Principles of Projection: An Integrative Approach

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1251-1254
Author(s):  
Edwin E. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Radio Telescope ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Projective Technique ◽  
Stimulus Saliency ◽  
Definition Of

Projection is accounted for by three principles: appropriateness of the stimulus, saliency for the personality, and integrative symbolism. The critical role of the stimulus in determining the areas and levels of personality assessed is discussed. It is suggested that the radio telescope may be a better analogy than the microscope or X-ray for explaining how a projective technique works. A succinct definition of a projective technique is presented.

Critical Role of Capping Layer in Determining Co−Fe−B/MgO Interfacial Magnetism Revealed by X-Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Lourembam ◽  
Xiaojiang Yu ◽  
Maria Patricia Rouelli Sabino ◽  
Michael Tran ◽  
Roslyn Wan Teng Ang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Magnetic Circular Dichroism ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Capping Layer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm

scholarly journals Host autophagy mediates organ wasting and nutrient mobilization for tumor growth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rojyar Khezri ◽  
Petter Holland ◽  
Todd Andrew Schoborg ◽  
Ifat Abramovich ◽  
Szabolcs Takats ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Nutrient Mobilization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Support Tumor Growth ◽  
Host Tissues

During tumor growth - when nutrient and anabolic demands are high – autophagy supports tumor metabolism and growth through lysosomal organelle turnover and nutrient recycling1. Ras-driven tumors additionally invoke non-autonomous autophagy in the microenvironment to support tumor growth, in part through transfer of amino acids2–4. Here we uncover a third critical role of autophagy in mediating systemic organ wasting and nutrient mobilization for tumor growth using a well-characterized malignant tumor model in Drosophila melanogaster. Micro-computed X-ray tomography and metabolic profiling reveal that RasV12; scrib-/- tumors grow 10-fold in volume, while systemic organ wasting unfolds with progressive muscle atrophy, loss of body mass, −motility, −feeding and eventually death. Tissue wasting is found to be mediated by autophagy and results in host mobilization of amino acids and sugars into circulation. Natural abundance Carbon 13 tracing demonstrates that tumor biomass is increasingly derived from host tissues as a nutrient source as wasting progresses. We conclude that host autophagy mediates organ wasting and nutrient mobilization that is utilized for tumor growth.

A History of Bodies

2018 ◽  
pp. 237-250
Author(s):  
Annette Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Mexican American Women ◽  
Pedagogical Choices ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Continuum

This chapter explores the development of pedagogical choices and historical practice via familial and professional mentorship. Rodríguez argues for the critical role of mentorship for the development of women in the historical profession. Naming her work “a history of the gaps,” she discusses widening the definition of historical actors as well as subjects of historical analysis. As an example, the chapter points to the continuum of women acting against racist violence, documenting, analyzing, and historicizing racist violence—against previously masculinist narratives. Demonstrating a “history of the gaps,” Rodríguez’s chapter concludes with the testimonies of Mexican and Mexican American women whose X marks confirmed anti-Mexican murders at the turn of the twentieth century.

Barium accumulation in rat pancreatic B cells

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-465
Author(s):  
S.L. Howell ◽  
M. Tyhurst
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pancreatic B Cells ◽  
Acetate Accumulation ◽  
Rat Islets Of Langerhans

Barium has been used as an electron-opaque substitute for calcium in a study of the distribution of divalent cations between organelles in homogenates or intact rat islets of Langerhans. These were incubated in the presence of barium acetate. Accumulation of electron-opaque deposits was stimulated during incubation of islets in the presence of high glucose concentrations and was diminished in conditions in which intracellular cyclic AMP levels were raised. Mitochondria were found to be the principal sites of accumulation of electron-opaque deposits. Addition of dinitrophenol to homogenates or intact islets abolished mitochondrial barium accumulation. X-ray microanalysis of the deposits in frozen sections showed them to consist predominantly of barium and phosphate. These experiments serve to emphasize further the critical role of mitochondria in the regulation of divalent cation accumulation in B cells, and to confirm that a direct effect on intracellular distribution of divalent cations may represent one important mechanism of action of cyclic AMP in regulating insulin secretion.

Synthesis and Characterization of Flower-Like Hematite Nanostructures

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Xi Yang He ◽  
Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Hydrothermal Route ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

The flower-like α-Fe2O3superstructures were fabricated by a novel hydrothermal route and sequential annealing at 600 °C for 1 h using FeCl3×6H2O as the starting precursor. The structures and morphologies of the synthesized flower-like superstructures have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is revealed that the flower-like α-Fe2O3nanostructures consist of nanorods with the average diameter of about 70 nm and an average length of about 200nm growing from the centers. The critical role of urea in the hydrothermal synthesis of the flower-like nanostructures is discussed.

scholarly journals Population genomic, climatic and anthropogenic evidence suggest the role of human forces in endangerment of green peafowl ( Pavo muticus )

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1948) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Dong ◽  
Hao-Chih Kuo ◽  
Guo-Ling Chen ◽  
Fei Wu ◽  
Peng-Fei Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Pavo Muticus ◽  
Green Peafowl

Both anthropogenic impacts and historical climate change could contribute to population decline and species extinction, but their relative importance is still unclear. Emerging approaches based on genomic, climatic and anthropogenic data provide a promising analytical framework to address this question. This study applied such an integrative approach to examine potential drivers for the endangerment of the green peafowl ( Pavo muticus ). Several demographic reconstructions based on population genomes congruently retrieved a drastic population declination since the mid-Holocene. Furthermore, a comparison between historical and modern genomes suggested genetic diversity decrease during the last 50 years. However, climate-based ecological niche models predicted stationary general range during these periods and imply the little impact of climate change. Further analyses suggested that human disturbance intensities were negatively correlated with the green peafowl's effective population sizes and significantly associated with its survival status (extirpation or persistence). Archaeological and historical records corroborate the critical role of humans, leaving the footprint of low genomic diversity and high inbreeding in the survival populations. This study sheds light on the potential deep-time effects of human disturbance on species endangerment and offers a multi-evidential approach in examining underlying forces for population declines.

User Requirements

2003 ◽  
pp. 280-304
Author(s):  
Len Asprey ◽  
Michael Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
User Requirements ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
Systems Requirements ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Process Level

In the last chapter, we discussed an integrative approach to developing requirements for information systems, applying Sommerville’s framework of user and systems requirements documentation. We now extend that discussion to consider an approach that might be useful when planning activities for analyzing user requirements for an IDCM endeavor. The information derived from the analysis of user requirements will be a key component of the requirements specification. Our objectives are as follows: • Discuss the role of the user requirements analysis in the context of IDCM; • Discuss the analysis and definition of strategic requirements for IDCM systems within the context of enterprise business planning; • Discuss the specification of tactical requirements for an IDCM solution at the site, workgroup, or business process level of an enterprise; • Consider the requirements for specifying interfaces to business systems; • Discuss the documentation of operational requirements with some specific reference to archiving and preservation concerns; and • Discuss extended requirements for IDCM solutions.

Critical role of spatial information from chiral-asymmetric peptides in the earliest occurrence of life

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo I. Cruz-Rosas ◽  
Francisco Riquelme ◽  
Mariel Maldonado ◽  
Germinal Cocho
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Living System ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Chiral Asymmetry ◽  
Random Variability ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe earliest functional living system on Earth should have been able to reproduce an ordered configuration and a self-organization dynamics. It was capable of resisting a random variability in time and space to keep the functionality. Amino acids (AAs) and nucleobases generated from abiotic reactions as seen in laboratory-based experiments have demonstrated that molecular elements for life can be obtained by predictable physicochemical processes. However, a functional, self-organized living system needs complex molecular interactions to endure. In this paper, we address the transference of spatial information on highly enantiopure polymers as a critical condition to support the dynamics in a self-organized biogenic system. Previous scenarios have considered almost exclusively the information encoded in sequences as the suitable source of prebiotic information. But the spatial information transference has been poorly understood thus far. We provide the supporting statements which predict that the ordered configuration in a biogenic system should be significantly influenced by spatial information, instead of being exclusively generated by sequences of polymers. This theoretical approach takes into consideration that the properties of mutation and inheritance did not develop before definition of the structures that allow the management of information. Rather, we postulate that the molecular structures to store and transfer information must exist at first, in order to retain particular functional ‘meaning’, and subsequently, such information can be ‘inherited’ and eventually modified. Thus, the present contribution follows the theory that life was originated from an unstable prebiotic environment that involves the early spatial information transference based on large chiral asymmetry.

scholarly journals Structures of furanosides: geometrical analysis of low-temperature X-ray and neutron crystal structures of five crystalline methyl pentofuranosides

2001 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artem Evdokimov ◽  
A. Joseph Gilboa ◽  
Thomas F. Koetzle ◽  
Wim T. Klooster ◽  
Arthur J. Schultz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Chair Conformation ◽  
Geometrical Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ring Conformations

Crystal structures of all five crystalline methyl D-pentofuranosides, methyl α-D-arabinofuranoside (1), methyl β-D-arabinofuranoside (2), methyl α-D-lyxofuranoside (3), methyl β-D-ribofuranoside (4) and methyl α-D-xylofuranoside (5) have been determined by means of cryogenic X-ray and neutron crystallography. The neutron diffraction experiments provide accurate, unbiased H-atom positions which are especially important because of the critical role of hydrogen bonding in these systems. This paper summarizes the geometrical and conformational parameters of the structures of all five crystalline methyl pentofuranosides, several of them reported here for the first time. The methyl pentofuranoside structures are compared with the structures of the five crystalline methyl hexopyranosides for which accurate X-ray and neutron structures have been determined. Unlike the methyl hexopyranosides, which crystallize exclusively in the C 1 chair conformation, the five crystalline methyl pentofuranosides represent a very wide range of ring conformations.

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