scholarly journals Cytotoxicity studies of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles in chicken macrophage cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 191561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Zhang ◽  
Shu Wu ◽  
Yiru Shen ◽  
Yunqi Xiao ◽  
Lizeng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Cytokine Secretion ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Macrophage Cells ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chicken Macrophage ◽  
Different Doses

Magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 -NPs) have been widely investigated for their biomedical applications. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of different sizes of Fe 3 O 4 -NPs in chicken macrophage cells (HD11). Experimental groups based on three sizes of Fe 3 O 4 -NPs (60, 120 and 250 nm) were created, and the Fe 3 O 4 -NPs were added to the cells at different doses according to the experimental group. The cell activity, oxidative index (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)), apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion level were detected to analyse the cytotoxic effects of Fe 3 O 4 -NPs of different sizes in HD11 cells. The results revealed that the cell viability of the 60 nm Fe 3 O 4 -NPs group was lower than those of the 120 and 250 nm groups when the same concentration of Fe 3 O 4 -NPs was added. No significant difference in MDA was observed among the three Fe 3 O 4 -NP groups. The SOD level and ROS production of the 60 nm group were significantly greater than those of the 120 and 250 nm groups. Furthermore, the highest levels of apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion were caused by the 60 nm Fe 3 O 4 -NPs. In conclusion, the smaller Fe 3 O 4 -NPs produced stronger cytotoxicity in chicken macrophage cells, and the cytotoxic effects may be related to the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by increased ROS production as well as the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

scholarly journals The Toxic Mechanism of Gliotoxins and Biosynthetic Strategies for Toxicity Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13510
Author(s):  
Wei Ye ◽  
Taomei Liu ◽  
Weiyang Zhang ◽  
Weimin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Disulfide Bridge ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Toxic Mechanism ◽  
Tumor Agent ◽  
Different Doses

Gliotoxin is a kind of epipolythiodioxopiperazine derived from different fungi that is characterized by a disulfide bridge. Gliotoxins can be biosynthesized by a gli gene cluster and regulated by a positive GliZ regulator. Gliotoxins show cytotoxic effects via the suppression the function of macrophage immune function, inflammation, antiangiogenesis, DNA damage by ROS production, peroxide damage by the inhibition of various enzymes, and apoptosis through different signal pathways. In the other hand, gliotoxins can also be beneficial with different doses. Low doses of gliotoxin can be used as an antioxidant, in the diagnosis and treatment of HIV, and as an anti-tumor agent in the future. Gliotoxins have also been used in the control of plant pathogens, including Pythium ultimum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Thus, it is important to elucidate the toxic mechanism of gliotoxins. The toxic mechanism of gliotoxins and biosynthetic strategies to reduce the toxicity of gliotoxins and their producing strains are summarized in this review.

scholarly journals Correction to ‘Cytotoxicity studies of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles in chicken macrophage cells’

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 200641
Author(s):  
Shan Zhang ◽  
Shu Wu ◽  
Yiru Shen ◽  
Yunqi Xiao ◽  
Lizeng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macrophage Cells ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies ◽  
Chicken Macrophage

Inhibition of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion by Select Antioxidants in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Haas ◽  
Marilu Jurado-Flores ◽  
Ramadan Hammoud ◽  
Victoria Feng ◽  
Krista Gonzales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cytokine Secretion ◽  
Human Coronary Artery ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract. Inflammatory and oxidative stress in endothelial cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of premature atherosclerosis in diabetes. To determine whether high-dextrose concentrations induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) were exposed to either 5.5 or 27.5 mM dextrose for 24-hours and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) levels were measured by enzyme immunoassays. To determine the effect of antioxidants on inflammatory cytokine secretion, cells were also treated with α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and the glutathione peroxidase mimetic ebselen. Only the concentration of IL-1β in culture media from cells exposed to 27.5 mM dextrose increased relative to cells maintained in 5.5 mM dextrose. Treatment with α-tocopherol (10, 100, and 1,000 μM) and ascorbic acid (15, 150, and 1,500 μM) at the same time that the dextrose was added reduced IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels in culture media from cells maintained at 5.5 mM dextrose but had no effect on IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels in cells exposed to 27.5 mM dextrose. However, ebselen treatment reduced IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels in cells maintained in either 5.5 or 27.5 mM dextrose. IL-2 and TNF α concentrations in culture media were below the limit of detection under all experimental conditions studied suggesting that these cells may not synthesize detectable quantities of these cytokines. These results suggest that dextrose at certain concentrations may increase IL-1β levels and that antioxidants have differential effects on suppressing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in HCAEC.

scholarly journals Antioxidants, Phytochemicals, and Cytotoxicity Studies onPhaleria macrocarpa(Scheff.) Boerl Seeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Ma Lay ◽  
Saiful Anuar Karsani ◽  
Behrooz Banisalam ◽  
Sadegh Mohajer ◽  
Sri Nurestri Abd Malek
Keyword(s):  
Human Cancer ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Human Cancer Cells ◽  
Fiber Protein ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Lung Cell Line ◽  
Mcf 7

In recent years, the utilization of certain medicinal plants as therapeutic agents has drastically increased.Phaleria macrocarpa(Scheff.) Boerl is frequently used in traditional medicine. The present investigation was undertaken with the purpose of developing pharmacopoeial standards for this species. Nutritional values such as ash, fiber, protein, fat, and carbohydrate contents were investigated, and phytochemical screenings with different reagents showed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, saponin glycosides, phenolic compounds, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids. Our results also revealed that the water fraction had the highest antioxidant activity compared to the methanol extract and other fractions. The methanol and the fractionated extracts (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water) ofP. macrocarpaseeds were also investigated for their cytotoxic effects on selected human cancer cells lines (MCF-7, HT-29, MDA-MB231, Ca Ski, and SKOV-3) and a normal human fibroblast lung cell line (MRC-5). Information from this study can be applied for future pharmacological and therapeutic evaluations of the species, and may assist in the standardization for quality, purity, and sample identification. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the phytochemical screening and cytotoxic effect of the crude and fractionated extracts ofP. macrocarpaseeds on selected cells lines.

Abstract 1683: Ca2+/Redox-Sensitive Tyrosine Kinase PYK2 Promotes Atherogenesis through OxLDL/ROS/p21-Dependent Premature Senescence and Cytokine Induction in Endothelium

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asako Katsume ◽  
Mitsuhiko Okigaki ◽  
Akihiro Matsui ◽  
Shinichiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Eigo Kishita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Premature Senescence ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Cytokine Induction ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Calcium/redox-sensitive tyrosine kinase PYK2 plays crucial roles in cell migration. Analysis of PYK2-deficient macrophages has been reported that their directional migration was impaired due to dysfunction of PI3K, small GTPase Rho, and Ca (2+)-mobilization. Since monocyte/macrophage plays crucial role in atherogenesis, we newly generated the PYK2-knock-out mice and investigated the role of PYK2 in atherogenesis. Methods: PYK2−/− mice (P-KO) were crossbred with ApoE−/− mice (E-KO), and PYK2−/−/ApoE−/− double knockout (D-KO) mice were established. Four-week-old mice were fed with high-fat-diet for 8 weeks, and the thoracic aorta and aortic root were histologically analyzed. Then we studied the mechanisms of the difference in atherogenesis. Results: At the 8th week, atherosclerotic area of thoracic aorta in D-KO was less than E-KO (~54%, P < 0.01, n = 15, respectively). Numbers of infiltrating macrophage in D-KO mice was also reduced (~52%, P < 0.01, n = 15). We also verified that no significant difference in atherosclerotic area between E-KO recipient with D-KO bone marrow and D-KO recipient with E-KO bone marrow. At the 7th day, the expression of VCAM1, and MCP-1 in the thoracic aorta in D-KO mice was inhibited (~43 to 58%, n = 5, P < 0.01, respectively). Inflammatory cells were barely detected in the region at that time. TNF-alpha and MCP-1 mRNA of peripheral blood-leukocytes in D-KO was also 38% lower (P < 0.05, n = 5 each). In the primary-cultured P-KO endothelial cells, TNF-alpha-induced expressions of VCAM-1 and MCP-1 was decreased to 31 and 32% respectively, compared to the wild-type (WT) (each n = 5, P < 0.01). Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), the component of Oxidized LDL, -induced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-production was attenuated to 54% of the WT (p < 0.05) using DCF staining, and the high cholesterol diet induced ROS-production in endothelium in D-KO were decreased by 8-OHDG staining. Senescence-associated-beta-gal-stained area and ROS-dependent expression of p21 in the thoracic aorta in D-KO-mice was diminished. In P-KO ECs, LPC-induced p21 expression via Ets-1 or STAT1 was also decreased markedly. Conclusion: PYK2 promotes atherogenesis by inducing ROS/p21-dependent premature senescence and cytokine induction in endothelium.

Endotoxin recognition in fish results in inflammatory cytokine secretion not gene expression

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nerea Roher ◽  
Agnes Callol ◽  
Josep V. Planas ◽  
Frederick W. Goetz ◽  
Simon A. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Cytokine Secretion
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