From trickle to flood: the large-scale, cryptic invasion of California by tropical fruit flies

Since 1954, when the first tropical tephritid fruit fly was detected in California, a total of 17 species in four genera and 11 386 individuals (adults/larvae) have been detected in the state at more than 3348 locations in 330 cities. We conclude from spatial mapping analyses of historical capture patterns and modelling that, despite the 250+ emergency eradication projects that have been directed against these pests by state and federal agencies, a minimum of five and as many as nine or more tephritid species are established and widespread, including the Mediterranean, Mexican and oriental fruit flies, and possibly the peach, guava and melon fruit flies. We outline and discuss the evidence for our conclusions, with particular attention to the incremental, chronic and insidious nature of the invasion, which involves ultra-small, barely detectable populations. We finish by considering the implications of our results for invasion biology and for science-based invasion policy.

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Diversity and seasonality of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae) and their parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae and Figitidae) in orchards of guava, loquat and peach

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842009000100004 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 31-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

MF. Souza-Filho ◽

A. Raga ◽

JA. Azevedo-Filho ◽

PC. Strikis ◽

JA. Guimarães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Ceratitis Capitata ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

Parasitoid Species ◽

Seasonal Behavior ◽

Leptopilina Boulardi ◽

Torula Yeast ◽

Tephritid Species

This work was carried out in orchards of guava progenies, and loquat and peach cultivars, in Monte Alegre do Sul, SP, Brazil, in 2002 and 2003. Guavas and loquats were bagged and unbagged bi-weekly and weekly, respectively, for assessment of the infestation period. Peach was only bagged weekly. The assays started when the fruits were at the beginning of development, but still green. Ripe fruits were taken to the laboratory and placed individually into plastic cups. McPhail plastic traps containing torula yeast were hung from January 2002 to January 2004 to assess the fruit fly population in each orchard, but only the Ceratitis capitata population is here discussed. Five tephritid species were reared from the fruits: Anastrepha bistrigata Bezzi, A. fraterculus (Wiedemann), A. obliqua (Macquart), A. sororcula Zucchi, and C. capitata, in addition to six lonchaeid species: Neosilba certa (Walker), N. glaberrima (Wiedemann), N. pendula (Bezzi), N. zadolicha McAlpine and Steyskal, Neosilba sp. 4, and Neosilba sp. 10 (both species are in the process of being described by P. C. Strikis), as well as some unidentified Neosilba species. Ten parasitoid species were obtained from fruit fly puparia, of which five were braconids: Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck), Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), D. brasiliensis (Szépligeti), Opius bellus Gahan, and Utetes anastrephae (Viereck), and five figitids: Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes), Dicerataspis grenadensis Ashmead, Lopheucoila anastrephae (Rhower), Leptopilina boulardi (Barbotin, Carlton and Kelner-Pillaut), and Trybliographa infuscata Diaz, Gallardo and Uchôa. Ceratitis capitata showed a seasonal behavior with population density peaking at the second semester of each year. Anastrepha and Neosilba species remained in the orchards throughout both years.

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Population fluctuation of fruit fly Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in guava (Psidium guajava L.) accesses produced in organic system

Acta Agronómica ◽

10.15446/acag.v68n1.66263 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Juliana Altafin Galli ◽

Marcos Doniseti Michelotto ◽

Maria Beatriz Bernardes Soares ◽

Antônio Lucio Mello Martins ◽

Ivan Herman Fischer

Keyword(s):

Meteorological Factors ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

Population Fluctuation ◽

Organic System ◽

Tropical Fruit ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Entire Duration ◽

Longitudinal Cutting

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) presented prominence among the tropical fruit. Guava exports are still unimpressive, because of the quarantine pests, among them the fruit flies. The present research had as objective to evaluate the population fluctuation of fruit flies Anastrepha spp. and the fruits infestation caused in guava accesses cultivated in organic system, and study the possible correlations between this pest and meteorological factors. To estimate population fluctuation, 20 yellow sticky traps were used. The reviews were initiated in April 2013, for 378 days. The traps were kept in the field for the entire duration of the experiment, and they were reviewed every 14 days in most cases, during replacement of traps for new ones. With the data, simple correlations were calculated between the fruit flies of the genus Anastrepha spp., the temperature, and precipitation. Nine fruits per accession, at the stage of maturation, were taken to the laboratory and evaluated for fruit fly infestation by the longitudinal cutting of fruit. The averages were compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The genus Anastrepha was found in greater quantity, and there is no correlation between the meteorological factors and population fluctuation of Anastrepha. Also was found some individuals of the species Ceratitis capitata. Most of the fruits of the evaluated accesses presented high infestations by fruit flies. Accesses IAC – 4 – Cica noteworthy for not presenting any infested fruit, without differing from accesses Taquaritinga Comum, both red. The accesses Torrão de Ouro, Supreme BA, L2P4, and Supreme, also showed low numbers of fruit attacked.

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Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Leaves and Fruits of Juniperus foetidissima and Their Attractancy and Toxicity to Two Economically Important Tephritid Fruit Fly Species, Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha suspensa

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26247504 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (24) ◽

pp. 7504

Author(s):

Mehmet Kurtca ◽

Ibrahim Tumen ◽

Hasan Keskin ◽

Nurhayat Tabanca ◽

Xiangbing Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Ceratitis Capitata ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Anastrepha Suspensa ◽

Caribbean Fruit Fly ◽

Tephritid Species ◽

Tephritid Fruit Flies

The present study analyzed the chemical composition of Juniperus foetidissima Willd. essential oils (EOs) and evaluated their attractancy and toxicity to two agriculturally important tephritid fruit flies. The composition of hydrodistilled EOs obtained from leaves (JFLEO) and fruits (JFFEO) of J. foetidissima was analyzed by GC–FID and GC–MS. The main compounds were α-pinene (45%) and cedrol (18%) in the JFLEO and α-pinene (42%), α-thujone (12%), and β-thujone (25%) in the JFFEO. In behavioral bioassays of the male Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), both JFLEO and JFFEO showed strong attraction comparable to that observed with two positive controls, Melaleuca alternifolia and Tetradenia riparia EOs. In topical bioassays of the female Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), the toxicity of JFFEO was two-fold higher than that of JFLEO, with the LD50 values being 10.46 and 22.07 µg/µL, respectively. This could be due to differences in chemical components between JFLEO and JFFEO. The JFFEO was dominated by 48% monoterpene hydrocarbons (MH) and 46% oxygenated monoterpenes (OM), while JFLEO consisted of 57% MH, 18% OM, and 20% oxygenated sesquiterpenes (OS). This is the first study to evaluate the attractancy and toxicity of J. foetidissima EOs to tephritid fruit flies. Our results indicate that JFFEO has the potential for application to the management of pest tephritid species, and further investigation is warranted.

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Invasive potential of tropical fruit flies in temperate regions under climate change

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-02599-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Paul Gutierrez ◽

Luigi Ponti ◽

Markus Neteler ◽

David Maxwell Suckling ◽

José Ricardo Cure

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Invasive Species ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

The United States ◽

Geographic Range ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

Biological Data ◽

Tropical Fruit ◽

Holistic Understanding

AbstractTropical fruit flies are considered among the most economically important invasive species detected in temperate areas of the United States and the European Union. Detections often trigger quarantine and eradication programs that are conducted without a holistic understanding of the threat posed. Weather-driven physiologically-based demographic models are used to estimate the geographic range, relative abundance, and threat posed by four tropical tephritid fruit flies (Mediterranean fruit fly, melon fly, oriental fruit fly, and Mexican fruit fly) in North and Central America, and the European-Mediterranean region under extant and climate change weather (RCP8.5 and A1B scenarios). Most temperate areas under tropical fruit fly propagule pressure have not been suitable for establishment, but suitability is predicted to increase in some areas with climate change. To meet this ongoing challenge, investments are needed to collect sound biological data to develop mechanistic models to predict the geographic range and relative abundance of these and other invasive species, and to put eradication policies on a scientific basis.

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Seasonal Abundance and Diversity of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Three Types of Plant Formations in Western Burkina Faso, West Africa

Annals of the Entomological Society of America ◽

10.1093/aesa/saaa004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 (5) ◽

pp. 343-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Issaka Zida ◽

Souleymane Nacro ◽

Rémy Dabiré ◽

Irénée Somda

Keyword(s):

Burkina Faso ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽

Seasonal Abundance ◽

Mass Trapping ◽

Tephritid Species ◽

Study Sites ◽

Western Burkina Faso

Abstract Fruit flies are significant insect pests, worldwide. Tephritid species diversity and their seasonal abundance were investigated over 2 yr (May 2017 to May 2019) in Western Burkina Faso. A mass trapping experiment consisting of 288 Tephri Trap types, operating with four types of parapheromones comprising methyl eugenol, terpinyl acetate, trimedlure, and cue lure and an insecticide (Dichlorvos), was used for attracting and killing insects. Plant formations including natural fallows, mango orchards, and agroforestry parks in each of the six study sites were selected for data collection. Twenty-nine tephritid species belonging to 10 genera were identified. Fourteen fruit fly species were identified for the first time in Burkina Faso. The genera Ceratitis MacLeay (Diptera : Tephritidae) and Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae) with, respectively, 14 and 7 species recorded were the most represented. The dominant species caught was the invasive Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) followed by Ceratitis cosyra Walker (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Ceratitis silvestrii Bezzi (Diptera: Tephritidae). The fruit fly population density was very high during the rainy season, with peaks occurring in June or July. The fruit fly species were generally more abundant during the hot and rainy seasons than during the cold and dry seasons. The highest diversity was recorded in natural fallows, as compared with the mango orchards and agroforestry parks. Tephritid species found refuge in the mango orchards during the dry and cold periods. The results of that investigation may be used for developing a sustainable pest management strategy for commercial orchards.

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Possible Distribution and Establishment of Two Species of Tropical Fruit Flies, Melon Fly and Oriental Fruit Fly, in Japan and Its Adjacent Temperate Countries

Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology ◽

10.1303/jjaez.8.91 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 91-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kiyoaki KOIDSUMI ◽

Kikuo SHIBATA

Keyword(s):

Fruit Fly ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

Oriental Fruit Fly ◽

Tropical Fruit ◽

Melon Fly

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Opiine parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of tropical fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of the Australian and South Pacific region

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1079/ber2005383 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 95 (6) ◽

pp. 545-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

A.E. Carmichael ◽

R.A. Wharton ◽

A.R. Clarke

Keyword(s):

South Pacific ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

Pacific Region ◽

Colour Morph ◽

Undescribed Species ◽

The South ◽

Tropical Fruit ◽

Psyttalia Concolor

AbstractOpiine wasps are parasitoids of dacine fruit flies, the primary horticultural pests of Australia and the South Pacific. A taxonomic synopsis and distribution and host records (44% of which are new) for each of the 15 species of dacine-parasitizing opiine braconids found in the South Pacific is presented. Species dealt with are Diachasmimorpha hageni (Fullaway), D. kraussii (Fullaway), D. longicaudata (Ashmead), D. tryoni (Cameron), Fopius arisanus (Sonan), F. deeralensis (Fullaway), F. ferrari Carmichael & Wharton sp. n., F. illusorius (Fischer) comb. n., F. schlingeri Wharton, Opius froggatti Fullaway, Psyttalia fijiensis (Fullaway), P. muesebecki (Fischer), P. novaguineensis (Szépligeti) and Utetes perkinsi (Fullaway). A potentially undescribed species, which may be a colour morph of F. vandenboschi (Fullaway), is diagnosed but not formally described. Fopius vandenboschi sensu stricto, Diachasmimorpha fullawayi Silvestri, Psyttalia concolor Szépligeti and P. incisi Silvestri have been liberated into the region but are not considered to have established: a brief diagnosis of each is included. Biosteres illusorius Fischer is formally transferred to the genus Fopius. A single opiine specimen reared from a species of Bactrocera (Bulladacus) appears to be Utetes albimanus (Szépligeti), but damage to this specimen and to the holotype (the only previously known specimen) means that this species remains unconfirmed as a fruit fly parasite: a diagnosis of U. cf. albimanus is provided. Psyttalia novaguineensis could not be adequately separated from P. fijiensis using previously published characterizations and further work to resolve this complex is recommended. A key is provided to all taxa.

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Possible Distribution and Establishment of Two Species of Tropical Fruit Flies, Melon Fly and Oriental Fruit Fly, in Japan and Its Adjacent Temperate Countries

Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology ◽

10.1303/jjaez.8.179 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 179-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kiyoaki KOIDSUMI ◽

Kikuo SHIBATA

Keyword(s):

Fruit Fly ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

Oriental Fruit Fly ◽

Tropical Fruit ◽

Melon Fly

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The Carpomyini Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of Europe, Caucasus, and Middle East: New Records of Pests, with Improved Keys

Vestnik Zoologii ◽

10.2478/vzoo-2017-0056 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (6) ◽

pp. 453-470 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

V. A. Korneyev ◽

R. I. Mishustin ◽

S. V. Korneyev

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Caspian Sea ◽

New Records ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

The Caspian Sea ◽

First Time ◽

Melon Fruit ◽

Melon Fruit Fly

Abstract Based on previously unpublished specimens from the collection of I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology (Kyiv), all the species of the tribe Carpomyini known to occur in Europe and Asia westwards of the Caspian Sea and Afghanistan, are listed. The melon fruit fly, Carrpomya (Myiopardalis) pardalina (Bigot) is recorded for the first time from Ukraine and Europe, and Carpomya (s. str.) vesuviana (A. Costa, 1854) for continental Ukraine, based on collection material. Carpomya (Goniglossum) liat (Freidberg, 2016), comb. n., is established as Goniglossum has not been adopted at the genus rank. New records and illustrated keys to species are given.

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