scholarly journals Population genomic, climatic and anthropogenic evidence suggest the role of human forces in endangerment of green peafowl ( Pavo muticus )

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1948) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Dong ◽  
Hao-Chih Kuo ◽  
Guo-Ling Chen ◽  
Fei Wu ◽  
Peng-Fei Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Pavo Muticus ◽  
Green Peafowl

Both anthropogenic impacts and historical climate change could contribute to population decline and species extinction, but their relative importance is still unclear. Emerging approaches based on genomic, climatic and anthropogenic data provide a promising analytical framework to address this question. This study applied such an integrative approach to examine potential drivers for the endangerment of the green peafowl ( Pavo muticus ). Several demographic reconstructions based on population genomes congruently retrieved a drastic population declination since the mid-Holocene. Furthermore, a comparison between historical and modern genomes suggested genetic diversity decrease during the last 50 years. However, climate-based ecological niche models predicted stationary general range during these periods and imply the little impact of climate change. Further analyses suggested that human disturbance intensities were negatively correlated with the green peafowl's effective population sizes and significantly associated with its survival status (extirpation or persistence). Archaeological and historical records corroborate the critical role of humans, leaving the footprint of low genomic diversity and high inbreeding in the survival populations. This study sheds light on the potential deep-time effects of human disturbance on species endangerment and offers a multi-evidential approach in examining underlying forces for population declines.

scholarly journals Critical role of climate change in plant selection and millet domestication in North China

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Yang ◽  
Wenxiang Wu ◽  
Linda Perry ◽  
Zhikun Ma ◽  
Ofer Bar-Yosef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North China ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Plant Selection

scholarly journals Intersection of Climate Change and Health: An Explication of the Future of Nursing 2020-2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Patrice Nicholas ◽  
Clara Gona ◽  
Linda Evans ◽  
Eleonor Pusey Reid
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Institutional Racism ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Future ◽  
Optimal Population ◽  
Future Of Nursing ◽  
Climate Change And Health

The US National Academy of Medicine released its consensus study for the next decade entitled The Future of Nursing 2020-2030: Charting a Path To Achieve Health Equity (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2021). This paper examines the report, its implications for nursing globally, its focus on systemic, structural, and institutional racism, and the intersection with climate change and deleterious health consequences. The National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) has led in addressing the critical role of the nursing profession in achieving optimal population health outcomes in the US. Yet, relevance exists for nursing in other global areas. The most recent US report focuses on social determinants of health (SDoH) and explicitly addresses climate change as a looming public health threat. An analysis of the key foci of nursing’s role in climate change amidst the critical role of health equity globally is explicated.  

Tourism, climate change and the geopolitics of arctic development: the critical case of Greenland

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Development Trajectory ◽  
Tourism Climate ◽  
Climate Crisis

Abstract This book focuses on the context, nature and role of tourism in Greenland, and is set within an overlapping geopolitical frame of: (a)the heightening climate crisis; (b)Greenland's trajectory towards political independence from Denmark; (c)its concept of economic 'self-sustainability' in supporting this trajectory; and (d)growing international interest in, and competition for, Greenland's natural resources and infrastructure projects. The last in its turn partly reflects improving land and sea accessibility afforded by climate change, which paradoxically both challenges and encourages Greenland's concepts of sustainable development, within which tourism plays an ambivalent role: while elements of global and local tourism have been seeking to create a more responsible sector, within Greenland's development trajectory tourism appears to be supporting a sustainability ideology that ignores, or at best camouflages, the climate crisis. The central themes of this book therefore employ the role of tourism and travel as a lens through which to examine climatic, societal, economic and geopolitical change in the Arctic as specifically articulated in the experience of Greenland. The 'critical' situations in which Greenland finds itself reflect external perceptions of the global climate crisis and geostrategic maneuvering over Arctic resources, and domestic considerations of socio-economic development and increased sovereignty. The volume thereby highlights the close and often critical interrelationships between the local, regional and global. A recurring observation is the paradox, one of several of a region hitherto regarded as peripheral but which is becoming increasingly central to global concerns, with tourism-related dynamics reflecting such centrality. In this way, this book aims to: (1) emphasise the critical role of change in the Arctic in general and in Greenland in particular; (2) highlight critical interrelationships between tourism, climate change and the geopolitics of Arctic development, where 'geopolitics' is interpreted as applying at a number of scales from the interpersonal and quotidian to the global geostrategic; and (3) provide a critical examination of Greenland's post-colonial tourism development path, as the territory becomes the focus of increasing global interest. This book is organised into three parts with a total of 13 chapters.

Part II Individual Issues and Cross-Cutting Themes: Climate Change and Global Ocean Governance, 7 The Role of the International Climate Change Regime in Global Ocean Governance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freestone David
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Ocean Governance ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The World ◽  
International Climate ◽  
International Climate Change

This chapter examines the role of the international climate change regime in global ocean governance, with emphasis on the cross-cutting set of global ocean governance issues arising from human-induced climate change. It first provides an overview of the international legal regime governing climate change before discussing the two major anthropogenic impacts on the oceans, namely: warming/acidification and sea level rise. It then considers other governance issues such as greenhouse gas emissions from shipping, geoengineering, and blue carbon, suggesting that addressing these issues are beyond the competence of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The chapter stresses the need for greater, deeper and ultimately better co-ordinated leadership on the most significant global environmental challenge facing the world today.

scholarly journals THE CRITICAL ROLE OF MARKETS IN CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950003 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH E. ANDERSON ◽  
TERRY L. ANDERSON ◽  
ALICE C. HILL ◽  
MATTHEW E. KAHN ◽  
HOWARD KUNREUTHER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Land Markets ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Market Signals ◽  
Irrigation Technologies

Markets, especially land markets, can facilitate climate change adaptation through price signals. A review of research reveals that urban, coastal, and agricultural land markets provide effective signals of the emerging costs of climate change. These signals encourage adjustments by both private owners and policy officials in taking preemptive action to reduce costs. In agriculture, they promote consideration of new cropping and tillage practices, seed types, timing, and location of production. They also stimulate use of new irrigation technologies. In urban areas, they motivate new housing construction, elevation, and location away from harm. They channel more efficient use of water and its application to parks and other green areas to make urban settings more desirable with higher temperatures. Related water markets play a similar role in adjusting water use and reallocation. To be effective, however, markets must reflect multiple traders and prices must be free to adjust. Where these conditions are not met, market signals will be inhibited and market-driven adaptation will be reduced. Because public policy is driven by constituent demands, it may not be a remedy. The evidence of the National Flood Insurance Program and federal wildfire response illustrates how politically difficult it may be to adjust programs to be more adaptive.

Principles of Projection: An Integrative Approach

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1251-1254
Author(s):  
Edwin E. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Radio Telescope ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Projective Technique ◽  
Stimulus Saliency ◽  
Definition Of

Projection is accounted for by three principles: appropriateness of the stimulus, saliency for the personality, and integrative symbolism. The critical role of the stimulus in determining the areas and levels of personality assessed is discussed. It is suggested that the radio telescope may be a better analogy than the microscope or X-ray for explaining how a projective technique works. A succinct definition of a projective technique is presented.

scholarly journals Examining the relationship between herbivores, corals and macroalgae on Singapore’s heavily disturbed reefs

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R Guest ◽  
Adriana Vergés ◽  
Andrew G Bauman ◽  
Alexandra H Campbell ◽  
Loke Ming Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Phase Shifts ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Relationship

Background.Herbivores play a critical role in structuring benthic communities on tropical coral dominated reefs because they remove macro and microalgae, which might otherwise overgrow adult corals or prevent successful recruitment of juveniles. Reducing herbivory has been implicated in promoting phase shifts from coral dominance to other ecosystem states following acute disturbances. Turbidity and sedimentation are key physical processes that also structure coral reef communities because they limit light penetration and may interfere with biological processes such as heterotrophy. Singapore’s coral reefs have been heavily impacted by human activities for decades and experience very high levels of sedimentation and turbidity. Macroalgae, particularly Sargassum spp. are abundant on the reef flats, while adjacent reef slopes are dominated by diverse coral assemblages, yet nothing is known about the role of herbivory in structuring these heavily disturbed reefs. Methods. To gain a better understanding of the role of herbivore biomass and potential herbivory in structuring these disturbed reefs, we quantified benthic cover of corals and macroalgae, fish biomasses and urchin abundance at eight representative sites among Singapore’s southern islands during two seasons. In addition we filmed herbivory assays on replicate experimental macroalgal stands (4 separate macroalgal species) and natural EAM patches at three of these sites to estimate species-specific rates of herbivory. Using generalised linear mixed models we examine the relationship between herbivore abundances and benthic cover of corals and macroalgae. Results. Average coral cover at 3-4 m depth was surprisingly high (~40%) compared to other Indo-Pacific reefs, considering decades of chronic anthropogenic impacts. In contrast, the average biomass of herbivorous fishes (~4 g m-2) was more typical of degraded and overfished reefs, while urchin abundances were within the range found at other Indo-Pacific sites. Herbivorous fish were not observed feeding on macroalgal assays during 29 h of filming, with all bites counted on EAM carried out primarily by territorial damselfish. There was a significant but weak relationship between coral cover and herbivore biomass but none for macroalgae or between urchin abundance and benthic cover. Discussion. Relatively high coral cover and low macroalgal cover at 3-4 m depth has been maintained on these highly disturbed reefs, demonstrating possible resilience to coral-macroalgal phase shifts despite decades of chronic human disturbances. We suggest that low light levels at 3-4 m depth may limit algal growth rates so that only low levels of herbivory are necessary to prevent seaweeds from outcompeting corals on turbid reefs such as those in the present study.

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