The fate of fossil fuel hydrocarbons in marine animals

1975 ◽  
Vol 189 (1096) ◽  
pp. 391-413 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Marine Animal ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Marine Food Web ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
The Many ◽  
Uptake And Release

Certain hydrocarbons present in crude oil have been detected in several marine animal species as well as algae and sediments. The importance of pollution as a source of these hydrocarbons is briefly considered, as is evidence for their biosynthesis in marine organisms. The problem of whether these compounds, particularly the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are transferred through the marine food web is considered in the light of recent evidence for their uptake and release by various marine animals; and the question of whether they are excreted unchanged or as metabolites is discussed in the context of the many studies that have been made of their fate in mammals.

Qualitative Studies on the Metabolism of Naphthalene in Maia Squinado (Herbst)

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. S. Corner ◽  
C. C. Kilvington ◽  
S. C. M. O'Hara
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
General Investigation ◽  
Marine Crustacean ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Normal Environment ◽  
Marine Food

Many studies have been made on the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mammals and it has been shown that these animals can convert compounds such as naphthalene into several metabolites (see, for example, Corner & Young, 1955). Baldwin (1957) has remarked on the ability of mammals to metabolize substances that they are unlikely to meet ‘except through the medium of the laboratory’. Marine animals, how-ever, can encounter these compounds in their normal environment, considerable quantities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons being present in crude oil (Boylan & Tripp, 1971), in which form substantial amounts must be released into the sea annually.Little work has been done on the metabolism of naphthalene in marine animals, apart from studies confined – as far as we are aware – to experiments with three species of fish (Lee, Sauerheber & Dobbs, 1972) and the mussel Mytilus edulis L. (Lee, Sauerheber & Benson, 1972). Data obtained using fish were consistent with those of earlier studies with mammals in showing that the hydrocarbon is converted into hydroxylated derivatives: but no evidence of naphthalene metabolism was found in the experiments with Mytilus. Indeed, until the present work, the only species of invertebrate that has been found to metabolize the compound is the housefly Musca domestica L. (Terriere, Boose & Roubal, 1961).The present study, using Maia squinado (Herbst), has been carried out as part of a general investigation of the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine food chains and was designed to establish whether a marine crustacean possesses a means of metabolizing naphthalene by converting it into soluble excretion products.

scholarly journals Kontaminasi Senyawa Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrokarbon (PAH) dalam Sedimen Di DAS Gending, Probolinggo

DEPIK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
Edward Edward
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are very toxic and persistent environmental contaminants. This study were carried out in Gending watershed Probolinggo in March 2014, the propose of this research was to known  the concentrations and possible sources of 16 PAHs (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) classified by the United State Environmental Protection Agency as priority pollutants.   Sediment samples were taken by using a sediment sampler at 6 research stations. The concentration of PAH were determined  using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)  and the sources using individual ratio diagnose method. The results show that  the concentration of PAHs in  sediment still low and fixed with the safe threshold values for waters organisms. Individual PAH dominated by high molecule weight PAHs. The results of PAHs ratio individual analysis showed that PAHs sources in sediment derived from a variety of sources such as; oil spill, oil combustion and combustion of organic materials. To reduce the level of PAHs pollution in sediment in Gending watersheds need to make efficiency in using of fossil fuel, reduce oil spill and  combustion of oil and organic materials and implementing of laws and sanctions against polluters.

scholarly journals Ecotoxicity and Associated Threat of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) to Biodiversity: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idris Umar Zungum ◽  
Tijjani Sabiu Imam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Petroleum Fuels ◽  
Complex Organic

There is a sustained rise in incidence of cancer and toxicity related to chemicals exerting enormous burden to public health and biodiversity. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are mong such contaminants, precisely the sixteen-priority characterized by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Therefore, this review is aimed at further elaboration about the 16 USEPA characterized PAHs and threat portend to public health and biodiversity. PAHs are a class of very stable organic pollutants produced most commonly, by incomplete combustion of fossil fuel and are formed when complex organic substances are exposed to heat. PAHs in great amount due to build up over time by bioaccumulation can be perilous: to human beings of all age and levels, aquatic organisms, amphibians and reptiles. The soil like the aquatic environment contains substantial quantity of PAHs since, atmospheric PAHs sediments on the soil due to dry and wet deposition, terrestrial organism are impacted if the soil is saturated with PAHs. Therefore, PAHs are a great source of trepidation for food safety, public health and biodiversity sustenance. Hence, tackling the spade of the menacing ubiquity of PAHs becomes necessary from its sources by encouragement of alternatives to petroleum fuels for machines and vehicles.

The Assessment of Contamination and Source of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from the Sediments of the Someş River

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Vlad Pӑnescu ◽  
◽  
Mihaela Cӑtӑlina Herghelegiu ◽  
Sorin Pop ◽  
Mircea Anton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic
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