scholarly journals Local administration of icariin contributes to peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-hui Kou ◽  
Bao-guo Jiang ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Su-ping Niu ◽  
Zhi-yong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Local Administration

Functional Screening and Biosafety Identify of the Potential Application of Let-7a in Injured Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Chen ◽  
Qianyan Liu ◽  
Pan Wang ◽  
Tianmei Qian ◽  
Xinghui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Functional Screening ◽  
The Core

Abstract Proper supporting factor can possess the ability to enhance neuron regeneration, for instance, neurotrophic effects especially nerve growth factor (NGF). However, the in vivo applications of NGF are largely limited by its intrinsic disadvantages. Considering that let-7 targets and regulates NGF, and let-7 is also the core and harbor regulators in peripheral nerve repair and regeneration, we evaluated the potential application in clinical. We firstly screened the let-7a as the most ideal let-7 family molecular by gene expression analysis and functional approach. We further evaluated the in vivo safety, the cell permeability of 3 main cells in regeneration micro-environment, and the morphological and functional indicators. Our study provides an essential basis for in vivo application of let-7 and pictured a vision for the clinical translation of miRNA as a prospective alternative for regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals Gellan Gum-based luminal fillers for peripheral nerve regeneration: an in vivo study in the rat sciatic nerve repair model

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1059-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Carvalho ◽  
S. Wrobel ◽  
C. Meyer ◽  
C. Brandenberger ◽  
I. F. Cengiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Gellan Gum ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Rat Sciatic Nerve

This experimental work considers the innovative use of the biomaterial Gellan Gum (GG) as a luminal filler for nerve guidance channels.

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