scholarly journals Oceans of opportunity or rough seas? What does the future hold for developments in European marine policy?

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1980) ◽  
pp. 5682-5700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tavis Potts ◽  
Tim O'Higgins ◽  
Emily Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Public Involvement ◽  
Marine Policy ◽  
Marine Strategy Framework Directive ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Maritime Policy ◽  
Coastal Policy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Major Reform ◽  
European Seas

The management of European seas is undergoing a process of major reform. In the past, oceans and coastal policy has traditionally evolved in a fragmented and uncoordinated manner, developed by different sector-based agencies and arms of government with competing aims and objectives. Recently, the call for integrated and ecosystem-based approaches has driven the conceptualization of a new approach. At the scale of Europe through the Integrated Maritime Policy and Marine Strategy Framework Directive and in national jurisdictions such as the Marine and Coastal Access Act in the United Kingdom, ecosystem-based planning is becoming the norm. There are major challenges to this process and this paper explores, in particular, the opportunities inherent in building truly integrated approaches that cross different sectors of activity, integrate across scales, incorporate public involvement and build a sense of oceans citizenship.

scholarly journals Poland's maritime policy - the past, a new approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Pluciński
Keyword(s):  
New Approach ◽  
Maritime Policy ◽  
The Past

scholarly journals Potensi Arkeologis Kepulauan Maluku: Penelitian dan Pemanfaatan*

AMERTA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Sarjiyanto Sarjiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Public Involvement ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Trade Route

Abstract. Archaeological Potency of Maluku Islands and Its Utilitations. Maluku islands is known to the world, especially European countries, as a producer, part of trade route, and destination of spices during the trade period in the past. Some countries such as Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom have influenced the development of civilization in the Maluku islands. Several studies on the sites of the former kingdoms of Ternate, Tidore, Bacan, Jailolo, and the former site of the local authority of the rich society in Banda has given an overview of cultural resource potential and importance of the sites for the history of the archipelago. Not all the information or data obtainedcan be utilized directly for the benefit of the wider community with diverse communication media. Therefore it is hoped that the available data and information can be utilized for various purposes by showing their important values of sites and their finds as well as the variety of proper uses, among others publications, issuance of regulations/policies, environmental management, tourism development, educational programs, development of new concepts, or establishing and improving museums. Regulations that provide more opportunity for public involvement in management and display of cultural heritage items – such as exhibitions, education, and events that are more community-oriented – also need to be made. Abstrak. Kepulauan Maluku dikenal dunia sebagai tempat produksi, jalur, dan tujuan pencarian rempah oleh negara-negara Eropa pada periode perdagangan masa lampau. Beberapa negara seperti Portugis, Spanyol, Belanda, dan Inggris telah memberi pengaruh perkembangan peradabandi Kepulauan Maluku. Beberapa penelitian di situs-situs bekas kerajaan Ternate, Tidore, Bacan, Jailolo, dan bekas tempat kekuasaan lokal Orang Kaya di Banda telah memberi gambaran potensi sumberdaya budaya dan arti penting situs-situs itu bagi sejarah Nusantara. Belum semua informasiatau data yang diperoleh langsung dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan masyarakat yang lebih luas dengan berbagai media komunikasi. Untuk itu diharapkan data dan informasi yang ada dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan berbagai hal. Metodenya dengan memperlihatkan nilai penting dari hasil penelitian situs dan tinggalannya serta memberikan berbagai bentuk pemanfaatannya. Hasil pemanfaatannya antara lain melalui media penyaluran informasi publikasi, pengeluaran peraturan/kebijakan, tata lingkungan, pengembangan wisata, program pendidikan, pengembangan konsep baru, pengembangan museum. Regulasi yang lebih membuka peluang peran publik dalam pengelolaan dan penyajian benda budaya juga masih perlu dikembangkan.Termasuk di dalamnya peningkatan berbagai bentuk program pameran, pendidikan, dan event yang lebih berorientasi kepada masyarakat.

TEM study of a biofilm on copper corrosion

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
W. A. Chiou ◽  
N. Kohyama ◽  
B. Little ◽  
P. Wagner ◽  
M. Meshii
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Copper Corrosion ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Copper Tolerant

The corrosion of copper and copper alloys in a marine environment is of great concern because of their widespread use in heat exchangers and steam condensers in which natural seawater is the coolant. It has become increasingly evident that microorganisms play an important role in the corrosion of a number of metals and alloys under a variety of environments. For the past 15 years the use of SEM has proven to be useful in studying biofilms and spatial relationships between bacteria and localized corrosion of metals. Little information, however, has been obtained using TEM capitalizing on its higher spacial resolution and the transmission observation of interfaces. The research presented herein is the first step of this new approach in studying the corrosion with biological influence in pure copper.Commercially produced copper (Cu, 99%) foils of approximately 120 μm thick exposed to a copper-tolerant marine bacterium, Oceanospirillum, and an abiotic culture medium were subsampled (1 cm × 1 cm) for this study along with unexposed control samples.

On-Surface Radical Oligomerisation: A New Approach to STM Tip-Induced Reactions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaolei Zhan ◽  
Younes Makoudi ◽  
Judicael Jeannoutot ◽  
Simon Lamare ◽  
Michel Féron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Surface ◽  
Scanning Tunnelling Microscope ◽  
Transfer Event ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Organic Nanostructures ◽  
Scanning Tunnelling ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Surface Fabrication ◽  
And Control

Over the past decade, on-surface fabrication of organic nanostructures has been widely investigated for the development of molecular electronic devices, nanomachines, and new materials. Here, we introduce a new strategy to obtain alkyl oligomers in a controlled manner using on-surface radical oligomerisations that are triggered by the electrons/holes between the sample surface and the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope. The resulting radical-mediated mechanism is substantiated by a detailed theoretical study. This electron transfer event only occurs when <i>V</i><sub>s</sub> < -3 V or <i>V</i><sub>s</sub> > + 3 V and allows access to reactive radical species under exceptionally mild conditions. This transfer can effectively ‘switch on’ a sequence leading to formation of oligomers of defined size distribution due to the on-surface confinement of reactive species. Our approach enables new ways to initiate and control radical oligomerisations with tunnelling electrons, leading to molecularly precise nanofabrication.

Accelerating Agricultural Growth—Is Irrigation Institutional Reform Necessary? (Distinguishedl Lecture)

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (4I) ◽  
pp. 399-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Institutional Reform ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
Major Reform ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Economic Growth Rates

The right to the flow of income from water is vigorously pursued, protected, and fought over in any arid part of the world. Pakistan is of course no exception. Reform of irrigation institutions necessarily changes the rights to water, whether it be those of farmers, government, or government functionaries. Those perceived rights may be explicit and broadly accepted, or simply takings that are not even considered legitimate. Nevertheless they will be fought over. Pakistan has a long history of proposals for irrigation reform, little or none being implemented, except as isolated pilot projects. Thus, to propose major changes in irrigation institutions must be clearly shown to have major benefits to justify the hard battles that must be fought and the goodwill of those who might win those battles for reform. Proponents of irrigation institution reform have always argued the necessity of the reforms and the large gains to be achieved. Perhaps, however, those arguments have not been convincing. This paper will briefly outline the failed attempts at irrigation reform to provide an element of reality to the discussion. It will then proceed to make the case of the urgency of reform in a somewhat different manner to the past. Finally, current major reform proposals will be presented. This paper approaches justification of irrigation reform by focusing on the agricultural growth rate. It does so because that is the critical variable influencing poverty rates and is a significant determinant of over-all economic growth rates. The paper decomposes growth rates and suggests a residual effect of deterioration of the irrigation system that is large and calls for policy and institutional reform. The data are notional, suggesting the usefulness of the approach and paves the way for more detailed empirical analysis and enquiry for the future.

Click Reactions in Chemistry of Triterpenes - Advances Towards Development of Potential Therapeutics

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Pokorny ◽  
Lucie Borkova ◽  
Milan Urban
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Click Reactions ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Potential Therapeutics

Triterpenoids are natural compounds with a large variety of biological activities such as anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparazitic, antiinflammatory and others. Despite their low toxicity and simple availability from the natural resources, their clinical use is still severely limited by their higher IC50 and worse pharmacological properties than in the currently used therapeutics. This fact encouraged a number of researchers to develop new terpenic derivatives more suitable for the potential clinical use. This review summarizes a new approach to improve both, the activity and ADME-Tox properties by connecting active terpenes to another modifying molecules using click reactions. Within the past few years, this synthetic approach was well explored yielding a lot of great improvements of the parent compounds along with some less successful attempts. A large quantity of the new compounds presented here are superior in both activity and ADME-Tox properties to their parents. This review should serve the researchers who need to promote their hit triterpenic structures towards their clinical use and it is intended as a guide for the chemical synthesis of better drug candidates.

Recruitment Policies of Non-EU/EEA Nurses and Ethical Issues

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angèle Flora Mendy
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Ethical Argument ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Institutional Legacies

By examining policies of recruiting non-EU/EEA health workers and how ethical considerations are taken into account when employing non-EU/EEA nurses in the United Kingdom, France, and Switzerland, this chapter intends to show that the use of the so-called ‘ethical’ argument to convince national public opinion of the relevance of restrictive recruitment policies is recent (since the 1990s). The analysis highlights the fact that in addition to the institutional legacies, qualification and skills—through the process of their recognition—play an important role in the opening or restriction of the labour market to health professionals from the Global South. The legacy of the past also largely determines the place offered to non-EU/EEA health professionals in the different health systems of host countries.

scholarly journals Boundaries Between Research Ethics and Ethical Research Use in Artificial Intelligence Health Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 155626462110027
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Samuel ◽  
Jenn Chubb ◽  
Gemma Derrick
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Societal Impact ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Responsible Research ◽  
Past Half

The governance of ethically acceptable research in higher education institutions has been under scrutiny over the past half a century. Concomitantly, recently, decision makers have required researchers to acknowledge the societal impact of their research, as well as anticipate and respond to ethical dimensions of this societal impact through responsible research and innovation principles. Using artificial intelligence population health research in the United Kingdom and Canada as a case study, we combine a mapping study of journal publications with 18 interviews with researchers to explore how the ethical dimensions associated with this societal impact are incorporated into research agendas. Researchers separated the ethical responsibility of their research with its societal impact. We discuss the implications for both researchers and actors across the Ethics Ecosystem.

scholarly journals Home care in dementia: The views of informal carers from a co-designed consultation

Dementia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 147130122199050
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L Dalgarno ◽  
Vincent Gillan ◽  
Amy Roberts ◽  
Jean Tottie ◽  
David Britt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Dementia Research ◽  
Informal Carers ◽  
A Current

Background In the United Kingdom, there is a current priority for high-quality dementia care provided at home. However, home care or domiciliary care is an area where problems have been reported, in terms of a lack of consistency, coordination and appropriate responses to the specific needs of those with dementia. The views of informal carers, who often must respond to these problems when supporting relatives, are crucial in shedding light on the issues and in seeking to promote solutions. Methods This study explored the views of informal carers of those with dementia concerning home care, through a consultation using an electronic survey. The survey questions were designed by informal carers, through a public involvement group within an existing programme of dementia research. The survey elicited responses from 52 informal carers in 2017/18. The data were analysed qualitatively using framework analysis. Findings Carers’ views focused on the need for investment into meaningful personalisation, recognising the value of providing care and valuing formal carers, systemic failings of care coordination and provision and the importance of ongoing collaboration and care planning. Conclusion Based on a framework drawn from the views of informal carers themselves, this study articulated issues of concern for home care and its delivery for people with dementia. Attempts should be made to make dementia home care more consistently personalised, inclusive and collaborative with informal carers and key others involved. Further areas to explore include working conditions of formal carers and current models utilised in homecare provision.

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