scholarly journals Activity Rhythms of Coexisting Red Serow and Chinese Serow at Mt. Gaoligong as Identified by Camera Traps

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixin Chen ◽  
Zhishu Xiao ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Xinwen Wang ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
And Behavior

Surveying the activity rhythms of sympatric herbivorous mammals is essential for understanding their niche ecology, especially for how they partition resources and their mechanisms of coexistence. Over a five-year period, we conducted infrared camera-trapping to monitor the activity rhythms of coexisting red serow (Capricornis rubidus) and Chinese serow (C. milneedwardsii milneedwardsii) in the remote mountainous region of Pianma, Mt. Gaoligong, Yunnan, China. Cameras captured images of red serow and Chinese serow on 157 and 179 occasions, respectively. We used circular kernel density models to analyze daily activity rhythms and how temporal variations in activity ensure their co-existence. Although their overall activity levels and patterns were similar, temporal activity and behavior partitioning among the two species occurred during the wet season. Compared with Chinese serows, red serows exhibited less variable daily activity levels, patterns, as well as feeding and vigilance behaviors between seasons. When the two species occasionally ranged together, red serows tended to alter their activity pattern while Chinese serows significantly increased their activity level. Red serow and Chinese serow are exploitative competitors but coexist by altering their daily activity rhythms when in contact and changing activity patterns during the wet season, enabling their coexistence.

scholarly journals Effect of sex, age, and reproductive status on daily activity levels and activity patterns in jaguars (Panthera onca)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Jędrzejewski ◽  
Ilad Vivas ◽  
Maria Abarca ◽  
Margarita Lampo ◽  
Luis G. Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Movement Activity ◽  
Daily Movement ◽  
Reproductive Females

AbstractAll animals, including carnivores, adapt their daily activity duration and distribution to satisfy food demands, breed, or avoid mortality risk. We used the kernel density method to estimate daily movement activity levels and movement activity patterns of jaguars in Hato Piñero, in Venezuelan Western Llanos, based on 3,656 jaguar detection time records from two and a half years of camera trapping. Jaguars were active for 11.7 h per day on average and exhibited mostly nocturnal and crepuscular activity pattern, however, with marked differences between sex/age/reproductive groups. Reproductive females had the highest daily activity level (13.2 h/day), followed by adult males (10.9 h/day), non-reproductive females (10.5 h/day), and cubs (8.7 h/day). Activity patterns also differed, with males and reproductive females having activity peaks at the same hours after sunset and before sunrise, cubs in the night and after sunrise, while non-reproductive females were most active during night hours. This study was the first to document the effect of sex, age, and reproductive status on daily level and activity pattern in the jaguar.

scholarly journals Quantifying daily activity patterns of the spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) using camera trap data from a stronghold population in south-eastern New South Wales

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie K. Courtney Jones ◽  
Katarina M. Mikac
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
New South ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns

Activity levels of spotted-tailed quolls were investigated using camera traps over 12 months. There were 33 independent camera trap photos with 17 individual quolls identified. Latency to initial detection was 40 days. Quolls were nocturnal/crepuscular, spending 35% of the day they were detected active. Highest activity levels were recorded in summer.

scholarly journals 82 The impact of feeding treats containing cannabidiol (CBD) on the daily activity level of dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M Morris ◽  
Susanna E Kitts-Morgan ◽  
Dawn M Spangler ◽  
Kyle R McLeod ◽  
David L Harmon
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Quiet Time ◽  
Activity Duration ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Growing public interest in and use of Cannabidiol (CBD) in companion animals has amplified the need to elucidate potential impacts. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact of CBD on daily activity of adult dogs. Twenty-four dogs (18.0 ± 3.4 kg) were utilized in a randomized complete block design with treatments consisting of control, 2 mg CBD/kg BW/d, and 4 mg CBD/kg BW/d split between two treats administered after twice-daily exercise (7:00-9:00 and 17:00-19:00). Four hours each day (10:00-12:00, AM and 13:30-15:30, PM), were designated as time when no persons entered the kennels, with 2 h designated as Quiet Time and the other 2 h as Music Time, where calming music played over speakers. Quiet and Music sessions were randomly allotted to daily AM or PM times. Activity monitors were fitted to dogs’ collars for continuous collection of activity parameters. Data were collected over a 2-wk baseline period to block dogs by activity level (high or low) before randomly assigning dogs within each block to treatments. After 1 wk of treatment adaptation, activity parameters were collected for 2 wk. Data were tested for normality using the UNIVARIATE procedure in SAS before examining differences using the MIXED procedure in SAS, including effects of treatment, day, session (Quiet or Music), time of day (AM or PM), and accompanying interactions. CBD did not alter total activity points (P = 0.9971) or activity duration (P = 0.8776). CBD tended (P = 0.0692) to reduce scratching compared to control. Irrespective of treatment, dogs were more active in PM than AM (P < 0.0001). Regardless of session, dogs receiving 4 mg/kg/d tended (P = 0.0914) to be less active in the PM than control. CBD did not affect activity duration during exercise periods (P = 0.1425), but dogs receiving CBD ran more than control (P = 0.0339). These results indicate that when supplemented up to 4 mg/kg/d, CBD does not negatively impact daily activity levels of dogs.

Pedestrian Activity Among California Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna E. Mathews ◽  
Natalie Colabianchi ◽  
Brent Hutto ◽  
Delores M. Pluto ◽  
Steve P. Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Physical Activity Promotion ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Random Digit Dial

Background:The objectives of this study were to assess (1) pedestrian activity levels among adults, (2) where and why adults engage in pedestrian activity, and (3) what adults consider when deciding where to engage in pedestrian activity.Methods:Pedestrian activity was assessed in 12,036 California adults, ≥18 years, using a random digit-dial telephone survey.Results:Significant differences were identified by race, sex, age, and physical activity level in the type, location, and purpose of pedestrian activities. Men engage in pedestrian activity at work, and women engage in pedestrian activity while escorting children to school and running errands. Whites primarily engage in leisure-time pedestrian activity, and non-whites are more likely to engage in pedestrian activity for transportation. Older adults were less active than their younger counterparts.Conclusions:These findings should be considered by public health agencies and their partners as they continue to increase and promote opportunities for pedestrian activity. Additional research is needed to assess older adults’ physical activity patterns and preferences, barriers, and facilitators to effectively tailor physical activity promotion efforts to this at-risk group.

scholarly journals Daily Activity Patterns and Co-Occurrence of Duikers Revealed by an Intensive Camera Trap Survey across Central African Rainforests

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2200
Author(s):  
Fructueux G. A. Houngbégnon ◽  
Daniel Cornelis ◽  
Cédric Vermeulen ◽  
Bonaventure Sonké ◽  
Stephan Ntie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
The Other ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
First Time ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns ◽  
Temporal Overlap

The duiker community in Central African rainforests includes a diversity of species that can coexist in the same area. The study of their activity patterns is needed to better understand habitat use or association between the species. Using camera traps, we studied the temporal activity patterns, and quantified for the first time the temporal overlap and spatial co-occurrence between species. Our results show that: (i) Two species are strongly diurnal: Cephalophus leucogaster, and Philantomba congica, (ii) two species are mostly diurnal: C.callipygus and C. nigrifrons, (iii) one species is strongly nocturnal: C.castaneus, (iv) and one species is mostly nocturnal: C.silvicultor. Analyses of temporal activities (for five species) identified four species pairs that highly overlapped (Δ^≥ 0.80), and six pairs that weakly overlapped (Δ^ between 0.06 and 0.35). Finally, co-occurrence tests reveal a truly random co-occurrence (plt > 0.05 and pgt > 0.05) for six species pairs, and a positive co-occurrence (pgt < 0.05) for four pairs. Positive co-occurrences are particularly noted for pairs formed by C.callipygus with the other species (except C. nigrifrons). These results are essential for a better understanding of the coexistence of duikers and the ecology of poorly known species (C. leucogaster and C. nigrifrons), and provide clarification on the activity patterns of C. silvicultor which was subject to controversy. Camera traps proved then to be a powerful tool for studying the activity patterns of free-ranging duiker populations.

scholarly journals Captive Dwarf and Mouse Lemurs Have Variable Fur Growth

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1288
Author(s):  
Brooke Erin Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Variable Activity ◽  
Mouse Lemurs ◽  
Cheirogaleus Medius

Researchers typically assume constant fur and hair growth for primates, but the few studies that have investigated growth explicitly suggest this may not be the case. Instead, growth may vary considerably among individuals and across seasons. One might expect this variability to be most pronounced for species that have seasonally variable activity patterns (e.g., Madagascar’s Cheiorogaleidae). In particular, dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus spp.) undergo considerable changes in their daily activity levels (torpor) in the austral fall, when nights get shorter. I monitored regrowth of shaved fur patches for eight adult captive fat-tailed dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus medius) and gray mouse lemurs (Microcebusmurinus) on a bi-weekly basis for 21 months in total. Regrowth varied considerably both within and among individuals. Overall, fur regrew in spurts and was faster for mouse lemurs (0–14 to 215–229 days) than dwarf lemurs (27–40 to 313–327 days). There were significant differences between species and an obvious influence of season for dwarf lemurs, but no clear influence of shave location, age, or sex. Similar trends have been previously reported for captive lemurids, suggesting that seasonal fur growth may be widespread across Lemuroidea. Researchers are cautioned against using primate fur or hair to investigate variables confounded by seasonality (such as diet and body condition) until patterns of growth are better understood.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic, health and lifestyle, sampling and, mental health determinants of 24-hour motor activity patterns (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Difrancesco ◽  
Harriëtte Riese ◽  
Kathleen R. Merikangas ◽  
Haochang Shou ◽  
Vadim Zipunnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Functional Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Severity Of Depression

BACKGROUND Analysing actigraphy data using standard circadian parametric models and aggregated nonparametric indices may obscure temporal information that may be a hallmark of the circadian impairment in psychiatric disorders. Functional data analysis (FDA) may overcome such limitations by fully exploiting the richness of actigraphy data and revealing important relationships with mental health outcomes. To our knowledge, no studies have extensively used FDA to study the relationship between sociodemographic, health and lifestyle, sampling and psychiatric clinical characteristics and daily motor activity patterns assessed with actigraphy in a sample of individuals with and without depression/anxiety. OBJECTIVE We study the association of daily motor activity patterns assessed via actigraphy with (1) sociodemographic, health and lifestyle and, sampling factors; (2) psychiatric clinical characteristics (i.e., presence and severity of depression/anxiety disorders). METHODS 14-day continuous actigraphy data of 359 participants with current (n=93), remitted (n=176) or no (n=90) DSM-IV based depression/anxiety diagnosis was obtained from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. The associations of patterns of daily motor activity, quantified via Functional Principal Component analysis (fPCA), and sociodemographic, health and lifestyle and, sampling factors and psychiatric clinical characteristics, were assessed using Generalized Estimating Equation regressions. For exploratory purpose, function-on-Scalar Regression (FoSR) was applied to quantify the temporal impact of sociodemographic, health and lifestyle, sampling and psychiatric clinical characteristics on daily motor activity. RESULTS Four features of daily activity patterns captured the overall daily activity level (fPCA1, 34.3% variability), earlier versus later morning activity (fPCA2, 16.5% variability), biphasic versus monophasic activity (fPCA3, 14.8% variability), earlier versus later biphasic activity (fPCA4, 11.8% variability). Low overall daily activity level was associated with several sociodemographic, lifestyle, sampling and psychopathology variables (P<0.05): older age, higher education level, higher BMI, higher number of chronic diseases, higher number of cigarettes per day, non-working/school days, winter season, having current depressive/anxiety disorders, higher depressive symptom severity. Earlier morning activity was associated with older age, having a partner, work/school days, autumn and spring (ref. winter) (P<0.05). Monophasic activity was associated with older age (P<0.01). Biphasic activity was associated with work/school days, summer (ref. winter) (P<0.01). Earlier biphasic activity was associated with older age, work/school days, spring and summer (ref. winter) (P<0.01). In FoSR analyses, age, working and season were the main determinants having an impact on time of daily motor activity (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Features of daily motor activity extracted with fPCA reflect commonly studied factors such as the intensity of daily activity and preference for morningness/eveningness. Presence and severity of depression/anxiety disorders was found to mainly impact on overall lower activity pattern but not on time of activity. Age, working and season were most strongly associated with patterns and time of activity; future epidemiological studies on motor activity in depression/anxiety may take these into account.

scholarly journals Daily activity pattern of pumas (Puma concolor) and their potential prey in a tropical cloud forest of Colombia

2021 ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
J. C. Cepeda–Duque ◽  
B. Gómez–Valencia ◽  
S. Alvarez ◽  
D. R. Gutiérrez–Sanabria ◽  
D. J. Lizcano
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Top Predators

Ecosystems in the northern Andes face unprecedented habitat loss. Pumas are the top predators in the region and exert key ecological functions, such as population control and resource facilitation. However, little is known about the temporal niche of the species or its effects on behaviour of prey in the tropics. We hypothesized that there is a link between the activity patterns of pumas and their prey in a cloud forest of the Central Andes of Colombia. We installed 61 camera traps to estimate the degree of overlap between the daily activity curves of pumas and seven potential prey species, using conditional kernel density functions. Pumas, armadillos, mountain pacas, and white–eared opossums were mainly nocturnal, with little crepuscular activity and high temporal overlap. Central American agouti, mountain coati, little red brocket deer, and Cauca guan displayed a predominantly diurnal activity and temporal partitioning with pumas. As opportunistic predators, pumas were able to maximize foraging efficiency by preying on the crepuscular and nocturnal species. Conservation of this highland predator will largely depend on the suitable management of its native prey.

A 7000 year record of paleohurricane activity from a coastal wetland in Belize

The Holocene ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrence A McCloskey ◽  
Kam-biu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

Sedimentary paleotempestological studies have documented that tropical cyclone activity levels in the North Atlantic have been characterized by significant fluctuations since at least the mid Holocene, with activity regimes typically lasting from several centuries to > 2000 years. These activity-level estimates are based on site-specific hurricane strike histories derived from proxy records of overwash events attributed to landfalling major hurricanes. Here we present a 7000 year composite record from two adjacent wetland sites in coastal Belize, Central America that records both tropical cyclone-generated storm surges and large precipitation events. Although overall sensitivity appears to decrease over time, this record displays clear evidence of continuous oscillation between distinctly different activity regimes, with active and quiet periods each covering ~ 50% of the record. Active periods occur during ~200–600 BP, 1450–2600 BP, 3200–4200 BP, 4750–5450 BP, 5750–6050 BP, and 6700–6900 BP. This activity pattern does not match regional records from the northern Gulf of Mexico, the northern Caribbean or the Atlantic coast of the USA, thereby supporting the view that activity patterns are temporally variable throughout the North Atlantic, and that hyperactivity does not occur simultaneously across the entire basin.

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