scholarly journals Degradation of folic acid wastewater by electro-Fenton with three-dimensional electrode and its kinetic study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 170926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gu Xiaochao ◽  
Lu Xuebin ◽  
Tian Jin ◽  
Li Xiaoyun ◽  
Zhou Bin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Kinetics Analysis ◽  
Acid Decomposition ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimal Reaction

The three-dimensional electro-Fenton method was used in the folic acid wastewater pretreatment process. In this study, we researched the degradation of folic acid and the effects of different parameters such as the air sparging rate, current density, pH and reaction time on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in folic acid wastewater. A four-level and four-factor orthogonal test was designed and optimal reaction conditions to pretreat folic acid wastewater by three-dimensional electrode were determined: air sparge rate 0.75 l min −1 , current density 10.26 mA cm −2 , pH 5 and reaction time 90 min. Under these conditions, the removal of COD reached 94.87%. LC-MS results showed that the electro-Fenton method led to an initial folic acid decomposition into p -aminobenzoyl-glutamic acid (PGA) and xanthopterin (XA); then part of the XA was oxidized to pterine-6-carboxylic acid (PCA) and the remaining part of XA was converted to pterin and carbon dioxide. The kinetics analysis of the folic acid degradation process during pretreatment was carried out by using simulated folic acid wastewater, and it could be proved that the degradation of folic acid by using the three-dimensional electro-Fenton method was a second-order reaction process. This study provided a reference for industrial folic acid treatment.

scholarly journals A Novel Pseudomonas geniculata AGE Family Epimerase/Isomerase and Its Application in d-Mannose Synthesis

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1809
Author(s):  
Zhanzhi Liu ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Optimal Reaction ◽  
Gene Age

d-mannose has exhibited excellent physiological properties in the food, pharmaceutical, and feed industries. Therefore, emerging attention has been applied to enzymatic production of d-mannose due to its advantage over chemical synthesis. The gene age of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine 2-epimerase family epimerase/isomerase (AGEase) derived from Pseudomonas geniculata was amplified, and the recombinant P. geniculata AGEase was characterized. The optimal temperature and pH of P. geniculata AGEase were 60 °C and 7.5, respectively. The Km, kcat, and kcat/Km of P. geniculata AGEase for d-mannose were 49.2 ± 8.5 mM, 476.3 ± 4.0 s−1, and 9.7 ± 0.5 s−1·mM−1, respectively. The recombinant P. geniculata AGEase was classified into the YihS enzyme subfamily in the AGE enzyme family by analyzing its substrate specificity and active center of the three-dimensional (3D) structure. Further studies on the kinetics of different substrates showed that the P. geniculata AGEase belongs to the d-mannose isomerase of the YihS enzyme. The P. geniculata AGEase catalyzed the synthesis of d-mannose with d-fructose as a substrate, and the conversion rate was as high as 39.3% with the d-mannose yield of 78.6 g·L−1 under optimal reaction conditions of 200 g·L−1d-fructose and 2.5 U·mL−1P. geniculata AGEase. This novel P. geniculata AGEase has potential applications in the industrial production of d-mannose.

scholarly journals Synthesis of propylene carbonate from urea and 1,2-propylene glycol over metal carbonates

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiancheng Zhou ◽  
Wu Dongfang ◽  
Birong Zhang ◽  
Yali Guo
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Lead Carbonate ◽  
Synthetic Process ◽  
Metal Carbonates ◽  
Optimal Reaction ◽  
Mixed Carbonate

A series of single-metal carbonates and Pb-Zn mixed-metal carbonates were prepared as catalysts for alcoholysis of urea with 1,2-propylene glycol (PG) for the synthesis of propylene carbonate (PC). The mixed carbonates all show much better catalytic activities than the single carbonates, arising from a strong synergistic effect between the two crystalline phases, hydrozincite and lead carbonate. The mixed carbonate with Pb/Zn=1:2 gives the highest yield of PC, followed by the mixed carbonate with Pb/Zn=1:3. Furthermore, Taguchi method was used to optimize the synthetic process for improving the yield of PC. It is shown that the reaction temperature is the most significant factor affecting the yield of PC, followed by the reaction time, and that the optimal reaction conditions are the reaction time at 5 hours, the reaction temperature at 180 oC and the catalyst amount at 1.8 wt%, resulting in the highest PC yield of 96.3%.

Synthesis of a Ruthenium Complex Based on 2,6-Bis[1-(Pyridin-2-yl)-1H-Benzo[d]Imidazol-2-yl]Pyridine and Catalytic Oxidation of (1H-Benzo[d]-Imidazol-2-yl)Methanol to 1H-Benzo[d]Imidazole-2-Carbaldehyde with H2O2

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Shenggui Liu ◽  
Rongkai Pan ◽  
Wenyi Su ◽  
Guobi Li ◽  
Chunlin Ni
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Ruthenium Complex ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Optimal Reaction

2,6-Bis[1-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]-imidazol-2-yl]pyridine (bpbp), which has been synthesised by intramolecular thermocyclisation of N2,N6-bis[2-(pyridin-2-ylamino)phenyl]pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide, reacts with sodium pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate (pydic) and RuCl3 to give [Ru(bpbp)(pydic)] which can catalyse the oxidation of (1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol to 1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde by H2O2. The optimal reaction conditions were: molar ratios of catalyst to substrate to H2O2 set at 1: 1000: 3000; reaction temperature 50 °C; reaction time 5 h. The yield of (1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) methanol was 70%.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from a Novel Nonedible Feedstock, Soursop (Annona muricata L.) Seed Oil

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Hung Su ◽  
Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Uyen Pham ◽  
My Nguyen ◽  
Horng-Yi Juan
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
American Society ◽  
Optimal Reaction

This study investigated the optimal reaction conditions for biodiesel production from soursop (Annona muricata) seeds. A high oil yield of 29.6% (w/w) could be obtained from soursop seeds. Oil extracted from soursop seeds was then converted into biodiesel through two-step transesterification process. A highest biodiesel yield of 97.02% was achieved under optimal acid-catalyzed esterification conditions (temperature: 65 °C, 1% H2SO4, reaction time: 90 min, and a methanol:oil molar ratio: 10:1) and optimal alkali-catalyzed transesterification conditions (temperature: 65 °C, reaction time: 30 min, 0.6% NaOH, and a methanol:oil molar ratio: 8:1). The properties of soursop biodiesel were determined and most were found to meet the European standard EN 14214 and American Society for Testing and Materials standard D6751. This study suggests that soursop seed oil is a promising biodiesel feedstock and that soursop biodiesel is a viable alternative to petrodiesel.

Removal of phenol from steel wastewater by combined electrocoagulation with photo-Fenton

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1260-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Malakootian ◽  
Mohammad Reza Heidari
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Real Wastewater

Abstract Phenol and its derivatives are available in various industries such as refineries, coking plants, steel mills, drugs, pesticides, paints, plastics, explosives and herbicides industries. This substance is carcinogenic and highly toxic to humans. The purpose of the study was to investigate the removal of phenol from wastewater of the steel industry using the electrocoagulation–photo-Fenton (EC-PF) process. Phenol and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency were investigated using the parameters pH, Fe2+/H2O2, reaction time and current density. The highest removal efficiency rates of phenol and COD were 100 and 98%, respectively, for real wastewater under optimal conditions of pH = 4, current density = 1.5 mA/cm2, Fe2+/H2O2 = 1.5 and reaction time of 25 min. Combination of the two effective methods for the removal of phenol and COD, photocatalytic electrocoagulation photo-Fenton process is a suitable alternative for the removal of organic pollutants in industry wastewater because of the low consumption of chemicals, absence of sludge and other side products, and its high efficiency.

Study on Catalytic Performance of Supported HPW/C Catalyst for Diethyl Adipate Synthesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 1371-1374
Author(s):  
Ke Nian Wei ◽  
Bin Zhou ◽  
Jiang Quan Ma ◽  
Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Chemistry ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Reaction Performance ◽  
Optimal Reaction

HPW/C catalysts were prepared using impregnation method. The physical chemistry properties of the catalysts were characterized employing XRD and NH3-TPD.The effects of HPW loading, catalyst amount and reaction time on the catalyst performances were investigated. The results more acid content and active center contribute to the reaction performance. Under the optimal reaction conditions of 0.8g 29%(w) HPW/C as the catalyst, n(adipic acid): n(ethanol):n(toluene)=1:6:1,5h,the etherification rate was 97.3%.

Optimizing determination of plasma albumin by the bromcresol green dye-binding method.

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
W S Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Optimal Reaction ◽  
Bromcresol Green

Abstract Some modifications of the conditions of the reaction between plasma and bromcresol green have led to an improved method for determination of plasma albumin with the Vickers M300 multichannel analyzer. Dye concentration and reaction time are the factors principally influencing method specificity, but variable protein composition of human plasma also affects it, so that optimal reaction conditions vary from specimen to specimen. Thus a compromise must be reached such that the best conditions for determining plasma albumin over a range of different protein concentrations are achieved. In the proposed method for the Vickers M300 a reaction time of 12 s (the minimum possible) is used. Comparison with "rocket" immunoelectrophoresis gave the following linear regression: y = 10 + 0.79 x (n = 91; r = 0.96).

scholarly journals Treatment of folic acid wastewater by 3D Fe-N-TiO2/AC photoelectrocatalysis system

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 1919-1930
Author(s):  
Junwo Zhou ◽  
Zhen Zhou ◽  
Yong Gao ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
Manying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Film Coating ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Mechanism Study ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Film ◽  
Toc Removal

Abstract In this work, particles of activated carbon supported by Fe-N-TiO2 (Fe-N-TiO2/AC) were synthesized and used as the three-dimensional (3D) particle electrode for folic acid wastewater treatment in the 3D electrolysis and photocatalysis coupling process. The structure, morphology, and physical and electrochemical properties of the Fe-N-TiO2/AC particles were characterized, and the results showed that Fe-N-TiO2 was bound on the surface of AC particles by chemical attachment, and the Fe-N-TiO2/AC particles had better capability of adsorption and charge transfer as compared with the TiO2/AC particles. The effects of key operating parameters in the reaction process, including the current density (optimum 0.6 mA/cm2), aeration (optimum 5 L/min), pH value (optimum 5) and the ratio of Fe-N-TiO2/AC particles to cellulose acetate film coating AC particles (optimum 4:1), were optimized regarding the total oxygen carbon (TOC) removal. Under the optimum conditions, TOC removal from folic acid wastewater reached 82.4% during 120 min photoelectrocatalysis. The kinetic analysis and mechanism study showed that the degradation process fitted to the second-order kinetic model better than to the first-order, and the system exhibited synergistic effects in inhibiting photogenic electron–hole recombination and improving electrolytic efficiency. At the same time, this system has the ability to overcome the interference of the strong ionic strength in folic acid wastewater.

Synthesis of Butanone 1,2 - Propanediol Ketal by Sulfamic Acid as Catalyzed

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 276-279
Author(s):  
Yu Hang Zhao ◽  
Li Cui ◽  
Da Zhi Wang ◽  
Tong Kuan Xu ◽  
Yong Peng Li
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sulfamic Acid ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimal Reaction

Butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal was synthesized by butanone and 1,2-propanediol as raw materials and sulfamic acid as catalyst. The effects of the mole ratio of raw materials agent, the dosage of the water-carrying agent and catalyst, reaction time on the product yield were discussed separately. Experimental results showed that sulfamic acid was a suitable catalyst for synthesizing of butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal. And the optimal reaction conditions are as follows: the mole ratio of butanone to 1,2-propanediol is 1:1.5, the amount of the catalyst is 2.2%, the water-carrying agent is 25ml, the reaction temperature is 358-378K and reaction time 3h. In this condition, the yield of production could reach 93.8%.

scholarly journals A Green Synthesis of Polylimonene Using Maghnite-H+, an Exchanged Montmorillonite Clay, as Eco-Catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hodhaifa Derdar ◽  
Mohammed Belbachir ◽  
Amine Harrane
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Bulk Polymerization ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Optimal Reaction

A new green polymerization technique to synthesis polylimonene (PLM) is carried out in this work. This technique consists of using Maghnite-H+ as eco-catalyst to replace Friedel-Crafts catalysts which are toxics. Maghnite-H+ is a montmorillonite silicate sheet clay which is prepared through a simple exchange process. Polymerization experiments are performed in bulk and in solution using CH2Cl2 as solvent. Effect of reaction time, temperature and amount of catalyst is studied, in order to find the optimal reaction conditions. The polymerization in solution leads to the best yield (48.5%) at -5°C for a reaction time of 6 h but the bulk polymerization, that is performed at 25°C, remains preferred even if the yield is lower (40.3%) in order to respect the principles of a green chemistry which recommend syntheses under mild conditions, without solvents and at room temperature. The structure of the obtained polymer (PLM) is confirmed by FT-IR and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of proton (1H-NMR). The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polylimonene is defined using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and is between 113°C and 116°C. The molecular weight of the obtained polymer is determined by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) analysis and is about 1360 g/mol. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 26th May 2018; Revised: 11st September 2018; Accepted: 22nd September 2018; Available online: 25th January 2019; Published regularly: April 2019How to Cite: Derdar, H., Belbachir, M., Harrane, A. (2019). A Green Synthesis of Polylimonene Using Maghnite-H+, an Exchanged Montmorillonite Clay, as Eco-Catalyst. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 14 (1): 69-78 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.14.1.2692.69-78)Permalink/DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.14.1.2692.69-78 

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