scholarly journals Diversity and Antimicrobial Activity of Culturable Fungal Endophytes in Solanum mauritianum

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Pelo ◽  
Vuyo Mavumengwana ◽  
Ezekiel Green
Keyword(s):  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Great Activity ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Solanum Mauritianum ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Respective Host

Plant endophytes are microbial sources of bioactive secondary metabolites, which mimic the natural compounds chemistry of their respective host plants in a similar manner. This study explored the isolation and identification of fungal endophytes, and investigated the antibacterial and antimycobacterial activity of their crude extracts. Fungal endophytes were isolated from Solanum mauritianum, identified using morphological traits and internal transcribed spacer ribosomal-deoxyribonucleic acid (ITS-rDNA) sequence analysis. Eight fungal endophytes were identified as Aureobasidium pullulans, Paracamarosporium leucadendri, Cladosporium sp., Collectotrichum boninense, Fusarium sp., Hyalodendriella sp., and Talaromyces sp., while Penicillium chrysogenum was isolated from the leaves and unripe fruits. Good activity was observed for the crude extracts of Paracamarosporium leucadendri inhibiting Mycobacterium bovis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 6 µg/mL. Crude extracts of Fusarium sp., showed activity at 9 μg/mL against M. bovis, M. smegmatis and K. pneumonia. In general, the crude extracts showed great activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and novel results for two mycobacteria species M. bovis and M. smegmatis. The results provide evidence of diverse fungal endophytes isolated from Solanum mauritianum, and evidence that fungal endophytes are a good source of bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical potential, particularly against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

In vitro evaluation of the anti-mycobacterial properties of the extracts of Momordica Charantia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Paul Giftson ◽  
Jerrine Joseph ◽  
Revathy Kalyanasundaram ◽  
V. Ramesh Kumar ◽  
Wilson Aruni
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
World Population ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
The World

Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease and remains one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. One fourth of the world population is infected with TB at a risk of developing disease. The increase in the incidence of drug resistant TB around the world urges the need to develop a new candidate to fight against the disease. Plants were considered as the rich source of bioactive components to be used as potential drugs. Medicinal plants are used in pure as well as crude materials for their medicinal properties. Our research aims in identifying the phyto-molecules which have anti- tuberculosis property. Four medicinal plants namely, Acalyphaciliata (Kuppaimeni), Solanumtrilobatum (Thuthuvalai), Momordicacharantia (Bitter Gourd) and Sennaauriculata (Avaram) were chosen to evaluate their antimicrobial activity focusing on anti-tubercular activity. The methanol extracts of the medicinal plants showed significant inhibitory activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Sennaauriculata methanol extracts showed activity against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. In the screening of antimycobacterial activity done by LRP assay, among the plant extracts tested, the hexane crude extracts of Momordicacharantia (Bitter Gourd) showed 82.2% and 81.03% of inhibition against M. tuberculosis H37Rv at 500µg/ml and 250µg/ml concentration respectively. Similarly, the methanol crude extracts of Momordicacharantia showed 87.14% and 63.55% of inhibition at 500µg/ml and 250µg/ml concentration respectively.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of phylloplane and endophytic fungi from Sapindus mukorossi

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.D. Varpe
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Epicoccum Nigrum ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
The Rich ◽  
High Level

Phylloplane biodiversity and endophytic fungi is considered one of the rich origins of novel biological activity compounds and high-level structural variation on the leaf surface. Plant leaves surface is a diverse terrestrial ecosystem, including filamentous fungi. This study aims to study the isolation and enumeration of Sapindus mukorossi phylloplane and endophytic fungal diversity. The Sapindus mukorossi isolated 14 fungal species from 9 genera of phylloplane and endophytic fungi. Cladosporium herbarum, Penicillium expansum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium sp., Alternaria alternate, Collectotrichum orbiculare, Torulla herbarium, Epicoccum nigrum and Candida sp. as a phylloplane fungi. Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Epicoccum nigrum. Penicillum digitatum, Penicillum sp. were identified as endophytic fungi.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH DECOMPOSING PIG (Sus scrofa) CARCASS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e126
Author(s):  
Iyabo Victoria Olatubi ◽  
Olukemi Aromolaran ◽  
Samuel Tolani Joseph ◽  
Oluwafeyikemi Ajoke Adeleke
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Forensic Biology ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria ◽  
Local Farm ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

The emerging field of forensic biology has attempted to solve certain problems encountered when estimating post-mortem interval (PMI) by using predictable changes in the microbial and arthropod community structure. Pig (Sus scrofa) carcasses are widely used as animal models in clinical human studies. The objective of this study was to identify bacteria from the skin surface of pig carcass for possible use in forensic investigation. Three pigs (a suitable human substitute) were collected from a local farm and killed by suffocation and further place in a bush land for decomposition. 24hours later skin samples were collected and transported to the laboratory for the isolation of bacteria using standard pour plate techniques and identified using Bergey’s manual of systemic bacteriology. The experiment was conducted in February 2019 during the dry season of the year with an average temperature of 23.50c and relative humidity of 60.8% A total of fourteen (14) isolates were gotten from the pig carcass samples out of which four (4) were Gram-positive bacteria and the remaining ten (10) were Gram-negative. Staphylococcus spp. (28.6%) was the most abundant while Salmonella sp., Serratia sp., Klebsiella sp., Citrobacter sp. and Proteus sp. occurred at 14.3% each. This study focus on the type of bacteria communities during a decomposition process which will help provide baseline information in the application of forensic biology to determination of nature of death, abuse or neglect.

scholarly journals Production of eugenol from fungal endophytesNeopestalotiopsissp. andDiaporthesp. isolated fromCinnamomum loureiroileaves

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chutima Tanapichatsakul ◽  
Sarunpron Khruengsai ◽  
Sakon Monggoot ◽  
Patcharee Pripdeevech
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Fungal Extracts

Endophytic fungi, which colonize within a host plant without causing any apparent diseases, have been considered as an important source of bioactive secondary metabolites containing antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The aim of this research was to isolate the endophytic fungi ofCinnamomum loureiroiand then to screen their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. A total of 11 fungal endophytes were isolated from healthy leaves ofCinnamomum loureiroibelonging to six genera:Botryosphaeria,Colletotrichum,Diaporthe,Fusarium,Neopestalotiopsis, andPestalotiopsis. All isolated strains were cultured and further extracted with ethyl acetate solvent. Antimicrobial activity of all crude endophytic fungal extracts was analyzed using disc diffusion assay against six bacterial and two fungal pathogens. Crude extracts of strains MFLUCC15-1130 and MFLUCC15-1131 showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against all tested pathogens. Activity againstBacillus cereusandStaphylococcus epidermidiswas notable, showing the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration at 3.91 μg/mL. Antioxidant activity of all crude endophytic fungal extracts was also evaluated based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Significant antioxidant activity was detected in the crude extracts of fungus MFLUCC15-1130 and MFLUCC15-1131 with IC50of 22.92 ± 0.67 and 37.61 ± 0.49 μg/mL, respectively. Using molecular identification, MFLUCC15-1130 and MFLUCC15-1131 were identified asNeopestalotiopsissp. andDiaporthesp., respectively. The major chemical constituents produced by both crude extracts were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Eugenol, myristaldehyde, lauric acid, and caprylic acid were the primary antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds in both crude extracts. This is the first report of eugenol being a biologically active compound ofNeopestalotiopsissp. andDiaporthesp. fungal endophytes. Eugenol has been reported as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents with agronomic applications. Thus the two newly-isolated endophytes may be used for eugenol production, which in turn can be used in a variety of applications.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of membrane vesicle-associated proteins in Gram-positive bacteria and mycobacteria

MethodsX ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Prados-Rosales ◽  
Lisa Brown ◽  
Arturo Casadevall ◽  
Sandra Montalvo-Quirós ◽  
Jose L. Luque-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Vesicle ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Associated Proteins

scholarly journals Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel Mannich Bases of Isoxazoline Derivatives as Possible Antimicrobial Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 2821-2826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema A. Gosavi ◽  
Dattatray H. Nandal ◽  
Sarita S. Pawar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Isonicotinic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrazide ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Mannich Bases ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies

Novel isoxazoline derivatives were synthesized by condensation of substituted acetophenones with aldehyde in presence of alcoholic NaOH to get intermediate chalcones, which were further treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in presence of sodium hydroxide to get isoxazoline derivatives. The latter were refluxed separately with isonicotinic acid hydrazide and sulphanilamide in presence of formaldehyde for 6-10 h to afford corresponding Mannich bases. The structures of synthesized compounds were established on the basis of melting point, TLC, IR, 1H NMR and HRMS. Antimycobacterial activity of compounds (3a-j) were assessed against M. tuberculosis (vaccine strain, H37 Rv strain) ATCC27294 using microplate Alamar Blue assay (MABA). Further the derivatives were evaluated for the antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria S. aureus (ATCC 9144), S. epidemidis (ATCC12228) and Gram negative bacteria E. coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella (ATCC 4352), while antifungal activity against A. flavus (ATCC 9643) and A. niger (ATCC 16404) by using agar well diffusion method using ciprofloxacin and fluconazole as standards, respectively. The results of antimicrobial studies showed that some of the derivatives posses mild to moderate biological activity as compared to standard.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria from the sediments of the Qeshm Island mangrove forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pegah Javid ◽  
Hassan Zadabbas Shahabadi ◽  
Homeyra Amirkhani ◽  
Narges Amrollahi ◽  
Mohammad Sharif Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Qeshm Island ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Halotolerant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Phylogenetic Taxonomy

Due to specific environmental and ecological conditions, mangrove forests are known as marine transitional zones between sea and land, and, as such, they host organisms with high ecological plasticity. The mangrove forests of Qeshm Island (Iran) are relatively pristine habitats and represent an ideal target for investigating patterns of either aquatic or benthic biodiversity. To provide insights on microbial diversity in this area, nineteen halophilic and halotolerant bacteria were isolated from the sediments in 2017 during low tide. The extracted bacterial strains were studied morphologically by streaking, initial observation of colonies and bacterial staining, and characterized using a battery of biochemical tests including KOH, MR, VP, urease, TSI, S/I/M, Mac, LIA, ODC, ADH, oxidase, catalase, and tryptophan deaminase. The optimum growth of halophilic bacteria was observed in salt concentrations from 5 to 20% NaCl, whereas the extreme halophilic Gram-positive strain grew in salt concentration of up to 30% NaCl. Molecular analyses were also carried out on four halophilic strains and one extreme halophilic gram-positive bacteria. Phylogenetic taxonomy analysis, after 16S rDNA gene Sanger sequencing, revealed that the halophilic bacteria were closely related to the strain types of the genus Bacillus including Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus Paralicheniformis and Bacillus sp. with 99% bootstrap value. The extreme halophilic strain was associated to strains of Planococcus plakortidis with 100% bootstrap value.

Isolation and bioassay screening of medicinal plant endophytes from eastern Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 761-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn T. Ellsworth ◽  
Trevor N. Clark ◽  
Christopher A. Gray ◽  
John A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Fermentation Broths

Eighty-one distinct fungal endophytes were isolated from 12 traditionally used medicinal plants from New Brunswick, Canada. This is the first report of endophytes from 8 of the 12 host plants. One hundred and sixty-two crude extracts derived from the mycelia and spent fermentation broths of liquid cultures of each endophyte were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity. Twenty-two extracts were active against Staphylococcus aureus while 30 were active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Twelve crude extracts were found to be active against Candida albicans.

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