scholarly journals Highly heritable and functionally relevant breed differences in dog behaviour

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1912) ◽  
pp. 20190716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan L. MacLean ◽  
Noah Snyder-Mackler ◽  
Bridgett M. vonHoldt ◽  
James A. Serpell
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
Trait Variance ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Shed Light

Variation across dog breeds presents a unique opportunity to investigate the evolution and biological basis of complex behavioural traits. We integrated behavioural data from more than 14 000 dogs from 101 breeds with breed-averaged genotypic data ( n = 5697 dogs) from over 100 000 loci in the dog genome. We found high levels of among-breed heritability for 14 behavioural traits (the proportion of trait variance attributable to genetic similarity among breeds). We next identified 131 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with breed differences in behaviour, which were found in genes that are highly expressed in the brain and enriched for neurobiological functions and developmental processes, suggesting that they may be functionally associated with behavioural differences. Our results shed light on the heritability and genetic architecture of complex behavioural traits and identify dogs as a powerful model in which to address these questions.

scholarly journals Highly Heritable and Functionally Relevant Breed Differences in Dog Behavior

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan L MacLeant ◽  
Noah Snyder-Mackler ◽  
Bridgett M. vonHoldt ◽  
James A. Serpell
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractVariation across dog breeds presents a unique opportunity for investigating the evolution and biological basis of complex behavioral traits. We integrated behavioral data from more than 17,000 dogs from 101 breeds with breed-averaged genotypic data (N = 5,697 dogs) from over 100,000 loci in the dog genome. Across 14 traits, we found that breed differences in behavior are highly heritable, and that clustering of breeds based on behavior accurately recapitulates genetic relationships. We identify 131 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with breed differences in behavior, which are found in genes that are highly expressed in the brain and enriched for neurobiological functions and developmental processes. Our results provide insight into the heritability and genetic architecture of complex behavioral traits, and suggest that dogs provide a powerful model for these questions.

scholarly journals Genome resequencing reveals demographic history and genetic architecture of seed salinity tolerance in Populus euphratica

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (14) ◽  
pp. 4308-4320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huixia Jia ◽  
Guangjian Liu ◽  
Jianbo Li ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Pei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Populus Euphratica ◽  
Tectonic Deformation ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genome Resequencing ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations

Abstract Populus euphratica is a dominant tree species in desert riparian forests and possesses extraordinary adaptation to salinity stress. Exploration of its genomic variation and molecular underpinning of salinity tolerance is important for elucidating population evolution and identifying stress-related genes. Here, we identify approximately 3.15 million single nucleotide polymorphisms using whole-genome resequencing. The natural populations of P. euphratica in northwest China are divided into four distinct clades that exhibit strong geographical distribution patterns. Pleistocene climatic fluctuations and tectonic deformation jointly shaped the extant genetic patterns. A seed germination rate-based salinity tolerance index was used to evaluate seed salinity tolerance of P. euphratica and a genome-wide association study was implemented. A total of 38 single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with seed salinity tolerance and were located within or near 82 genes. Expression profiles showed that most of these genes were regulated under salt stress, revealing the genetic complexity of seed salinity tolerance. Furthermore, DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 57 and one undescribed gene (CCG029559) were demonstrated to improve the seed salinity tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. These results provide new insights into the demographic history and genetic architecture of seed salinity tolerance in desert poplar.

scholarly journals The combination of single nucleotide polymorphisms rs6720173 (ABCG5), rs3808607 (CYP7A1), and rs760241 (DHCR7) is associated with differing serum cholesterol responses to dairy consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1090-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad M.H. Abdullah ◽  
Peter K. Eck ◽  
Patrick Couture ◽  
Benoît Lamarche ◽  
Peter J.H. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Dairy Consumption

Existing evidence on the influence of genetic architecture on serum cholesterol responsiveness to dietary interventions focuses on individual single nucleotide polymorphisms and single nutrients. We associated the combination of ABCG5 rs6720173-C, CYP7A1 rs3808607-TT, and DHCR7 rs760241-GG genotypes with lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations relative to the combination of rs6720173-GG, rs3808607-G, and rs760241-A genotypes (–0.37 ± 0.12 (n = 9) vs. +0.38 ± 0.14 mmol/L (n = 7), p = 0.0016) following a blended dairy (3 servings/day for 4 weeks) intervention.

scholarly journals Genetics of Canine Behavior

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Houpt
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Specific Behavior ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
The Right ◽  
Canine Behavior

Canine behavioral genetics is a rapidly moving area of research. In this review, breed differences in behavior are emphasized. Dog professionals' opinions of the various breeds on many behavior traits reveal factors such as reactivity, aggression, ease of training and immaturity. Heritability of various behaviors - hunting ability, playfulness, and aggression to people and other dogs - has been calculated. The neurotransmitters believed to be involved in aggression are discussed. The gene for aggression remains elusive, but identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with breed-specific behavior traits are leading us in the right direction. The unique syndrome of aggression found in English Springer Spaniels may be a model for detecting the gene involved.

scholarly journals DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A but not COMT single nucleotide polymorphisms contribute to the link between temporal impulsivity and obesity in men

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Morys ◽  
Jakob Simmank ◽  
Annette Horstmann
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Dopaminergic Transmission ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Interactions ◽  
The Brain

AbstractTemporal impulsivity, the tendency to choose a smaller, sooner over a larger, delayed reward, is associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in COMT and DRD2-related ANKK1 genes, whose products regulate dopaminergic transmission in the brain. Temporal impulsivity is also consistently associated with obesity, sometimes in a genderdependent fashion. Further, there seems to be no direct association between these SNPs and obesity. In this study, we investigated an interaction between BMI, COMT, and DRD2/ANKK1 SNPs, and temporal impulsivity. We tested three plausible models of associations between those variables: (1) genetic variability influencing BMI through temporal impulsivity and gender interactions, (2) genetic variability interacting with temporal impulsivity to influence BMI, (3) interaction of BMI and genetic variability influencing temporal impulsivity. We found evidence for the second model: in men, BMI was dependent on temporal impulsivity and the DRD2/ANKK1 SNP. It shows that increased temporal impulsivity combined with a disadvantageous DRD2/ANKK1 genotype might be a vulnerability factor for the development of obesity. Our study, even though cross-sectional, adds to the body of literature regarding the influence of the dopaminergic system on obesity measures. Our results point to a factor explaining discrepancies in results regarding associations of temporal impulsivity and BMI in women and men.

Exploring the Hypothesis of a Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Continuum: Biological, Genetic and Pharmacologic Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Reynolds de Sousa ◽  
Diogo Telles Correia ◽  
Filipa Novais
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Calcium Regulation ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Cellular Calcium ◽  
Shed Light

: Present time nosology has its roots in Kraepelin’s demarcation of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, accumulating evidence has shed light on several commonalities between the two disorders, and some authors have advocated for the consideration of a disease continuum. Here, we review previous genetic, biological and pharmacological findings that provide the basis for this conceptualization. There is a cross-disease heritability, and they share single-nucleotide polymorphisms in some common genes. EEG and imaging patterns have a number of similarities, namely reduced white matter integrity and abnormal connectivity. Dopamine, serotonin, GABA and glutamate systems have dysfunctional features, some of which are identical among the disorders. Finally, cellular calcium regulation and mitochondrial function are, also, impaired in the two.

scholarly journals Expression analysis and single-nucleotide polymorphisms of <i>SYNDIG1L</i> and <i>UNC13C</i> genes associated with thoracic vertebral numbers in sheep (<i>Ovis aries</i>)

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Ying-Jie Zhong ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Xiang-Yu Wang ◽  
Ran Di ◽  
Ming-Xing Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
The Brain

Abstract. The objective of the current study was to analyze expression levels of synapse differentiation inducing 1-like (SYNDIG1L) and unc-13 homolog C (UNC13C) genes in different tissues, while single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of two genes were associated with multiple thoracic vertebrae traits in both Small-tailed Han sheep (STH) and Sunite sheep (SNT). The expression levels of SYNDIG1L and UNC13C were analyzed in the brain, cerebellum, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, adrenal gland, uterine horn, longissimus muscle, and abdominal adipose tissues of two sheep breeds with different thoracic vertebral number (TVN) sheep (T13 groups and T14 groups) by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Meanwhile, the polymorphisms of UNC13C gene g.52919279C>T and SYNDIG1L gene g.82573325C>A in T14 and T13 were genotyped by the Sequenom MassARRAY® SNP assay, and association analysis was performed with the TVN. The results demonstrated that UNC13C gene was extensively expressed in 11 tissues. The expression of UNC13C gene in longissimus muscle of T14 groups of STH was significantly higher than that of T13 groups (P<0.05). SYNDIG1L gene was overexpressed in brain and cerebellum tissues, and the expression level of UNC13C gene in the brain and cerebellum of T13 groups in SNT was significantly higher than that of T14 groups (P<0.01). Association analysis showed that SNPs found in the UNC13C gene had no significant effects on TVN for both two genes. The polymorphism of SYNDIG1L g.82573325C>A was significantly correlated with the TVN in both STH (P<0.05) and SNT (P<0.01). Taken together, the SYNDIG1L gene was related to thoracic vertebral development, and this variation may be potentially used as a molecular marker to select the multiple thoracic vertebrae in sheep.

scholarly journals Multivariate association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in Alzgene linkage regions and structural changes in the brain: discovery, refinement and validation

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Szefer ◽  
Donghuan Lu ◽  
Farouk Nathoo ◽  
Mirza Faisal Beg ◽  
Jinko Graham
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Initial Discovery ◽  
Discovery Stage ◽  
The Brain

AbstractUsing publicly-available data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, we investigate the joint association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in previously established linkage regions for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and rates of decline in brain structure. In an initial, discovery stage of analysis, we applied a weighted

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