scholarly journals The assembly of ant-farmed gardens: mutualism specialization following host broadening

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1850) ◽  
pp. 20161759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Chomicki ◽  
Milan Janda ◽  
Susanne S. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Host Spectrum ◽  
Ant Gardens

Ant-gardens (AGs) are ant/plant mutualisms in which ants farm epiphytes in return for nest space and food rewards. They occur in the Neotropics and Australasia, but not in Africa, and their evolutionary assembly remains unclear. We here use phylogenetic frameworks for important AG lineages in Australasia, namely the ant genus Philidris and domatium-bearing ferns ( Lecanopteris ) and flowering plants in the Apocynaceae ( Hoya and Dischidia ) and Rubiaceae ( Myrmecodia , Hydnophytum , Anthorrhiza , Myrmephytum and Squamellaria ). Our analyses revealed that in these clades, diaspore dispersal by ants evolved at least 13 times, five times in the Late Miocene and Pliocene in Australasia and seven times during the Pliocene in Southeast Asia, after Philidris ants had arrived there, with subsequent dispersal between these two areas. A uniquely specialized AG system evolved in Fiji at the onset of the Quaternary. The farming in the same AG of epiphytes that do not offer nest spaces suggests that a broadening of the ants' plant host spectrum drove the evolution of additional domatium-bearing AG-epiphytes by selecting on pre-adapted morphological traits. Consistent with this, we found a statistical correlation between the evolution of diaspore dispersal by ants and domatia in all three lineages. Our study highlights how host broadening by a symbiont has led to new farming mutualisms.

scholarly journals SPESIES TUMBUHAN ASLI, INTRODUKSI DAN INVASIF DI PULAU BARRANGCADDI SULAWESI SELATAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dody Priosambodo ◽  
Khairul Amri ◽  
Mahatma Lanuru
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
South China ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Check List ◽  
Field Guide

Penelitian tentang inventarisasi spesies tumbuhan di pulau Barrangcaddi yang berpenduduk padat telah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tumbuhan asli, tumbuhan introduksi dan tumbuhan invasif di Pulau Barrangcaddi. Kegiatan sampling dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Data diambil dengan mencatat semua spesies tumbuhan yang ditemukan selama penjelajahan di pulau Barrangcaddi. Seluruh sampel di foto. Sampel tumbuhan yang tidak diketahui namanya, di ambil bagian-bagiannya, kemudian dikoleksi dan diidentifikasi di laboratorium Ilmu Lingkungan dan Kelautan, Departemen Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Hasanuddin. Identifikasi sampel menggunakan buku: An Annotated Check-List of The Vascular Plants of The South China Sea and Its Shores oleh Turner et al. (2000) dan Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia oleh Wim Giesen et al. (2007) untuk spesies hutan pantai; Tropical flowering plants: a guide to identification and cultivation oleh Kirsten Albrecht Llamas (2003) untuk spesies tanaman hias dan tanaman budidaya/introduksi serta Nonnative Invasive Plants of Pacific Coast Forest. A Field Guide for Identification oleh Gray et al. (2011) dan Guide to The Naturalized and Invasive Plants of Southeast Asia oleh Arne Witt (2017) untuk spesies tumbuhan invasif. Dari hasil penelitian di pulau Barrangcaddi tercatat sebanyak 142 spesies tumbuhan dari 51 suku. Sebagian besar didominasi oleh tanaman hias dan budidaya (introduksi) dengan 103 spesies dari 42 suku diikuti spesies asli (native species) dengan jumlah 29 spesies dari 19 suku. Spesies invasif tercatat paling sedikit dengan jumlah 10 spesies dari 5 suku. Sebagian besar tutupan vegetasi dari spesies asli telah hilang akibat alih fungsi lahan menjadi permukiman.

A new species of Cuora (Testudines: Geoemydidae) from the Miocene of Thailand and its evolutionary significance

2013 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 908-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILAILUCK NAKSRI ◽  
HAIYAN TONG ◽  
KOMSORN LAUPRASERT ◽  
VARAVUDH SUTEETHORN ◽  
JULIEN CLAUDE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Box Turtles ◽  
Early Late ◽  
A New Species

AbstractA new species of Cuora, Cuora chiangmuanensis sp. nov., is described on the basis of a nearly complete shell with limb bones from the late Middle – early Late Miocene Chiang Muan Mine, Phayao Province (Northern Thailand). C. chiangmuanensis is distinguished from other fossil and living Cuora species mainly on the basis of its plastral morphology. Among fossil and extant Cuora taxa, the new species appears to be a missing link between the taxa from Southeast Asia and those from East Asia. It represents the earliest record of the genus and demonstrates that by 11–12 Ma, Asian box turtles were already present in Southeast Asia.

scholarly journals Morphological traits of new sunflower lines resistant to broomrape race G

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
N.М. Araslanova ◽  
◽  
Т.S. Antonova ◽  
S.Z. Guсhetl ◽  
Т.А. Chelyustnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
The State ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
State Commission ◽  
Different Origin ◽  
Russian Research

The work was conducted in the laboratory of immunity of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops during 2016–2020. Twelve homozygous lines resistant to broomrape races A–G were developed from the sources of different origin. A line RG and other five: RGL1, RGL2, RGР1, RGР2, and RGВ, were described in the previous articles (Antonova et al., 2016, Araslanova et al., 2020) [1; 2]. Further new lines we named as 2RGB, 2RGN, 2RGL, 2RGS, 2RGNV, and 2RGA. We tested these lines for distinguishability, homogeneity and stability according to a technique “Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)” stated in a publication RTG/01/3 “Common introduction into testing of distinguishability, homogeneity and stability and compilation of description” of 22.07.2002 No 12-06/52 (Official bulletin of the State Commission No 6, 2002) [3]. The new lines also as the previous ones are differed from each other by their morphological traits, such as duration of a period from emergence to plants flowering, plants height, shape and color of a leaf and ray flower, etc. This description of the lines resistant to broomrape race G can be used in breeding practice at development of sunflower hybrids.

scholarly journals The first Neogene record ofZygolophodon(Mammalia, Proboscidea) in Thailand: implications for the mammutid evolution and dispersal in Southeast Asia

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroon Duangkrayom ◽  
Shi-Qi Wang ◽  
Tao Deng ◽  
Pratueng Jintasakul
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
First Record ◽  
New Material ◽  
Sand Pits ◽  
Upper Third ◽  
Early Late ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

AbstractLower and upper third molars of a proboscidean from the Tha Chang sand pits, Nakhon Ratchasima, northeastern Thailand, show a zygodont pattern. The crescentoids are less well developed than those of the type specimen ofZygolophodon gobiensisbut similar to those of late Miocene specimens from south China assigned toZ.lufengensisandZ.chinjiensis. On the other hand, the loph(id)s are less oblique and the zygodont crests are less well developed than inZ.lufengensisandZ.chinjiensis. However, it is difficult to erect a new species for these specimens because their anterior loph(id)s are so deeply worn that the morphology of the conelets on these loph(id)s is unclear. Thus, we identify the specimens asZygolophodonsp.Zygolophodonis known from lower and middle Miocene sediments in Africa while they are usually dated to the early–late Miocene in Europe, South Asia such as Pakistan, and Central and North China. Based on its apparent grade of dental evolution, the new material ofZygolophodonfrom Thailand is probably late Miocene in age. In addition, this discovery is the first record of a zygodont proboscidean in Southeast Asia.

On The Possibility of an Autonomous History of Modern Southeast Asia

1961 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. W. Small
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

It is generally accepted that history is an element of culture and the historian a member of society, thus, in Croce's aphorism, that the only true history is contemporary history. It follows from this that when there occur great changes in the contemporary scene, there must also be great changes in historiography, that the vision not merely of the present but also of the past must change.

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula J. Rudall
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Plants
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document