scholarly journals Hyperfine structure in the arc spectrum of cæsium and nuclear rotation

1928 ◽  
Vol 121 (787) ◽  
pp. 432-447 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperfine Structure ◽  
Nuclear Spin ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Principal Series ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Nuclear Rotation ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mechanical Moment ◽  
Very High

The arc spectrum of cæsium was investigated with the object of finding whether any of its lines possessed hyperfine structure, resulting from a nuclear magnetic moment, due to a quantised nuclear spin. The lines belonging to the principal series should, owing to the greater degree of penetration of the electron in the (1 s or 6 1 ) orbit, and the correspondingly greater interaction, show the greatest effect. The lines of the principal series are very easily broadened if the vapour pressure of the metal becomes high, so that great care had to be used in obtaining the spectrum of cæsium at a sufficiently low temperature. The most satisfactory method of excitation was found to be the application by means of external electrodes of a very high frequency alternating current to a tube filled with helium at about 2 mm. pressure containing a small quantity of cæsium. The tube required slight heating to bring out the cæsium lines; without this the helium spectrum was very much stronger than the metallic spectrum. At a very low vapour pressures of cæsium the discharge was blue in colour. Under these conditions the lines of the principal series showed no broadening greater than that due to thermal agitation, but at a slightly higher temperature the colour of the discharge became purple and the lines broadened. The lines belonging to the principal series were found to be very close doublets with very nearly constant frequencies differences. A theory is worked out which explains the origin of these doublets, assuming a nuclear spin of one half quantum; by correlating the difference in the separation of the hyperfine structure doublets in the 1 s — m 2 p 3/2 lines and the 1 s — m 2 p 1/2 lines, it is shown that a ratio of the magnetic to the mechanical moment of the nucleus about twice as great as the corresponding ratio for the electron would account for the observed frequency differences. The spectral notation used throughout is that of Hund. The results are compared with those found for the hyperfine structure of some of the bismuth lines by Back and Goudsmid, and are found to be in satisfactory agreement. A selection principle is found which applies both to the bismuth and the cæsium spectrum.

The Measurement of the Apparent Nuclear Spin-Spin Relaxation Times of N.Q.R. Signals in the Very-High-Frequency Region

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Bryant ◽  
S Hacobian
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Field ◽  
Spin Relaxation ◽  
Nuclear Spin ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Frequency Region ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
High Frequency Region ◽  
Pulse Detection ◽  
Very High

The Doolan-Hacobian n.q.r. double pulse detection technique is described for the measurement of n.q.r, apparent spin-spin relaxation times as applied to a v.h.f. lecher line super-regenerative spectrometer. Results are presented for the linewidths of the 79Br and 81Br resonances in p-dibromobenzene. It was found that crystal-field inhomogeneities produce significant broadening of the n.q.r. signal.

New features of collective nuclear rotation at very high frequency inSb109

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1160-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Janzen ◽  
D. R. LaFosse ◽  
H. Schnare ◽  
D. B. Fossan ◽  
A. Galindo-Uribarri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Nuclear Rotation ◽  
Very High

Experimental Investigation of very High Frequency Slot Antenna on M-60A-1 Tank

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Campbell ◽  
William Kennebeck ◽  
A. Zanella ◽  
Paul Sexton
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Slot Antenna ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Very High

A collision feedback based multiple access control protocol for very high frequency data exchange system in E-navigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Xu Hu ◽  
Bin Lin ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Hongguang Lyu ◽  
Tie-Shan Li
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
High Frequency Data ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Exchange System ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Time Division ◽  
Very High

Abstract The very high frequency data exchange system (VDES) is promising in promoting electronic navigation (E-navigation) and improving navigation safety. The multiple access control (MAC) protocol is crucial to the transmission performance of VDES. The self-organising time division multiple access (SOTDMA) protocol, as the only access mode given by current recommendations, leads to a high rate of transmission collisions in the traditional automatic identification system (AIS), especially with heavy traffic loads. This paper proposes a novel feedback based time division multiple access (FBTDMA) protocol to address the problems caused by SOTDMA, such that collision of transmissions can be avoided in information transmission among vessels. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed FBTDMA outperforms the traditional SOTDMA in terms of channel utilisation and throughput, and significantly reduces the transmission collision rate. The study is expected to provide insights into VDES standardisation and E-navigation modernisation.

scholarly journals Measurement of Electrical Properties of Superconducting YBCO Thin Films in the VHF Range

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3360
Author(s):  
Yakir Dahan ◽  
Eldad Holdengreber ◽  
Elichai Glassner ◽  
Oz Sorkin ◽  
Shmuel E. Schacham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Superconducting Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Very High

A new measurement technique of electrical parameters of superconducting thin films at the Very High Frequency (VHF) range is described, based on resonators with microstrip (MS) structures. The design of an optimal resonator was achieved, based on a thorough theoretical analysis, which is required for derivation of the exact configuration of the MS. A theoretical model is presented, from which an expression for the attenuation of a MS line can be derived. Accordingly, simulations were performed, and an optimal resonator for the VHF range was designed and implemented. Production constraints of YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) limited the diameter of the sapphire substrate to 3″. Therefore, a meander configuration was formed to fit the long λ/4 MS line on the wafer. By measuring the complex input reflection coefficients of a λ/4 resonator, we extracted the quality factor, which is mainly affected by the dielectric and conductor attenuations. The experimental results are well fitted by the theoretical model. The dielectric attenuation was calculated using the quasi-static analysis of the MS line. An identical copper resonator was produced and measured to compare the properties of the YBCO resonator in reference to the copper one. A quality factor of ~6·105 was calculated for the YBCO resonator, three orders of magnitude larger than that of the copper resonator. The attenuation per unit length of the YBCO layer was smaller by more than five orders of magnitude than that of the copper.

Da eine oder mehrere betroffen …

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-100
Author(s):  
Melitta Gillmann
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Formal Language ◽  
Subordinate Clause ◽  
Matrix Clause ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Very High

AbstractBased on a corpus study conducted using the GerManC corpus (1650–1800), the paper sketches the functional and sociosymbolic development of subordinate clause constructions introduced by the subjunctor da ‘since’ in different text genres. In the second half of the 17th and the first half of the 18th century, the da clauses were characterized by semantic vagueness: Besides temporal, spatial and causal relations, the subjunctor established conditional, concessive, and adversative links between clauses. The corpus study reveals that different genres are crucial to the readings of da clauses. Spatial and temporal usages, for example, occur more often in sermons than in other genres. The conditional reading, in contrast, strongly tends to occur in legal texts, where it displays very high frequency. This could be the reason why da clauses carry indexical meaning in contemporary German and are associated with formal language. Over the course of the 18th century, the causal usages increase in all genres. Surprisingly, these causal da clauses tend to be placed in front of the matrix clause despite the overall tendency of causal clauses to follow the matrix clause.

scholarly journals Sintering, Microstructure, and Dielectric Properties of Copper Borates for High Frequency LTCC Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4017
Author(s):  
Dorota Szwagierczak ◽  
Beata Synkiewicz-Musialska ◽  
Jan Kulawik ◽  
Norbert Pałka
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Dielectric Permittivity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Sintering Behavior ◽  
Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Dielectric ◽  
Very High

New ceramic materials based on two copper borates, CuB2O4 and Cu3B2O6, were prepared via solid state synthesis and sintering, and characterized as promising candidates for low dielectric permittivity substrates for very high frequency circuits. The sintering behavior, composition, microstructure, and dielectric properties of the ceramics were investigated using a heating microscope, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and terahertz time domain spectroscopy. The studies revealed a low dielectric permittivity of 5.1–6.7 and low dielectric loss in the frequency range 0.14–0.7 THz. The copper borate-based materials, owing to a low sintering temperature of 900–960 °C, are suitable for LTCC (low temperature cofired ceramics) applications.

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