scholarly journals On the mass of the proton

1931 ◽  
Vol 134 (824) ◽  
pp. 524-532 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Preliminary Note ◽  
Intrinsic Nature ◽  
First Impression ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Way

1. This paper develops, and to some extent amends, the theory of the relation of the proton to the electron suggested in a “Preliminary Note on the Masses of the Electron, the Proton, and the Universe.” As explained in that note, my discussion of the constant 137 opened out into a wider investigation embracing other natural constants, and it seemed necessary to pursue this before attempting to perfect the theory of 137. The first result of this extension is contained in a paper on “The Value of the Cosmical Constant.” This is primarily a theory of the mass of an electron; it is satisfactorily confirmed by the observed velocities of recession of the spiral nebulæ, and I think it must be substantially true. But the acceptance of this theory of the electron has the consequence that the relation between the electron and the proton cannot come about quite in the way I had previously had in mind. Indeed, my first impression was that it closed the door to any symmetrical kind of relation between the electron and proton. For my own part, I think it most unlikely that there is any fundamental difference in the intrinsic nature of protons and electrons, and I should regard it as a serious objection to the theory of the cosmical constant if it insisted on such a difference. It is therefore important to show that there is an opening by which the proton is easily brought into the same scheme.

Preliminary Note on the Masses of the Electron, the Proton, and the Universe

1931 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Eddington
Keyword(s):  
Arbitrary Constant ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Wave Mechanics ◽  
Preliminary Note ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Made In ◽  
Number Of Particles

In an investigation which I hope to publish shortly, I think I have been able to improve my theory of the constanthc/2πe2and to bring it at last into a precise form. No alteration is made in the value 137 obtained in the work already published. The recent advance has been mainly due to the fresh light thrown on the foundations of wave-mechanics by Dr Dirac's book. With a fuller understanding of the “theory of 137” it has been possible to discern opportunities for extension in several directions, and it is with these developments that the present paper deals. They are still in a rudimentary state; but since the theory appears to give correctly either accurate or approximate values of the masses of the electron, the helium atom, and the cosmos in terms of the mass of the proton, it would seem to be on the right lines. Moreover the principle of “ignoration of degrees of freedom” on which the numerical predictions depend is strongly suggested by the theory of the constant 137. If my view is right the only arbitrary constant of nature is the number of particles in the universe—if the numberisarbitrary.

Causality Then and Now

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-177
Author(s):  
Karen Harding
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Way

Ate appearances deceiving? Do objects behave the way they do becauseGod wills it? Ate objects impetmanent and do they only exist becausethey ate continuously created by God? According to a1 Ghazlli, theanswers to all of these questions ate yes. Objects that appear to bepermanent are not. Those relationships commonly tefemed to as causalare a result of God’s habits rather than because one event inevitably leadsto another. God creates everything in the universe continuously; if Heceased to create it, it would no longer exist.These ideas seem oddly naive and unscientific to people living in thetwentieth century. They seem at odds with the common conception of thephysical world. Common sense says that the universe is made of tealobjects that persist in time. Furthermore, the behavior of these objects isreasonable, logical, and predictable. The belief that the univetse is understandablevia logic and reason harkens back to Newton’s mechanical viewof the universe and has provided one of the basic underpinnings ofscience for centuries. Although most people believe that the world is accutatelydescribed by this sort of mechanical model, the appropriatenessof such a model has been called into question by recent scientificadvances, and in particular, by quantum theory. This theory implies thatthe physical world is actually very different from what a mechanicalmodel would predit.Quantum theory seeks to explain the nature of physical entities andthe way that they interact. It atose in the early part of the twentieth centuryin response to new scientific data that could not be incorporated successfullyinto the ptevailing mechanical view of the universe. Due largely ...

Against Historicist Fundamentalism

PMLA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 1414-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hayot
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

The rest of this essay devotes itself to an elaboration of that claim. Along the way I review the claim's implications for the study of literature in the world. I argue that assertions of fundamental difference, whether genetic or historical, reproduce the worst habits of Eurocentric thought.

scholarly journals Encountering the Goddess in the Indian Himalaya: On the Contribution of Ethnographic Film to the Study of Religion

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1021
Author(s):  
Arik Moran
Keyword(s):  
Spirit Possession ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Religious Experiences ◽  
Indian Himalaya ◽  
Ethnographic Film ◽  
Documentary Filmmaking ◽  
The Way

This paper examines the benefits of ethnographic film for the study of religion. It argues that the exploration of gaps between colloquial descriptions of divinities and their practical manifestation in ritual is instructive of the way religious categories are conceptualized. The argument is developed through an analysis of selected scenes from the documentary AVATARA, a meditation on goddess worship (Śaktism) among the Khas ethnic majority of the Hindu Himalaya (Himachal Pradesh, India). Centering on embodiments of the goddess in spirit possession séances, it points to a fundamental difference between the popular depiction of the deity as a virgin-child (kanyā) who visits followers in their dreams and her actual manifestation as a menacing mother (mātā) during ritual activities. These ostensibly incongruent images are ultimately bridged by the anthropologically informed edition of the material caught on camera, illustrating the added advantage of documentary filmmaking for approximating religious experiences.

scholarly journals Keaton og masserne

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (108) ◽  
pp. 188-217
Author(s):  
Ulrik Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Solid Mass ◽  
Fluid Mass ◽  
Compositional Elements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Individual Mass ◽  
The Way

Keaton and the Masses:This article explores conflicts between individual and mass and the process of massification (i.e. the becoming and unfolding of masses) as comic potential in Buster Keaton’s physical comedies. This comic potential is basically characterized by a formalized and aestheticized reduction of human individuality when confronted with objective, non-human matter. De-individualization plays an important role in modern comedy in general. With his intense focus on massification, though, Keaton is not only one of the first, but also one of the most dedicated investigators of comic de-individualization by purely physical means.The first part of the article considers the complex relations in Keaton between gag and narrative with specific regard to the conflict between the individual and the masses. Furthermore, the basic compositional elements in Keaton’s cinematographic staging of individual-mass conflicts are explored, including deactivation and isolation of the individual in relation to his immediate surroundings.Subsequently, the different forms of massification in Keaton are examined more closely with reference to variation in their comic potential. Here, Keaton’s masses are grouped into three basic forms: In the solid mass—typically materialized in heavy objects and hard surfaces—the comic potential is due to its ability to violently tumble or jam the pacified individual into de-subjectified body mass. In the fluid mass, the comic potential is basically found in the unmanageable character of the soft, formless and constantly transforming phenomenon. In pure accumulation, Keaton focuses on the comic potential of the very formation of masses as a process of accumulation (i.e., the repetitive addition of discrete, more or less identical elements). Here, Keaton’s interest lies above all in the formation of human masses (crowds).The last section considers Keaton’s cinematographic distribution of individual gags on the global scale of the entire film. Here, it is analyzed how Keaton incessantly glues the individual gags together into one large and seamlessly continuous gag. It is thus concluded that not only is each individual gag characterized by massification, but the way the different gags are interrelated throughout Keaton’s films also has a profound mass character.

scholarly journals Bandersnatch: o mundo virtual e a realidade na interatividade do cinema

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Malta ◽  
Fernando Rodrigues ◽  
Renan Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Way

The transformations that technology propitiates take the audiovisual narratives to seek new resources in the way of telling a story, such elements appear in the composition of this new audiovisual grammar. Bandersnatch by Charlie Brooker is an interactive film screened on Netflix, coming from the Black Mirror series known for breaking the classic rules of format in their stories. The plot brings the concept of interactivity, offering the viewer to change the course of history. Is this a market trend? From the writer’s point of view, how to put together a story with these features? These are some of the questions the article will answer. The process of creating a script is done based on the construction of the characters and the universe inhabited by them.

USING THE NETWORK FOR EDUCATION AND OUTREACH IN ASTRONOMY

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 505-517
Author(s):  
LEOPOLDO BENACCHIO
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Education And Outreach ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Way

This paper is divided into two parts. In the first the project of didactics and outreach "Catch the Stars in the Net!" is described, while in the second one an account of some important lessons learned on the way the Network use change the rules of the play is given. An account of the new Web module: "The Universe at Your fingertips", especially developed for visually impaired and even completely blind Web users in finally given.

Sons of the Earth: Are the Stoics Metaphysical Brutes?

Phronesis ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Maria Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Study ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
The One ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Way

AbstractIn this paper, it is argued the Stoics develop an account of corporeals that allows their theory of bodies to be, at the same time, a theory of causation, agency, and reason. The paper aims to shed new light on the Stoics' engagement with Plato's Sophist. It is argued that the Stoics are Sons of the Earth insofar as, for them, the study of corporeals – rather than the study of being – is the most fundamental study of reality. However, they are sophisticated Sons of the Earth by developing a complex notion of corporeals. A crucial component of this account is that ordinary bodies are individuated by the way in which the corporeal god pervades them. The corporeal god is the one cause of all movements and actions in the universe.

4. Islamic and Confucian accounts of the virtues

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Craig A. Boyd ◽  
Kevin Timpe
Keyword(s):  
Confucian Tradition ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Human Good ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

This chapter evaluates how two different cultural traditions understand virtue, specifically Islam and Confucianism. The work of Al-Ghazzali provides insight into the central role of virtue for Islam. In living out the five pillars of Islam—the shahadah, salat, zakat, sawm, and the hajj—one becomes a person properly related to Allah and to others. In this context, adab (the manner in which people acquire good character) provides an entrée into Islamic accounts of the virtues. Meanwhile, while there are important differences between the thinkers in the Confucian tradition, they all emphasized the dao (the ‘way’) as providing the highest human good and the proper cosmic ordering of the universe.

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