scholarly journals Function and flexibility of object exploration in kea and New Caledonian crows

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 170652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Lambert ◽  
Martina Schiestl ◽  
Raoul Schwing ◽  
Alex H. Taylor ◽  
Gyula K. Gajdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Experiment ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Novel Objects ◽  
New Caledonian Crows ◽  
Functional Relevance ◽  
Corvus Moneduloides ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Prior Exploration

A range of non-human animals frequently manipulate and explore objects in their environment, which may enable them to learn about physical properties and potentially form more abstract concepts of properties such as weight and rigidity. Whether animals can apply the information learned during their exploration to solve novel problems, however, and whether they actually change their exploratory behaviour to seek functional information about objects have not been fully explored. We allowed kea ( Nestor notabilis ) and New Caledonian crows ( Corvus moneduloides ) to explore sets of novel objects both before and after encountering a task in which some of the objects could function as tools. Following this, subjects were given test trials in which they could choose among the objects they had explored to solve a tool-use task. Several individuals from both species performed above chance on these test trials, and only did so after exploring the objects, compared with a control experiment with no prior exploration phase. These results suggest that selection of functional tools may be guided by information acquired during exploration. Neither kea nor crows changed the duration or quality of their exploration after learning that the objects had a functional relevance, suggesting that birds do not adjust their behaviour to explicitly seek this information.

scholarly journals Research on the Fairness of MPACC Selection Based on Examiner Heterogeneity

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Zhuqian He ◽  
Jingjie Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of MPACC (Master of Professional Accountant) is a key step in the training of senior accounting personnel. This paper examines the relationship between examiner heterogeneity and MPACC second test scores. We try to clarify the reason for the unfair phenomenon because of the heterogeneity of examiners in MPACC second test results and seek ways to solve this problem. The study found that the MPACC second test results are unfair. This unfairness is caused by the heterogeneity of the examiner. However, standardized algorithms balance the differences in MPACC examiner heterogeneity. The regression model was constructed by using the MPACC second test scores before and after standardization, which verified the existence of examiner heterogeneity and the effect of the standardized algorithm on the examiner heterogeneity. This article is based on the differences of MPACC second test scores due to examiner’s heterogeneity. We propose the application of standardized algorithm, which will play an important role in improving the quality of MPACC enrollment and promoting the training of senior accounting personnel.

scholarly journals IMPROVING PERFORMANCE OF FEATURE EXTRACTION IN SFM ALGORITHMS FOR 3D SPARSE POINT CLOUD

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W17 ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
F. Condorelli ◽  
R. Higuchi ◽  
S. Nasu ◽  
F. Rinaudo ◽  
H. Sugawara
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Feature Points ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Manual Selection ◽  
Art And Architecture ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. The use of Structure-from-Motion algorithms is a common practice to obtain a rapid photogrammetric reconstruction. However, the performance of these algorithms is limited by the fact that in some conditions the resulting point clouds present low density. This is the case when processing materials from historical archives, such as photographs and videos, which generates only sparse point clouds due to the lack of necessary information in the photogrammetric reconstruction. This paper explores ways to improve the performance of open source SfM algorithms in order to guarantee the presence of strategic feature points in the resulting point cloud, even if sparse. To reach this objective, a photogrammetric workflow is proposed to process historical images. The first part of the workflow presents a method that allows the manual selection of feature points during the photogrammetric process. The second part evaluates the metric quality of the reconstruction on the basis of a comparison with a point cloud that has a different density from the sparse point cloud. The workflow was applied to two different case studies. Transformations of wall paintings of the Karanlık church in Cappadocia were analysed thanks to the comparison of 3D model resulting from archive photographs and a recent survey. Then a comparison was performed between the state of the Komise building in Japan, before and after restoration. The findings show that the method applied allows the metric scale and evaluation of the model also in bad condition and when only low-density point clouds are available. Moreover, this tool should be of great use for both art and architecture historians and geomatics experts, to study the evolution of Cultural Heritage.

Shifting students’ to experts’ complex systems knowledge

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Hansmann ◽  
Harald A. Mieg ◽  
Helmut W. Crott ◽  
Roland W. Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Scientific Models ◽  
Environmental Sciences ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Expert Support ◽  
Selection Of

This paper includes three analyses concerning: expert support in the selection of impact variables for scientific models relevant to environmental planning, the quality of students’ individual estimates of corresponding impacts before and after a group discussion, and the accuracy of artificially‐aggregated judgments of independent groups. Participants were students of environmental sciences at ETH Zurich. The first analysis revealed that during participation in an environmental case study, students’ individual estimates of impacts of variables which have been suggested by experts increased, as compared to the estimates of impacts of additional variables, which have been selected by the students. The remaining analyses consider group discussions on the strength of particular environmental impacts. The quality of the estimates was analyzed referring to expert estimates of the impacts.

scholarly journals Technique for Concurrent Internal Calibration during Data Acquisition for SAR Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1773
Author(s):  
Jens Reimann ◽  
Marco Schwerdt
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Nominal Data ◽  
Calibration Scheme ◽  
Internal Calibration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sar Data ◽  
Selection Of

Nowadays, stringent requirements for the quality of SAR data products exist. The radiometric and image quality requirements can only be fulfilled by knowing the disturbances caused by the radar hardware itself. The internal calibration is a mechanism to estimate these disturbances from the real hardware. Unfortunately, most of the current internal calibration schemes interrupt the SAR data acquisition during internal calibration and hence cause a loss of azimuth samples and a degradation of the image quality. The calibration is thus often performed only before and after a data take. However, these two calibration events are hardly sufficient to estimate the instrument parameters during the whole acquisition especially for long data takes, which will become more common in future SAR system. In this paper, an internal calibration scheme is introduced which allows performing the internal calibration during nominal data acquisition by injecting a coded calibration signal into the receiver with very low power. This signal causes only minor degradation of the SAR image but can be retrieved from the data using adequate signal processing. This technique is described, the theoretical performance estimated, and finally demonstrated on real data from the TerraSAR-X mission. A selection of possible coding scheme is also analyzed with respect to their suitability for the proposed internal calibration scheme.

scholarly journals Iatrogenic Injuries During Puncture Procedures Applied To Breast

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Tamara Pavlova ◽  
Aleksandr Vasilyev
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Iatrogenic Injuries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Malignant Breast ◽  
Quality Of Medical Care ◽  
Selection Of

Background: This article analyzes iatrogenic injuries of the breast that happen during puncture procedures. Methods and Results: We have analyzed the data of 2075 invasive diagnostic procedures related to both benign and malignant breast neoplasms, conducted in various healthcare facilities in the Russian Federation. A subcutaneous hematoma is the primary iatrogenic injury that occurs during breast puncture procedures conducted in Russian healthcare facilities. This is the most common complication during an ultrasound-guided CB (44.4%). The likelihood that this complication will occur is impossible to predict. Conclusion: The proper arrangements and patient follow-up before and after the biopsy, along with the selection of a proper invasive procedure for a pathologic neoplasm, will minimize the number of diagnostic iatrogenic injuries and improve the quality of medical care.

scholarly journals Employee Perceptions of Well-Being Programs

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice V Edwards ◽  
Susan Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Employee Perceptions ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Class Participation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Selection Of

Measuring the effectiveness of well-being programs in the workplace is important for optimizing the return on investment and selection of programs that meet organizational objectives. A pilot study was performed to assess employee well-being using the Happiness Mini-Survey and a one-sample pre–post study design intended to quickly allow employees to subjectively rate their well-being before and after participating in various classes as part of a well-being program. The findings demonstrated statistical significance in employee subjective ratings; they reported feeling better emotionally, physically, and mentally after participating in the classes. The employees’ self-rating for stress level also had statistically significant improvement after class participation. These findings are relevant for organizations that intend to offer and evaluate classes with an objective of increasing employee well-being. Recommendations for future studies include the use of more controlled conditions, and a control or comparison group to more robustly test for improvement over time, and the use of qualitative interviews to discover employees’ narratives of how workplace well-being programs can improve work productivity and quality of life.

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