scholarly journals Identification of circular RNAs in the immature and mature rat anterior pituitary

2019 ◽  
Vol 240 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Xu Han ◽  
Chang-Jiang Wang ◽  
Xu-Lei Sun ◽  
Jian-Bo Liu ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Illumina Platform ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
New Class ◽  
Rat Pituitary ◽  
Mirna Sponges

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of RNA that have a stable structure characterized by covalently closed circular molecules and are involved in invasive pituitary adenomas and recurrent clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. However, information on circRNAs in the normal pituitary, especially in rats, is limited. In this study, we identified 4123 circRNAs in the immature (D15) and mature (D120) rat anterior pituitary using the Illumina platform, and 32 differentially expressed circRNAs were found. A total of 150 Gene Ontology terms were significantly enriched, and 16 KEGG pathways were found to contain differentially expressed genes. Moreover, we randomly selected eight highly expressed circRNAs and detected their relative expression levels in the mature and immature rat pituitary by qPCR. In addition, we predicted 90 interactions between 53 circRNAs and 57 miRNAs using miRanda. Notably, circ_0000964 and circ_0001303 are potential miRNA sponges that may regulate the Fshb gene. The expression profile of circRNAs in the immature and mature rat anterior pituitary may provide more information about the roles of circRNAs in the development and reproduction in mammals.

scholarly journals Comprehensive landscape and future perspectives of circular RNAs in colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Long ◽  
Zhi Lin ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Min Ma ◽  
Zhixing Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
New Class ◽  
Functional Peptides ◽  
Mirna Sponges

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a common hereditary tumor that is often fatal. Its pathogenesis involves multiple genes, including circular RNAs (circRNAs). Notably, circRNAs constitute a new class of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a covalently closed loop structure and have been characterized as stable, conserved molecules that are abundantly expressed in tissue/development-specific patterns in eukaryotes. Based on accumulating evidence, circRNAs are aberrantly expressed in CRC tissues, cells, exosomes, and blood from patients with CRC. Moreover, numerous circRNAs have been identified as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors that mediate tumorigenesis, metastasis and chemoradiation resistance in CRC. Although the regulatory mechanisms of circRNA biogenesis and functions remain fairly elusive, interesting results have been obtained in studies investigating CRC. In particular, the expression of circRNAs in CRC is comprehensively modulated by multiple factors, such as splicing factors, transcription factors, specific enzymes and cis-acting elements. More importantly, circRNAs exert pivotal effects on CRC through various mechanisms, including acting as miRNA sponges or decoys, interacting with RNA binding proteins, and even translating functional peptides. Finally, circRNAs may serve as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in the clinical practice of CRC. In this review, we discuss the dysregulation, functions and clinical significance of circRNAs in CRC and further discuss the molecular mechanisms by which circRNAs exert their functions and how their expression is regulated. Based on this review, we hope to reveal the functions of circRNAs in the initiation and progression of cancer and highlight the future perspectives on strategies targeting circRNAs in cancer research.

scholarly journals Differential Expression Profiles and Functional Prediction of circRNAs in Necrotizing Enterocolitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ya Pan ◽  
Wenjuan Chen ◽  
Xiangyun Yan ◽  
Boshi Yu ◽  
Shuwen Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Functional Prediction ◽  
Mirna Sponges ◽  
Pathway Analyses ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Normal Controls

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of noncoding RNAs, have been demonstrated to behave as microRNA (miRNA) sponges to exert their effects during pathological processes of diseases. However, the roles of circRNAs have not been explored in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). This study sought to identify differentially expressed circRNAs and predict their potential biological functions in NEC. circRNA expression profiles in terminal ileum from newborn rats with NEC and normal controls were explored using next-generation sequencing. In the NEC group, 53 circRNAs were significantly differentially expressed, including 9 upregulated and 44 downregulated. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were conducted, and circRNA-miRNA interaction networks were generated to predict the potential roles of circRNAs in NEC progression. Further investigation revealed that most circRNAs include miRNA binding sites and that some are implicated in NEC development. In conclusion, this study’s findings demonstrate that differentially expressed circRNAs are involved in NEC development via their interactions with miRNAs, making them prospective targets for NEC diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals High-throughput Analysis of CircRNA in Cows with Naturally Infected Staphylococcus aureus Mammary Gland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixian Bai ◽  
Weidong Cai ◽  
Xinjiang Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zheng ◽  
Taiyu Hui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ring Structure ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
High Throughput Analysis ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Closed Ring

Abstract Circular RNAs (CircRNA) is a special type of non-coding RNA molecule with a closed ring structure and is not affected by RNA exonucases. It has stable expression and is not easy to degrade, and exists in most eukaryotes. However, circRNA regulation of cow mastitis has not been widely recognized. Mammary epithelial tissues were collected from healthy Holstein cows (HCN) and mastitis Holstein cows (HCU). RNA sequencing (RNA SEQ) was performed for the differentially expressed circRNAs, and analysis results showed that 19 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified in HCN and HCU, among which 6 circRNAs were up-regulated and 13 circRNAs were down-regulated. We randomly selected 9 circRNAs for Q-PCR verification, and the results showed consistent expression. Three circRNAs: circRNA2860, circRNA5323 and circRNA4027 were confirmed to be significantly differentially expressed circRNAs in cow mastitis. Furthermore, RNA polymerase transcription factor binding and tight junction are most enriched in GO and KEGG pathways, respectively. In addition, the regulatory network of circRNA-miRNA has been inferred from a bioinformatics perspective, which may help to understand the underlying molecular mechanism of circRNAs involved in regulating mastitis in cows.

Circular RNAs are miRNA sponges and can be used as a new class of biomarker

2016 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franceli Rodrigues Kulcheski ◽  
Ana Paula Christoff ◽  
Rogerio Margis
Keyword(s):  
Circular Rnas ◽  
New Class ◽  
Mirna Sponges

Ultrastructural Immunocytochemistry of Five Rat Pituitary Adenomas

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 724-725
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
N. Ryan ◽  
E. Horvath ◽  
K. Kovacs ◽  
E. Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Electron Microscopic Immunocytochemistry ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Rat Pituitary ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

Conventional light and electron microscopic techniques failed to clarify the cellular composition and derivation of spontaneous and induced, intrasellar and transplanted pituitary adenomas in rats (1). In the present work, electron microscopic immunocytochemistry was applied to evaluate five adenohypo-physial tumors using a technique described by Moriarty and Garner (2). Spontaneously occurring pituitary adenomas (group 1) were harvested from aging female Long-Evans rats. R-Amsterdam rats were treated with 2 x 1.0 mg estrone acetate (HogivaI) s.c. weekly for 6 months. Pituitary adenomas in excess of 30 mg were removed from these animals to make up the tumors of group 2. Groups 3 and 4 consisted of estrogen-induced autonomous transplan¬ted pituitary tumors MtT.WlO and MtT.F4. Group 5 was a radiation-induced transplanted autonomous pituitary tumor MtT.W5. The tumors of groups 3,4 and 5 were allowed to proliferate in host rats 6-8 weeks prior to removal for processing. Tissue was processed for transmission electron microscopy (glutaraldehyde fixation, OsO4 postfixation and epoxy resin embedding), and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry (3% paraformaldehyde fixation and Araldite embedding).

scholarly journals The circular RNA circSlc7a11 promotes bone cancer pain pathogenesis in rats by modulating LLC-WRC 256 cell proliferation and apoptosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Wen Chen ◽  
Xiao-Xia Zhang ◽  
Zhu-Ding Peng ◽  
Zu-Min Xing ◽  
Yi-Wen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Bone Cancer ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Bone Cancer Pain ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis

AbstractTreatment of bone cancer pain (BCP) caused by bone metastasis in advanced cancers remains a challenge in clinical oncology, and the underlying mechanisms of BCP are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenic roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in regulating cancer cell proliferation and BCP development. Eight differentially expressed circRNAs in the rat spinal cord were validated by agarose gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing. Expression of circRNAs and mRNAs was detected by quantitative RT-PCR. MTS assay and flow cytometry were performed to analyze cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Differentially expressed mRNA profiles were characterized by deep RNA sequencing, hierarchical clustering, and functional categorization. The interactions among circRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), and mRNAs were predicted using TargetScan. Additionally, western blot was performed to determine the protein levels of Pax8, Isg15, and Cxcl10. Multiple circRNAs were differentially expressed in the spinal cords of BCP model rats; of these, circSlc7a11 showed the greatest increase in expression. The overexpression of circSlc7a11 significantly promoted cell proliferation and repressed apoptosis of LLC-WRC 256 and UMR-106 cells, whereas circSlc7a11 silencing produced the opposite effects. Altered expression of circSlc7a11 also induced substantial changes in the mRNA expression profiles of LLC-WRC 256 cells; these changes were linked to multiple apoptotic processes and signaling pathways, such as the chemokine signaling pathway, and formed a complex circRNA/miRNA/mRNA network. Additionally, Pax8, Isg15, and Cxc110 protein level in LLC-WRC 256 cells was consistent with the mRNA results. The circRNA circSlc7a11 regulates rat BCP development by modulating LLC-WRC 256 cell proliferation and apoptosis through multiple-signaling mechanisms.

scholarly journals CircFAM13B promotes the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma by sponging miR-212, upregulating E2F5 expression and activating the P53 pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Xie ◽  
Xiaofeng Hang ◽  
Wensheng Xu ◽  
Jing Gu ◽  
Yuanjing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Gene Expression Omnibus ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background Most of the biological functions of circular RNAs (circRNAs) and the potential underlying mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not yet been discovered. Methods In this study, using circRNA expression data from HCC tumor tissues and adjacent tissues from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, we identified out differentially expressed circRNAs and verified them by qRT-PCT. Functional experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of circFAM13B in HCC in vitro and in vivo. Results We found that circFAM13B was the most significantly differentially expressed circRNA in HCC tissue. Subsequently, in vitro and in vivo studies also demonstrated that circFAM13B promoted the proliferation of HCC. Further studies revealed that circFAM13B, a sponge of miR-212, is involved in the regulation of E2F5 gene expression by competitively binding to miR-212, inhibits the activation of the P53 signalling pathway, and promotes the proliferation of HCC cells. Conclusions Our findings revealed the mechanism underlying the regulatory role played by circFAM13B, miR-212 and E2F5 in HCC. This study provides a new theoretical basis and novel target for the clinical prevention and treatment of HCC.

scholarly journals Sex-Biased lncRNA Signature in Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR)

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 921
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Lipka ◽  
Jan Pawel Jastrzebski ◽  
Lukasz Paukszto ◽  
Karol Gustaw Makowczenko ◽  
Elzbieta Lopienska-Biernat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Differential Analysis ◽  
Protein Coding

Impaired fetal growth is one of the most important causes of prematurity, stillbirth and infant mortality. The pathogenesis of idiopathic fetal growth restriction (FGR) is poorly understood but is thought to be multifactorial and comprise a range of genetic causes. This research aimed to investigate non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the placentas of male and female fetuses affected by FGR. RNA-Seq data were analyzed to detect lncRNAs, their potential target genes and circular RNAs (circRNAs); a differential analysis was also performed. The multilevel bioinformatic analysis enabled the detection of 23,137 placental lncRNAs and 4263 of them were classified as novel. In FGR-affected female fetuses’ placentas (ff-FGR), among 19 transcriptionally active regions (TARs), five differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and 12 differentially expressed protein-coding genes (DEGs) were identified. Within 232 differentially expressed TARs identified in male fetuses (mf-FGR), 33 encompassed novel and 176 known lncRNAs, and 52 DEGs were upregulated, while 180 revealed decreased expression. In ff-FGR ACTA2-AS1, lncRNA expression was significantly correlated with five DEGs, and in mf-FGR, 25 TARs were associated with DELs correlated with 157 unique DEGs. Backsplicing circRNA processes were detected in the range of H19 lncRNA, in both ff- and mf-FGR placentas. The performed global lncRNAs characteristics in terms of fetal sex showed dysregulation of DELs, DEGs and circRNAs that may affect fetus growth and pregnancy outcomes. In female placentas, DELs and DEGs were associated mainly with the vasculature, while in male placentas, disturbed expression predominantly affected immune processes.

scholarly journals Quantitative proteomic analysis of aberrant expressed lysine acetylation in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Long Zhao ◽  
Zhidong Gao ◽  
Jianyuan Luo ◽  
Haoran Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Group ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Lysine Acetylation ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Tandem Mass Tag ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Nih Classification

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a common digestive tract tumor with high rate of metastasis and recurrence. Currently, we understand the genome, transcriptome and proteome in GIST. However, posttranscriptional modification features in GIST remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to construct a complete profile of acetylome in GIST. Methods Five common protein modifications, including acetylation, succinylation, crotonylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, and malonylation were tested among GIST subgroups and significantly differentially- expressed lysine acetylation was found. The acetylated peptides labeled with Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)under high sensitive mass spectrometry, and some proteins with acetylation sites were identified. Subsequently, these proteins and peptides were classified into high/moderate (H/M) risk and low (L) risk groups according to the modified NIH classification standard. Furthermore, cell components, molecular function, biological processes, KEGG pathways and protein interaction networks were analyzed. Results A total of 2904 acetylation sites from 1319 proteins were identified, of which quantitative information of 2548 sites from 1169 proteins was obtained. Finally, the differentially-expressed lysine acetylation sites were assessed and we found that 42 acetylated sites of 38 proteins were upregulated in the H/M risk group compared with the L risk group, while 48 acetylated sites of 44 proteins were downregulated, of which Ki67 K1063Ac and FCHSD2 K24Ac were the two acetylated proteins that were most changed. Conclusions Our novel findings provide further understanding of acetylome in GIST and might demonstrate the possibility in the acetylation targeted diagnosis and therapy of GIST.

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