scholarly journals On the specific heat of, heat flow from, and other phenomena of, the working fluid in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine

1906 ◽  
Vol 77 (520) ◽  
pp. 500-527 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Power Stroke ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Compression And Expansion

The present investigation was undertaken with the object of determining the specific heat of, and heat-flow from, the highly heated products of combustion which constitute the working fluid within the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, by a method which permitted direct observations to be made upon an actual charge taken into the engine in the ordinary operations of its cycle. The method of experiment is very simple, and the writer believes it to be novel. It consists in subjecting the whole of the highly heated products of the combustion of a gaseous charge to alternate compression and expansion within the engine cylinder while cooling proceeds, and observing by the indicator the successive pressure and temperature-falls from revolution to revolution, together with the temperature and pressure rise and fall due to alternate compression and expansion. The engine is set to run at any given speed, and at the desired moment after the charge of gas and air has been drawn in, compressed, and ignited, the exhaust valve and charge inlet valves are prevented from opening, so that when the piston reaches the termination of its power stroke, the exhaust gases are retained within the cylinder, and the piston compresses them to the minimum volume, expands them again to the maximum volume, and so compresses and expands during the desired number of strokes.

Effect of Engine Operating Parameters on Combustion and Emission Characteristics

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Lu ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta ◽  
Eugene L. Keating
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Pollutants Emission

Abstract Numerical simulation of flow, combustion, heat release rate and pollutants emission characteristics have been obtained using a single cylinder internal combustion engine operating with propane as the fuel. The data are compared with experimental results and show excellent agreement for peak pressure and the rate of pressure rise as a function of crank angle. The results obtained for NO and CO are also found to be in good agreement and are similar to those reported in the literature for the chosen combustion chamber geometry. The results have shown that both the combustion chamber geometry and engine operating parameters affects the flame growth within the combustion chamber which subsequently affects the pollutants emission levels. The code employed the time marching procedure and solves the governing partial differential equations of multi-component chemically reacting fluid flow by finite difference method. The numerical results provide a cost effective means of developing advanced internal combustion engine chamber geometry design that provides high efficiency and low pollution levels. It is expected that increased computational tools will be used in the future for enhancing our understanding of the detailed combustion process in internal combustion engines and all other energy conversion systems. Such detailed information is critical for the development of advanced methods for energy conservation and environmental pollution control.

Estimation of the efficiency of the thermal cycle of a piston internal combustion engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Heat Cycle ◽  
Hybrid Power Plant

Authors Rusinov R.V., Hoodorozhkov S.I., Dobretsov R.Yu., [email protected]. Estimation of the efficiency of the thermal cycle of a piston internal combustion engine The article proposes a simplified technique for the operational assessment of the efficiency of the heat cycle of a piston internal combustion engine. A feature of the developed computational model is the release of the amount of heat consumed for the production of only mechanical energy in the form of a separate component of the heat balance of the cycle. The value of this component is determined by calculation (or according to the results of experiments) in advance, which makes it possible to reduce the number of pre(determined initial data. The methodology is based on a mathematical description of thermodynamic processes occurring during the development of the thermal cycle of an engine with ignition of the working mixture from compression (diesel engine), which allows it to be expanded to new engines of design, including those operating under electronic control. The objects for the application of the calculation method can be diesel engines installed on transport vehicles, both individually and as part of a hybrid power plant, as well as engines of stationary or transportable power plants. The very principle underlying the model can be implemented for engines of other purposes and other thermal cycles. Keywords: heat cycle; the working process; diesel; heat content of the working fluid; expansion

Designing of a Balanced Opposed Piston Engine

2016 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 719-723
Author(s):  
Sunil S. Hebbalkar ◽  
Kaushik Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Power Stroke ◽  
Piston Engine ◽  
Crank Angle ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Inertia Forces

An internal combustion engine with opposed piston engine (OPE) develops higher power density than any other conventional internal combustion engine by virtue of its design. A Two stroke OPE gives two power stroke within 3600 of crank revolution which indicates the higher power density. But this extra power also results in large amount of forces gets transmitted to both the crankshaft amounting to large unbalance in the engine. Hence for a smoother and noise free performance, engine should be dynamically balanced. So balancing is one of the main criteria for better performance. In this paper the dynamic analysis was performed by varying the linkage dimensions of OPE for balance OPE. The analytical calculation of inertia forces and dimensions for linkages has been compared with software based results, depending on pressure crank angle plot for two stroke engine.

IX.—Graphical Analysis of Internal Combustion Engine Indicator Diagrams

1933 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 208-217
Author(s):  
Alex. R. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Indicator Diagram ◽  
Working Agent

The analysis of the performance of an internal combustion engine, based upon the indicator diagram, for the purpose of investigating such matters as the cyclical changes of temperature and internal energy content of the charge, and the heat flow between the working agent and the cylinder walls, is of considerable importance.

Performance Evaluation of a Prototype TurbX™ Engine

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rao V. Arimilli ◽  
Kurt Erickson ◽  
Frederick T. Mottley ◽  
James C. Conklin
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Experimental Apparatus

A revolutionary new concept internal-combustion engine called TurbX™ was invented and a prototype was built by an independent inventor, M. A. Wilson. Theoretically, the TurbX™ engine cycle can be represented by the Atkinson thermodynamic cycle with a continuous combustion process. Because of these attributes, this concept has the potential for higher fuel economy and power density relative to other internal combustion engine types. To evaluate the performance of this prototype, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and The University of Tennessee conducted an independent experimental study. Two series of tests were performed: cold-flow and fuel-fired tests. Cold-flow, compressed-air driven, tests were performed by pressurizing the combustion chamber with shop air to demonstrate the prototype performance of the turbine section. These results showed positive but unremarkable torque for combustion chamber air pressures above 300 kPa with a functional relationship illustrative of typical gas turbines with respect to shaft speed. The fuel-fired tests consisted of 26 constant-speed runs between 1800 and 9500 RPM. The experimental apparatus limited the maximum test speed to 9500 RPM. The TurbX™ engine produced no net output power for all fuel-fired tests conducted. The temperature measurements indicated that for most of the runs there was sustained combustion. However, even in runs where satisfactory combustion was observed, measured gage pressure inside the combustion chamber never exceeded 15.5 kPa. The lack of sufficient pressure rise inside the combustion chamber is indicative of excessive leakage of the combustion products through the preliminary prototype engine internals. Based on the results and the experience gained through this independent testing of this preliminary prototype, further development of this concept is recommended. Three major issues are specifically identified: 1) the internal components must be redesigned to reduce leakage, 2) combustion chamber design and 3) improve the overall aerodynamic performance of the engine internal components.

Using Geared Mechanisms to Increase the Thermal Efficiency of Conventional IC-Engines

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Rocheleau
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Power Stroke ◽  
Stroke Length ◽  
Constant Volume Combustion ◽  
Ic Engines

Abstract Two different geared mechanisms are examined as an alternative to the conventional crank-slider mechanism that is used for the 4-stroke internal combustion engine. The purpose of these geared mechanisms is to provide variable-stroke length and constant-volume combustion. The variable-stroke length feature gives a power stroke which is two to three times longer than the compression stroke, which allows additional work to be extracted as the gas expands to nearly atmospheric pressure. The constant-volume combustion feature prevents the dissipation of compressive work during ignition. The combination of these two features leads to theoretical thermal efficiency gains of up to 45% over the standard fixed-stroke length Otto-cycle internal combustion engine.

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