scholarly journals Bionics and green technology in maritime shipping: an assessment of the effect of Salvinia air-layer hull coatings for drag and fuel reduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 377 (2138) ◽  
pp. 20180263 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Busch ◽  
W. Barthlott ◽  
M. Brede ◽  
W. Terlau ◽  
M. Mail
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Ecological Benefit ◽  
Micro Bubble ◽  
Air Layers ◽  
Total Fuel Consumption

To save energy and reduce environmental impacts, new technologies towards a development of a sustainable ‘greener’ economy are needed. The main opportunity to improve sustainability by reducing emissions is within the transport sector. More than 90% of all goods worldwide are transported by ships. Particularly maritime ships using heavy fuel oil and marine gas oil play a major role. The total fuel consumption of shipping in 2016 was about 250 m t (domestic ca. 50 m t, international shipping ca. 200 m t). The vast portion of the energy consumption of a ship is the need to overcome the drag between ship hull and water—depending on the shape of the vessel and its size up to 90% of total fuel consumption. This means reducing drag helps to save fuel and reduces carbon emissions as well as pollution considerably. Different techniques for drag reduction are known, e.g. the micro-bubble technique or the bulbous bow. We investigated a novel bioinspired technique since 2002: the application of biomimetic surfaces with long-term stable air layers on ship hulls, serving as a slip agent. This technology is based on the Salvinia Effect, allowing a permanent stabilization of air layers under water. In this case study, we analysed the possible savings, which also could be combined with modified micro-bubble technologies. We calculated, based on a selection of five ship types, representing 75% of the world fleet, that air-layer hull coatings could lead to estimated savings of 32.5 million tons of fuel (meaning 13.0% of the worldwide shipping fuel consumption), equal to 18.5 billion US$ and 130.0 million tons of CO 2e per year. The positive impacts on global temperature and other greenhouse gases are calculated and could be a contributing factor in accomplishing the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. The study is a contribution to enhance our patchy knowledge concerning the potential economic and ecological benefit of bionics and biomimetic technologies. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology’.

The decoupling states of CO2 emissions in the Chinese transport sector from 1994 to 2012: A perspective on fuel types

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayong Wu ◽  
Changwei Yuan ◽  
Hongchao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Negative State ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

This paper analyzes the decoupling states between CO2 emissions and transport development in China from 1994 to 2012. The results indicate that, at the aggregate level, the Chinese transport sector is far from reaching the decoupling state. Negative decoupling or non-decoupling years account for 72.2% of the study period. At the disaggregated level, the decoupling states between CO2 emissions and eight primary fuels are as follows: raw coal and coke are in the absolute decoupling state; crude oil, gasoline and diesel are in the weak negative state; and the other three types (kerosene, heavy fuel oil, and natural gas) are in the strong negative decoupling state. Policy implications underneath the identified decoupling states are also revealed to help China build a more sustainable transportation system.

Minimal Time Route Computation for Ships with Pre-Specified Voyage Fuel Consumption

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Bijlsma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Additional Method ◽  
Minimal Time

The air pollution caused by the use of heavy fuel oil in shipping is a growing problem that is drawing increased attention. Methods have been developed to reduce air emissions from ships, more or less aimed at the choice of fuel and the related air emissions. However, the emissions of particulates, sulphur and carbon dioxide, which contribute to the greenhouse effect are not only related to the choice of fuel but also to the amount of fuel consumed in the combustion engines. This paper proposes an additional method that can contribute to the reduction of the air pollution from ships by decreasing the fuel consumption. This is done by specifying the amount of fuel that can be consumed on a specific ocean crossing and by computing a minimal-time route for that given amount of fuel, so decreasing the fuel consumption in a verifiable way.

scholarly journals Deviations and errors review on measuring and calculating heavy fuel oil consumption and fuel stock onboard vessels equipped with volumetric fuel consumption flowmeters

Pomorstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-307
Author(s):  
Josip Dujmović ◽  
Dean Bernečić
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Fuel Mass ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Mass Losses ◽  
Mass Conversion

A common way of measuring heavy fuel oil consumption on board a vessel is to use volumetric fuel flow meters installed at fuel systems inlets for each of the major fuel consumers. At each stage of the fuel processing cycle, certain mass fuel losses or deviations and calculation errors occur that are not counted accurately into fuel consumption figures. The goal of this paper is to identify those fuel mass losses and measuring/calculating errors and perform their quantitative numerical analysis based on actual data. Fuel mass losses defined as deviations identified during the fuel preparation process are evaporation of volatile organic compounds, water drainage, fuel separation, and leakages while errors identified are flow meter accuracy and volumetric/mass flow conversion accuracy. By utilizing statistical analysis of obtained data from engine logbook extracts from three different ships numerical models were generated for each fuel mass loss point. Measuring errors and volumetric/mass conversion errors are numerically analyzed based on actual equipment and models used onboard example vessels. By computational analysis of the obtained models, approximate percentage losses and errors are presented as a fraction of fuel quantity on board or as a fraction of fuel consumed. Those losses and errors present between 0,001% and 5% of fuel stock or fuel consumption figures for each identified loss/error point. This paper presents a contribution for more accurate heavy fuel oil consumption calculation and consequently accurate declaration of remaining fuel stock onboard. It also presents a base for possible further research on the possible influence of fuel grade, fuel water content on the accuracy of consumption calculation.

Biosorption of heavy fuel oil from aqueous solution by Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms in natura

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís A. Nascimento ◽  
Marilda N. Carvalho ◽  
Mohand Benachour ◽  
Valdemir A. Santos ◽  
Leonie A. Sarubbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil

scholarly journals Numerical investigation of the aerodynamic breakup of Diesel and heavy fuel oil droplets

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 203-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionisis Stefanitsis ◽  
Ilias Malgarinos ◽  
George Strotos ◽  
Nikolaos Nikolopoulos ◽  
Emmanouil Kakaras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Droplets

Measurements and predictions of nitric oxide and particulates emissions from heavy fuel oil spray flames

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 2241-2250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Byrnes ◽  
E.A. Foumeny ◽  
T. Mahmud ◽  
A.S.A.K. Sharifah ◽  
T. Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Spray Flames

scholarly journals Comparative sensitivity of the early life stages of a coral to heavy fuel oil and UV radiation

2021 ◽  
pp. 146676
Author(s):  
F. Mikaela Nordborg ◽  
Diane L. Brinkman ◽  
Gerard F. Ricardo ◽  
Susana Agustí ◽  
Andrew P. Negri
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Comparative Sensitivity

scholarly journals Cleaning up the air: Effectiveness of air quality policy for SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emissions in China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. van der A ◽  
Bas Mijling ◽  
Jieying Ding ◽  
Maria Elissavet Koukouli ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
Fossil Fuel Consumption ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Quality Policy

Abstract. Air quality observations by satellite instruments are spatially consistent, and have a regular temporal resolution, which make them very useful in studying long-term trends in atmospheric species. To monitor air quality trends in China for the period 2005–2015 we derive SO2 columns and NOx emissions on a provincial level with an unprecedented accuracy. To put these trends into perspective they are compared with public data on energy consumption and the environmental policies of China. We distinguish the effect of air quality regulations from economic growth by comparing them relatively to fossil fuel consumption. Pollutant levels, per unit of fossil fuel, are used to assess the effectiveness of air quality regulations. We note that the desulphurisation regulations enforced in 2005–2006 only had a significant effect in the years 2008–2009 when a much stricter control of the actual use of the installations began. For national NOx emissions a distinct decreasing trend is only visible since 2012, but the emission peak year differs from province to province. Unlike SO2, emissions of NOx are highly related to traffic. Furthermore, regulations for NOx emissions are partly decided on a provincial level. The last three years show both a reduction in SO2 and NOx emissions per fossil fuel unit, since the authorities have implemented several new environmental regulations. Despite an increasing fossil fuel consumption and a growing transport sector, the effects of air quality policy in China are clearly visible. Without the air quality regulations the concentration of SO2 would be almost 3 times higher and the NO2 concentrations would be at least 30 % higher than they are today in China.

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