scholarly journals Early-life behaviour predicts first-year survival in a long-distance avian migrant

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1942) ◽  
pp. 20202670
Author(s):  
Shay Rotics ◽  
Sondra Turjeman ◽  
Michael Kaatz ◽  
Damaris Zurell ◽  
Martin Wikelski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
First Year ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Body Acceleration ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Migratory Experience

Early-life conditions have critical, long-lasting effects on the fate of individuals, yet early-life activity has rarely been linked to subsequent survival of animals in the wild. Using high-resolution GPS and body-acceleration data of 93 juvenile white storks ( Ciconia ciconia ), we examined the links between behaviour during both pre-fledging and post-fledging (fledging-to-migration) periods and subsequent first-year survival. Juvenile daily activity (based on overall dynamic body acceleration) showed repeatable between-individual variation, the juveniles' pre- and post-fledging activity levels were correlated and both were positively associated with subsequent survival. Daily activity increased gradually throughout the post-fledging period, and the relationship between post-fledging activity and survival was stronger in individuals who increased their daily activity level faster (an interaction effect). We suggest that high activity profiles signified individuals with increased pre-migratory experience, higher individual quality and perhaps more proactive personality, which could underlie their superior survival rates. The duration of individuals’ fledging-to-migration periods had a hump-shaped relationship with survival: higher survival was associated with intermediate rather than short or long durations. Short durations reflect lower pre-migratory experience, whereas very long ones were associated with slower increases in daily activity level which possibly reflects slow behavioural development. In accordance with previous studies, heavier nestlings and those that hatched and migrated earlier had increased survival. Using extensive tracking data, our study exposed new links between early-life attributes and survival, suggesting that early activity profiles in migrating birds can explain variation in first-year survival.

scholarly journals 82 The impact of feeding treats containing cannabidiol (CBD) on the daily activity level of dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M Morris ◽  
Susanna E Kitts-Morgan ◽  
Dawn M Spangler ◽  
Kyle R McLeod ◽  
David L Harmon
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Quiet Time ◽  
Activity Duration ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Growing public interest in and use of Cannabidiol (CBD) in companion animals has amplified the need to elucidate potential impacts. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact of CBD on daily activity of adult dogs. Twenty-four dogs (18.0 ± 3.4 kg) were utilized in a randomized complete block design with treatments consisting of control, 2 mg CBD/kg BW/d, and 4 mg CBD/kg BW/d split between two treats administered after twice-daily exercise (7:00-9:00 and 17:00-19:00). Four hours each day (10:00-12:00, AM and 13:30-15:30, PM), were designated as time when no persons entered the kennels, with 2 h designated as Quiet Time and the other 2 h as Music Time, where calming music played over speakers. Quiet and Music sessions were randomly allotted to daily AM or PM times. Activity monitors were fitted to dogs’ collars for continuous collection of activity parameters. Data were collected over a 2-wk baseline period to block dogs by activity level (high or low) before randomly assigning dogs within each block to treatments. After 1 wk of treatment adaptation, activity parameters were collected for 2 wk. Data were tested for normality using the UNIVARIATE procedure in SAS before examining differences using the MIXED procedure in SAS, including effects of treatment, day, session (Quiet or Music), time of day (AM or PM), and accompanying interactions. CBD did not alter total activity points (P = 0.9971) or activity duration (P = 0.8776). CBD tended (P = 0.0692) to reduce scratching compared to control. Irrespective of treatment, dogs were more active in PM than AM (P < 0.0001). Regardless of session, dogs receiving 4 mg/kg/d tended (P = 0.0914) to be less active in the PM than control. CBD did not affect activity duration during exercise periods (P = 0.1425), but dogs receiving CBD ran more than control (P = 0.0339). These results indicate that when supplemented up to 4 mg/kg/d, CBD does not negatively impact daily activity levels of dogs.

scholarly journals Effect of sex, age, and reproductive status on daily activity levels and activity patterns in jaguars (Panthera onca)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Jędrzejewski ◽  
Ilad Vivas ◽  
Maria Abarca ◽  
Margarita Lampo ◽  
Luis G. Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Movement Activity ◽  
Daily Movement ◽  
Reproductive Females

AbstractAll animals, including carnivores, adapt their daily activity duration and distribution to satisfy food demands, breed, or avoid mortality risk. We used the kernel density method to estimate daily movement activity levels and movement activity patterns of jaguars in Hato Piñero, in Venezuelan Western Llanos, based on 3,656 jaguar detection time records from two and a half years of camera trapping. Jaguars were active for 11.7 h per day on average and exhibited mostly nocturnal and crepuscular activity pattern, however, with marked differences between sex/age/reproductive groups. Reproductive females had the highest daily activity level (13.2 h/day), followed by adult males (10.9 h/day), non-reproductive females (10.5 h/day), and cubs (8.7 h/day). Activity patterns also differed, with males and reproductive females having activity peaks at the same hours after sunset and before sunrise, cubs in the night and after sunrise, while non-reproductive females were most active during night hours. This study was the first to document the effect of sex, age, and reproductive status on daily level and activity pattern in the jaguar.

scholarly journals A scalable, satellite-transmitted data product for monitoring high-activity events in mobile aquatic animals

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Skubel ◽  
Kenady Wilson ◽  
Yannis P. Papastamatiou ◽  
Hannah J. Verkamp ◽  
James A. Sulikowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Aquatic Animals ◽  
Receiver Array ◽  
In The Wild

AbstractA growing number of studies are using accelerometers to examine activity level patterns in aquatic animals. However, given the amount of data generated from accelerometers, most of these studies use loggers that archive acceleration data, thus requiring physical recovery of the loggers or acoustic transmission from within a receiver array to obtain the data. These limitations have restricted the duration of tracking (ranging from hours to days) and/or type of species studied (e.g., relatively sessile species or those returning to predictable areas). To address these logistical challenges, we present and test a satellite-transmitted metric for the remote monitoring of changes in activity, measured via a pop-off satellite archival tag (PSAT) with an integrated accelerometer. Along with depth, temperature, and irradiance for geolocation, the PSAT transmits activity data as a time-series (ATS) with a user-programmable resolution. ATS is a count of high-activity events, relative to overall activity/mobility during a summary period. An algorithm is used to identify the high-activity events from accelerometer data and reports the data as a count per time-series interval. Summary statistics describing the data used to identify high-activity events accompany the activity time-series. In this study, we first tested the ATS activity metric through simulating PSAT output from accelerometer data logger archives, comparing ATS to vectorial dynamic body acceleration. Next, we deployed PSATs with ATS under captive conditions with cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Lastly, we deployed seven pop-off satellite archival tags (PSATs) able to collect and transmit ATS in the wild on adult sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus). In the captive trials, we identified both resting and non-resting behavior for species and used logistic regression to compare ATS values with observed activity levels. In captive cobia, ATS was a significant predictor of observed activity levels. For 30-day wild deployments on sandbar sharks, satellites received 57.4–73.2% of the transmitted activity data. Of these ATS datapoints, between 21.9 and 41.2% of records had a concurrent set of temperature, depth, and light measurements. These results suggest that ATS is a practical metric for remotely monitoring and transmitting relative high-activity data in large-bodied aquatic species with variable activity levels, under changing environmental conditions, and across broad spatiotemporal scales.

scholarly journals The assessment of pain, flexibility and daily activity level in the patients who had facet tropism

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Busra Kizilkan ◽  
Cetin Sayaca ◽  
Ozlem Turkoglu
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Joint Angle ◽  
Facet Joint ◽  
Nottingham Health Profile ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Lateral Flexion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Facet Tropism

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The aim of this study to investigate the relationship between asymmetric angular value in lumbar facet joints and pain, flexibility and daily activity level.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study included 51 patients with complaint of low back pain (LBP) and underwent lumbar magnetic resonance imaging. Facet joint angle measurements of L4-L5 and L5-S1 were measured. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for severity of pain. Joint range of motions (ROM) was measured via goniometry. Body extensibility measurements were performed via body hyperextension test. The Nottingham health profile scale was used to assess daily activity level of individuals.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The VAS values of patients with tropism were significantly higher (p=0.016). There wasn’t significance difference in ROM and flexibility (p=0.784). In patient group with facet tropism, there was limit of lateral flexion towards the side where the facet joint angle was larger than the control group (p=0.002). There was no significant difference between daily activity levels of both groups (p=0.755).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Pain severity of facet tropism patients is higher. Patients with facet tropism had lateral flexion restriction. In the light of these findings, when the lateral flexion limitation is detected in individuals with complaints of pain without discopathy, it’s necessary to make MR measurements in differential diagnosis by considering facet joint tropism, and to plan physiotherapy and rehabilitation programs. As a result, tropism should be questioned in patients suffering from LBP and limited lateral flexion. There is need for studies in which different evaluation and treatment methods are applied for tropism.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>

scholarly journals Dynamic body acceleration as a proxy to predict the cost of locomotion in bottlenose dolphins

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin S. Allen ◽  
Andrew J. Read ◽  
K. Alex Shorter ◽  
Joaquin Gabaldon ◽  
Ashley M. Blawas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Energetic Costs ◽  
Cetacean Species ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
Body Acceleration

Estimates of the energetic costs of locomotion (COL) at different activity levels are necessary to answer fundamental eco-physiological questions and to understand the impacts of anthropogenic disturbance to marine mammals. We combined estimates of energetic costs derived from breath-by-breath respirometry with measurements of overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) from biologging tags to validate ODBA as a proxy for COL in trained common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). We measured resting metabolic rate (RMR); mean individual RMR was 0.71-1.42 times that of a similarly sized terrestrial mammal and agreed with past measurements which used breath-by-breath and flow-through respirometry. We also measured energy expenditure during submerged swim trials, at primarily moderate exercise levels. We subtracted RMR to obtain COL, and normalized COL by body size to incorporate individual swimming efficiencies. We found both mass-specific energy expenditure and mass-specific COL were linearly related with ODBA. Measurements of activity level and cost of transport (the energy required to move a given distance) improve understanding of the costs of locomotion in marine mammals. The strength of the correlation between ODBA and COL varied among individuals, but the overall relationship can be used at a broad scale to estimate the energetic costs of disturbance, daily locomotion costs to build energy budgets, and investigate the costs of diving in free-ranging animals where bio-logging data are available. We propose that a similar approach could be applied to other cetacean species.

scholarly journals The Effect of Size on Postrelease Survival of Head-Started Mojave Desert Tortoises

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 494-506
Author(s):  
Pearson A. McGovern ◽  
Kurt A. Buhlmann ◽  
Brian D. Todd ◽  
Clinton T. Moore ◽  
J. Mark Peaden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mojave Desert ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Release Site ◽  
First Year ◽  
Accelerate Growth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
National Preserve ◽  
Captive Rearing

Abstract Captive-rearing conservation programs focus primarily on maximizing postrelease survival. Survival increases with size in a variety of taxa, often leading to the use of enhanced size as a means to minimize postrelease losses. Head-starting is a specific captive-rearing approach used to accelerate growth in captivity prior to release in the wild. We explored the effect of size at release, among other potential factors, on postrelease survival in head-started Mojave desert tortoises Gopherus agassizii. Juvenile tortoises were reared for different durations of captivity (2–7 y) and under varying husbandry protocols, resulting in a wide range of juvenile sizes (68–145 mm midline carapace length) at release. We released all animals (n = 78) in the Mojave National Preserve, California, United States, on 25 September 2018. Release size and surface activity were the only significant predictors of fate during the first year postrelease. Larger sized head-starts had higher predicted survival rates when compared with smaller individuals. This trend was also observed in animals of the same age but reared under different protocols, suggesting that accelerating the growth of head-started tortoises may increase efficiency of head-starting programs without decreasing postrelease success. Excluding five missing animals, released head-starts had 82.2% survival in their first year postrelease (September 2018–September 2019), with all mortalities resulting from predation. No animals with &gt;90-mm midline carapace length were predated by ravens. Our findings suggest the utility of head-starting may be substantially improved by incorporating indoor rearing to accelerate growth. Target release size for head-started chelonians will vary among head-start programs based on release site conditions and project-specific constraints.

scholarly journals Activity Rhythms of Coexisting Red Serow and Chinese Serow at Mt. Gaoligong as Identified by Camera Traps

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixin Chen ◽  
Zhishu Xiao ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Xinwen Wang ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
And Behavior

Surveying the activity rhythms of sympatric herbivorous mammals is essential for understanding their niche ecology, especially for how they partition resources and their mechanisms of coexistence. Over a five-year period, we conducted infrared camera-trapping to monitor the activity rhythms of coexisting red serow (Capricornis rubidus) and Chinese serow (C. milneedwardsii milneedwardsii) in the remote mountainous region of Pianma, Mt. Gaoligong, Yunnan, China. Cameras captured images of red serow and Chinese serow on 157 and 179 occasions, respectively. We used circular kernel density models to analyze daily activity rhythms and how temporal variations in activity ensure their co-existence. Although their overall activity levels and patterns were similar, temporal activity and behavior partitioning among the two species occurred during the wet season. Compared with Chinese serows, red serows exhibited less variable daily activity levels, patterns, as well as feeding and vigilance behaviors between seasons. When the two species occasionally ranged together, red serows tended to alter their activity pattern while Chinese serows significantly increased their activity level. Red serow and Chinese serow are exploitative competitors but coexist by altering their daily activity rhythms when in contact and changing activity patterns during the wet season, enabling their coexistence.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Levels and Their Associations With Postural Control in the First Year After Stroke

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1389-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina U. Persson ◽  
Per-Olof Hansson ◽  
Georgios Lappas ◽  
Anna Danielsson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Stroke Onset ◽  
First Year ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Unit Increase

Abstract Background There is limited research concerning the physical activity levels over time of people who have survived stroke. Objective The study objectives were: (1) to describe self-reported physical activity levels at 3, 6, and 12 months after stroke onset and (2) to analyze whether there was an association between self-reported physical activity level and postural control. Design This was an observational and longitudinal study. Methods Ninety-six participants with a first-ever stroke were assessed for self-reported physical activity levels with the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) in the first year after stroke. Postural control also was assessed with the modified version of the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (SwePASS). Results The raw median PASE scores at 3, 6, and 12 months after stroke were 59.5, 77.5, and 63.5, respectively. The model-estimated relative changes in mean PASE scores (as percentages) followed the same pattern, independent of age, sex, and SwePASS scores. Between 3 and 6 months after stroke, PASE scores increased by 32%, with no significant change between 3 and 12 months and between 6 and 12 months after stroke. For each unit increase in the SwePASS score at baseline, there was a 13% increase in the PASE score during follow-up. Limitations The sample size was limited. Although the PASE is based on the metabolic equivalent of the task, the actual physiological intensity of a person's performance of the activities is unknown. Conclusions Self-reported physical activity levels were low in the first year after stroke. Good postural control in the first week after stroke onset was positively correlated with higher levels of self-reported physical activity in the first year after stroke.

Prey tell: what quillback rockfish early life history traits reveal about their survival in encounters with juvenile coho salmon

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
HW Fennie ◽  
S Sponaugle ◽  
EA Daly ◽  
RD Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Otolith Microstructure Analysis ◽  
Pelagic Juvenile

Predation is a major source of mortality in the early life stages of fishes and a driving force in shaping fish populations. Theoretical, modeling, and laboratory studies have generated hypotheses that larval fish size, age, growth rate, and development rate affect their susceptibility to predation. Empirical data on predator selection in the wild are challenging to obtain, and most selective mortality studies must repeatedly sample populations of survivors to indirectly examine survivorship. While valuable on a population scale, these approaches can obscure selection by particular predators. In May 2018, along the coast of Washington, USA, we simultaneously collected juvenile quillback rockfish Sebastes maliger from both the environment and the stomachs of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. We used otolith microstructure analysis to examine whether juvenile coho salmon were age-, size-, and/or growth-selective predators of juvenile quillback rockfish. Our results indicate that juvenile rockfish consumed by salmon were significantly smaller, slower growing at capture, and younger than surviving (unconsumed) juvenile rockfish, providing direct evidence that juvenile coho salmon are selective predators on juvenile quillback rockfish. These differences in early life history traits between consumed and surviving rockfish are related to timing of parturition and the environmental conditions larval rockfish experienced, suggesting that maternal effects may substantially influence survival at this stage. Our results demonstrate that variability in timing of parturition and sea surface temperature leads to tradeoffs in early life history traits between growth in the larval stage and survival when encountering predators in the pelagic juvenile stage.

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