scholarly journals Selective neutralization of the luteinizing activity of gonadotrophic extracts of pituitary by anti-sera

1938 ◽  
Vol 126 (842) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Great Activity ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Follicular Stimulation ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Relative Capacity ◽  
Pig Pituitaries

Gonadotrophic extracts from different sources vary greatly in their relative capacity to cause follicular stimulation, ovulation and luteinization in the ovaries of the immature rat. Thus the effectiveness of crude extracts of anterior pituitary depends largely on the species of animal from which the pituitaries are obtained (Hill 1934). Extracts of horse pituitary cause great activity in the immature ovaries, leading to the production of abundant large follicles and corpora lutea with or without ovulation. Extracts of sheep and pig pituitaries are much less effective, while extracts of ox pituitary show little activity when tested on the immature rat. Extracts from urine of pregnancy cause some growth of the follicles, which tend to become heavily luteinized, but those of urine from women after the menopause and from ovariectomized women show greater folliclestimulating properties (Zondek 1930).

scholarly journals Diversity and Antimicrobial Activity of Culturable Fungal Endophytes in Solanum mauritianum

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Pelo ◽  
Vuyo Mavumengwana ◽  
Ezekiel Green
Keyword(s):  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Great Activity ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Solanum Mauritianum ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Respective Host

Plant endophytes are microbial sources of bioactive secondary metabolites, which mimic the natural compounds chemistry of their respective host plants in a similar manner. This study explored the isolation and identification of fungal endophytes, and investigated the antibacterial and antimycobacterial activity of their crude extracts. Fungal endophytes were isolated from Solanum mauritianum, identified using morphological traits and internal transcribed spacer ribosomal-deoxyribonucleic acid (ITS-rDNA) sequence analysis. Eight fungal endophytes were identified as Aureobasidium pullulans, Paracamarosporium leucadendri, Cladosporium sp., Collectotrichum boninense, Fusarium sp., Hyalodendriella sp., and Talaromyces sp., while Penicillium chrysogenum was isolated from the leaves and unripe fruits. Good activity was observed for the crude extracts of Paracamarosporium leucadendri inhibiting Mycobacterium bovis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 6 µg/mL. Crude extracts of Fusarium sp., showed activity at 9 μg/mL against M. bovis, M. smegmatis and K. pneumonia. In general, the crude extracts showed great activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and novel results for two mycobacteria species M. bovis and M. smegmatis. The results provide evidence of diverse fungal endophytes isolated from Solanum mauritianum, and evidence that fungal endophytes are a good source of bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical potential, particularly against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Catecholamine content and adenylate cyclase activity in corpora lutea of different ages of the PMSG-treated immature rat

1987 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Selstam ◽  
Ensio Norjavaara ◽  
Sten Rosberg ◽  
Iqbal Khan ◽  
Bertil Hamberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Cyclase Activity ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase Activity ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Catecholamine Content ◽  
Different Ages

THE TIME RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OESTROGEN ADMINISTRATION AND THE SECRETION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN RATS

1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiǐi Presl
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Pituitary Stalk ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Time Relationship ◽  
Lh Secretion ◽  
Partial Blockade ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The time relationship between administration of oestrogen and secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) has been investigated in pregnant and pseudopregnant rats. The criterion taken for LH secretion was cholesterolization of corpora lutea determined 48 hours after oestrogen administration, which could be expected to be positive within 42 hours. It was found that the stimulating effect of oestrogen could be blocked by phenobarbital given up to 32 hours after oestrogen administration. This period 0–32 hours after oestrogen administration was termed the »critical period« during which stimulation of oestrogen-sensitive regions of the CNS occurs, with activation of the anterior pituitary and consequent LH secretion. During this critical period the blocking action of phenobarbital gradually decreases, and the number of ineffective »block« rises. The first failure of phenobarbital blockade was found at 22 hours following oestrogen administration. From 22–32 hours after oestrogen instances of partial blockade occur, which support the view that the activating impulses to the anterior pituitary are not instantaneous and sharply delimited in character. Apparently anterior pituitary activation and LH secretion occur simultaneously, and there is a quantitative relationship between LH secretion and the duration of pituitary stimulation. The duration of neurogenic stimulation was approximated statistically as being about 9½ hours. The differences between our findings and those obtained with hypophysectomy or pituitary stalk section are discussed.

scholarly journals Identification of circular RNAs in the immature and mature rat anterior pituitary

2019 ◽  
Vol 240 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Xu Han ◽  
Chang-Jiang Wang ◽  
Xu-Lei Sun ◽  
Jian-Bo Liu ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Illumina Platform ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
New Class ◽  
Rat Pituitary ◽  
Mirna Sponges

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of RNA that have a stable structure characterized by covalently closed circular molecules and are involved in invasive pituitary adenomas and recurrent clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. However, information on circRNAs in the normal pituitary, especially in rats, is limited. In this study, we identified 4123 circRNAs in the immature (D15) and mature (D120) rat anterior pituitary using the Illumina platform, and 32 differentially expressed circRNAs were found. A total of 150 Gene Ontology terms were significantly enriched, and 16 KEGG pathways were found to contain differentially expressed genes. Moreover, we randomly selected eight highly expressed circRNAs and detected their relative expression levels in the mature and immature rat pituitary by qPCR. In addition, we predicted 90 interactions between 53 circRNAs and 57 miRNAs using miRanda. Notably, circ_0000964 and circ_0001303 are potential miRNA sponges that may regulate the Fshb gene. The expression profile of circRNAs in the immature and mature rat anterior pituitary may provide more information about the roles of circRNAs in the development and reproduction in mammals.

scholarly journals Fibroblast Growth Factor-9, a Local Regulator of Ovarian Function

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (8) ◽  
pp. 3711-3721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann E. Drummond ◽  
Marianne Tellbach ◽  
Mitzi Dyson ◽  
Jock K. Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
Rat Ovary

Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is widely expressed in embryos and fetuses and has been shown to be involved in male sex determination, testicular cord formation, and Sertoli cell differentiation. Given its male gender bias, the ovary has not been reported to express FGF9, nor has a role in ovarian function been explored. We report here that FGF9 mRNA and protein are present in the rat ovary and provide evidence that supports a role for FGF9 in ovarian progesterone production. FGF9 mRNA levels as determined by real-time PCR were high in 4-d-old rat ovaries, thereafter declining and stabilizing at levels approximately 30% of d 4 levels at d 12–25. Levels of FGF9 mRNA in the ovary were significantly higher than that present in adult testis, at all ages studied. The FGF9 receptors FGFR2 and FGFR3 mRNAs were present in postnatal and immature rat ovary and appeared to be constitutively expressed. FGF9 protein was localized to theca, stromal cells, and corpora lutea and FGFR2 and FGFR3 proteins to granulosa cells, theca cells, oocytes, and corpora lutea, by immunohistochemistry. Follicular differentiation induced by gonadotropin treatment reduced the expression of FGF9 mRNA by immature rat ovaries, whereas the estrogen-stimulated development of large preantral follicles had no significant effect. In vitro, FGF9 stimulated progesterone production by granulosa cells beyond that elicited by a maximally stimulating dose of FSH. When the granulosa cells were pretreated with FSH to induce LH receptors, FGF9 was found not to be as potent as LH in stimulating progesterone production, nor did it enhance LH-stimulated production. The combined treatments of FSH/FGF9 and FSH/LH, however, were most effective at stimulating progesterone production by these differentiated granulosa cells. Analyses of steroidogenic regulatory proteins indicate that steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and P450 side chain cleavage mRNA levels were enhanced by FGF9, providing a mechanism of action for the increased progesterone synthesis. In summary, the data are consistent with a paracrine role for FGF9 in the ovary.

THE EFFECT OF CHLORMADINONE ON THE RESPONSE OF THE OVARIES AND UTERUS OF THE IMMATURE RAT TO GONADOTROPHIC STIMULATION

1964 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. K. HARPER
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Orally Active ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin ◽  
Intact Rats

SUMMARY The effects of chlormadinone (6-chloro-Δ6-17α-acetoxyprogesterone), an orally active progestational agent without significant oestrogenic activity, on the response of the ovaries of intact and hypophysectomized immature female rats to exogenous gonadotrophin have been examined. Administration of the steroid whether starting on the same day as, or 4 days before treatment with gonadotrophin, did not depress the ovarian response in intact rats. In hypophysectomized animals, pretreated with the progestagen, the ovarian response to gonadotrophin was depressed. In intact rats, treatment with the steroid and pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) resulted in ovulation, whereas in similar animals given PMSG alone no corpora lutea were found. Corpora lutea were seen in all groups given PMSG and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) but ovulation occurred earlier when, in addition, treatment with the steroid was included. In only one experiment with intact rats did administration of the steroid alone cause a significant increase in uterine weight compared with controls. In neither experiment on hypophysectomized animals did such an increase occur, and significant decreases were recorded.

Embryo transfer in the Angora goat

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 973 ◽  
Author(s):  
NW Moore ◽  
J Eppleston
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Final Injection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Angora Goat ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin ◽  
Day 3 Embryos ◽  
Low Rate

A total of 711 embryos was collected from 121 Angora does mated to Angora bucks. They were transferred to 667 feral recipient does, of which 361 kidded, producing 378 kids. Donors were treated with 36, 40 or 45 mg of an equine anterior pituitary extract (HAP) or 1500 i.u. pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) given at the end of a period of progesterone treatment (12 mg/day by intramuscular injection), while the recipients were either untreated, or their time of oestrus was controlled by progestagen-impregnated intravaginal pessaries or by the prostaglandin analogue 'Estrumate' (I.C.I.). All 121 donors exhibited oestrus after treatment, and 104 (86%) were in oestrus 48–60 h after the final injection of progesterone. Donors were naturally mated by allowing them free access to bucks, hand-mated at 12-h intervals, surgically inseminated into the uterus, or inseminated into the cervix; and in does treated with HAP the proportion of recovered eggs fertilized were respectively 88, 79, 65 and 32%. Seven does received PMSG. They were all hand-mated, and 46% of eggs recovered were fertilized. The mean numbers of corpora lutea in does treated with HAP and PMSG were 10.4 ± 0.9 and 13.7 ± 2.2, and it is suggested that the low rate of fertilization following PMSG was due to an excessive ovulatory response. Treatment with pessaries and Estrumate effectively controlled the time of oestrus in recipients and, overall, there was little difference between the proportions of treated and untreated recipients which kidded (58 v. 50% recipients kidded). Embryos were recovered from donors 3½–5½ days after they were first observed in oestrus, and they were transferred to recipients first observed in oestrus 48 h before to 48 h after their respective donors. The kidding rate of does which received day 3½ embryos was less than that of those which received older embryos (28 v. 55%), but the degree of asynchrony between respective donors and recipients had no effect upon survival.

scholarly journals The relation between the anterior pituitary body and the gonads.―Part. III.―Fractionation and dilution of ovary-stimulating extracts

1931 ◽  
Vol 107 (753) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Supernatant Fluid ◽  
Follicular Maturation ◽  
Complete Extraction ◽  
Efficient Extraction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Implantation Method

The original extracts of the anterior pituitary body prepared by Evans (1924), first with saline and later with sodium hydroxide, had predominantly the effect of causing the formation of atretic corpora lutea, but it is now evident that follicular maturation and ovulation is also caused, though to a lesser extent, by these preparations. The implantation method subsequently used by Zondek and Aschheim (1927) and by Smith and Engle (1927) was found to give follicular maturation as the dominating effect to such an extent that Smith and Engle originally described this as the only effect resulting from such administration of pituitary substance. The difference in effect between the sodium hydroxide extracts and tire tissue implantations suggested that two hormones were concerned in producing the two effects. It should, however, be emphasised that most workers with the sodium hydroxide extracts have neutralised the tissue mash before centrifuging to obtain the supernatant fluid for injection. In effect, therefore, the actual solvent with which the tissue is being extracted is merely saline, the only difference being that the initial treatment of the tissue leads to a much more complete extraction with the saline. The chief feature of the alkali preparations may thus he said to be more efficient extraction, and their predominantly luteinising action might be due either to the greater concentration of a single active substance, or the presence of another substance not easily obtained from implants. Conclusive experimental confirmation of the quantitative hypothesis has not been forthcoming. Courrier (1929) reported that the administration of large amounts of pituitary preparations to the cat led to the production of atretic corpora lutea, while smaller amounts caused normal follicular maturation, but many workers have tailed to obtain similar results ( cf . Wiesner and Crew, 1930). The evidence that two hormones are concerned is now strong. Some of the chief points are summarised below :—

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