scholarly journals Deviations and errors review on measuring and calculating heavy fuel oil consumption and fuel stock onboard vessels equipped with volumetric fuel consumption flowmeters

Pomorstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-307
Author(s):  
Josip Dujmović ◽  
Dean Bernečić
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Fuel Mass ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Mass Losses ◽  
Mass Conversion

A common way of measuring heavy fuel oil consumption on board a vessel is to use volumetric fuel flow meters installed at fuel systems inlets for each of the major fuel consumers. At each stage of the fuel processing cycle, certain mass fuel losses or deviations and calculation errors occur that are not counted accurately into fuel consumption figures. The goal of this paper is to identify those fuel mass losses and measuring/calculating errors and perform their quantitative numerical analysis based on actual data. Fuel mass losses defined as deviations identified during the fuel preparation process are evaporation of volatile organic compounds, water drainage, fuel separation, and leakages while errors identified are flow meter accuracy and volumetric/mass flow conversion accuracy. By utilizing statistical analysis of obtained data from engine logbook extracts from three different ships numerical models were generated for each fuel mass loss point. Measuring errors and volumetric/mass conversion errors are numerically analyzed based on actual equipment and models used onboard example vessels. By computational analysis of the obtained models, approximate percentage losses and errors are presented as a fraction of fuel quantity on board or as a fraction of fuel consumed. Those losses and errors present between 0,001% and 5% of fuel stock or fuel consumption figures for each identified loss/error point. This paper presents a contribution for more accurate heavy fuel oil consumption calculation and consequently accurate declaration of remaining fuel stock onboard. It also presents a base for possible further research on the possible influence of fuel grade, fuel water content on the accuracy of consumption calculation.

scholarly journals Analysis of Fairness Limit on Fuel Oil Consumption of TwoTail Test Based Excavator and Dump Truck A Case Study in PT XYZ

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Bella Puspa Octaviania ◽  
Supriyadi ◽  
Ambran Hartono
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Dump Truck ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Mining Operations

A lack of method to find out the fairness limit of fuel consumption in mining operations enables statistical approach with two-tail test be applied to observe the fairness limit of actual fuel oil consumption compared to the manual handbook of its equipment. Fuel consumption according to the manual handbook for EXCA LIEBHERR 9350 excavator is 207.23 liters/hour and EXCA HITACHI 2500 is 191.51 liters/hour, while CATERPILLAR 777D Dump Truck is 36-53 liters/hour consider as low, 53-73, 8 liters/hour medium, and 73.8-96.5 liters/hour as high. This statistical approach has been carried out after fulfilling the concept of mechanized earth-moving. As a result, the differences in fuel consumption of LIEBHERR 9350 and HITACHI 2500 are 3.72% and 3.26%, which are still in range of a reasonable fuel consumption limit, while CAT 777D operating on LIEBHERR 9350 and CAT 777D operating on HITACHI 2500, each shows a difference in fuel consumption. The differences are 29.65%, meaning that it has exceeded the reasonable limits of fuel consumption and 7.15%, meaning that it is still in range of a reasonable fuel consumption limit.

The Applied Research of Emulsified Heavy Fuel Oil Used for the Marine Diesel Engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Chao Miao ◽  
Chun Ling Yu ◽  
Bing Hui Wang ◽  
Kai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Marine Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Emulsified Fuel

In order to achieve the application of emulsified fuel oil on the marine,our discussion group developed a set of heavy fuel oil intelligent online emulsifying equipment tested on G6300ZC18B diesel of the ship Ningda "6". And the experimental result shows that, when water mixing ratio ranged from 16% to 24%, emulsification reached good level to apply as marine fuel. When burning emulsified fuel oil, the explosive pressure of diesel engine fluctuated in the range of 1-2Mpa, the exhaust temperature decreased 12°Cand the outlet temperature of cooling water declined slightly, but all the parameters above are in the normal range. The oil consumption decreased by 9.7% and the emission of NOX ,carbon smoke ,and CO reduced by 19.6%,20%,35% respectively.

Minimal Time Route Computation for Ships with Pre-Specified Voyage Fuel Consumption

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Bijlsma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Additional Method ◽  
Minimal Time

The air pollution caused by the use of heavy fuel oil in shipping is a growing problem that is drawing increased attention. Methods have been developed to reduce air emissions from ships, more or less aimed at the choice of fuel and the related air emissions. However, the emissions of particulates, sulphur and carbon dioxide, which contribute to the greenhouse effect are not only related to the choice of fuel but also to the amount of fuel consumed in the combustion engines. This paper proposes an additional method that can contribute to the reduction of the air pollution from ships by decreasing the fuel consumption. This is done by specifying the amount of fuel that can be consumed on a specific ocean crossing and by computing a minimal-time route for that given amount of fuel, so decreasing the fuel consumption in a verifiable way.

Nonlinear Droop Load Sharing to Minimize Gas Emissions and Fuel Consumption

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Rejani Miyazaki ◽  
Asgeir Johan Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Load Sharing ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Nonlinear Load ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Marine Systems ◽  
Fine Tune

In this paper, load sharing curves are generated for marine systems with multiple gensets, where the goal is to reduce both gas emissions and fuel consumption. Initially, the average emissions and fuel consumption for each engine are calculated based on the specific emission and Specific Fuel Oil Consumption (SFOC) curves of each generator set (genset). An optimal nonlinear load sharing subject to gas emission and fuel consumption minimization is found for each engine. One result is that identical gensets should not have the same droop curve on the optimum condition, since it would lead to equal load sharing among them and a suboptimal configuration. Cases with two identical engines, two different engines, and multiple different engines were studied. The results show that by modifying the usually linear droop curve of engines, it is possible to reduce the fuel consumption and the gas emission, and it is also possible to fine tune the solution such that the fuel consumption or gas emissions are reduced.

scholarly journals Pengaruh medan elektromagnetik pada prestasi mesin motor bakar empat langkah dengan bahan bakar gas

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Rifqi In'Amullah ◽  
Nasrul Ilminnafik
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Copper Wire ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Gas Fuel ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
High Level ◽  
Engine Power

The high level of fuel oil consumption in Indonesia caused by increases number of vehicles. Fuel oil consumption has switched into gas fuel as one of the secure alternative fuels and obtained more little gas emissions if compared with fuel oil. LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas) is one of the alternative fuel was environmentally friendly. This research is purposed for compared performance of four-step engine with premium fuel and LPG fuel with a variety of additional electromagnetic field 600, 800, and 1000 total of copper wire windings. Using LPG fuel can increase torque generated by engine, but the result of engine power to be lower. Based on research data 800 copper wire windings can increase the number of torque and generated power compared to LPG fuel standard. LPG fuel can save fuel consumption compared to premium fuel. The most optimum decrease in fuel consumption is generated by using 1000 copper wire windings. Using LPG fuel can also reduce CO, CO2, and HC emissions levels. The best CO, CO2, and HC emissions levels are obtained from 1000 copper wire windings.Keywords: torque, power, fuel consumption, emissions, and LPG.

Neural Network-Based Engine Propeller Matching (NN-EPM) for Trimaran Patrol Ship

2014 ◽  
Vol 493 ◽  
pp. 388-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy S. Koenhardono ◽  
Eko Budi Djatmiko ◽  
Adi Soeprijanto ◽  
Mohammad I. Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Reduction Gear ◽  
Maximum Relative Error ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Ship Speed

In recent years efforts on reducing fuel consumption has become the greatest issue related to energy crisis and global warming. The reduction of fuel consumption can be obtained, if the ship propulsion could be operated in its best performance level. Generally this is done by an appropriate analysis of engine propeller matching (EPM). In this study an EPM based on neural-network method, or NN-EPM, is established to predict the best performance of main engines, leading at minimum fuel oil consumption. A trimaran patrol ship is selected as a case study. This patrol ship is equipped with two 2720 kW main engines each connected to a controllable pitch propeller (CPP) through a reduction gear. The input parameters are ship speedVand service margin SM, with the corresponding output parameters comprise of engine speednE, engine break horse powerPB, propeller pitchP/D, and the fuel consumptionFC. An NN-EPM 2-20-15-4 configuration has been constructed out of 100 training data and then validated by 30 testing data. The maximum relative error between results from NN-EPM and EPM analysis is 2.1%, that is in term of the fuel consumption. For other parameters the errors are well below 1.0%. These facts indicate that the use of NN-EPM to predict the main engines's performance for trimaran patrol ship is satisfactory.

scholarly journals New concept and design of electronically controlled cylinder lubrication system for large two-stroke marine diesel engines

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 967-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhai He ◽  
Peilin Zhou ◽  
Liangtao Xie ◽  
Jiyun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Oil Injection

Lubrication of cylinders between liners and rings is one of the crucial factors that affects the efficient operation of diesel engines. Marine diesel engines usually use inferior heavy fuel oil with high sulphur content, and the acidic substances formed by fuel combustion need alkaline cylinder oil to neutralize. For the operational cost to a marine engine, besides fuel oil, cylinder oil also takes a big share. This article first analyses the advantages and disadvantages of existing cylinder lubrication systems with regard to oil injection control. Second, the control parameters and variables such as the oil injection pressure, timing, oil feed rate and reliability are analysed, and the corresponding control schemes formulated. Third, the control strategies are developed in detail. Finally, verification tests are carried out on an actual engine, with the results showing that the control strategies developed in this article provide a stable, cost-effective, creative and excellent solution for cylinder lubrication with reduced cylinder wear. A thin and uniform oil film distribution is retained on the liner surface, with savings in cylinder oil consumption, lower particulate matter emission levels and improved cylinder liner and piston rings running conditions. The experimental results show that the oil consumption could be reduced by up to 50%.

scholarly journals Bionics and green technology in maritime shipping: an assessment of the effect of Salvinia air-layer hull coatings for drag and fuel reduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 377 (2138) ◽  
pp. 20180263 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Busch ◽  
W. Barthlott ◽  
M. Brede ◽  
W. Terlau ◽  
M. Mail
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Ecological Benefit ◽  
Micro Bubble ◽  
Air Layers ◽  
Total Fuel Consumption

To save energy and reduce environmental impacts, new technologies towards a development of a sustainable ‘greener’ economy are needed. The main opportunity to improve sustainability by reducing emissions is within the transport sector. More than 90% of all goods worldwide are transported by ships. Particularly maritime ships using heavy fuel oil and marine gas oil play a major role. The total fuel consumption of shipping in 2016 was about 250 m t (domestic ca. 50 m t, international shipping ca. 200 m t). The vast portion of the energy consumption of a ship is the need to overcome the drag between ship hull and water—depending on the shape of the vessel and its size up to 90% of total fuel consumption. This means reducing drag helps to save fuel and reduces carbon emissions as well as pollution considerably. Different techniques for drag reduction are known, e.g. the micro-bubble technique or the bulbous bow. We investigated a novel bioinspired technique since 2002: the application of biomimetic surfaces with long-term stable air layers on ship hulls, serving as a slip agent. This technology is based on the Salvinia Effect, allowing a permanent stabilization of air layers under water. In this case study, we analysed the possible savings, which also could be combined with modified micro-bubble technologies. We calculated, based on a selection of five ship types, representing 75% of the world fleet, that air-layer hull coatings could lead to estimated savings of 32.5 million tons of fuel (meaning 13.0% of the worldwide shipping fuel consumption), equal to 18.5 billion US$ and 130.0 million tons of CO 2e per year. The positive impacts on global temperature and other greenhouse gases are calculated and could be a contributing factor in accomplishing the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. The study is a contribution to enhance our patchy knowledge concerning the potential economic and ecological benefit of bionics and biomimetic technologies. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology’.

scholarly journals Tuna Fisheries Fuel Consumption Reduction and Safer Operations

2021 ◽  
pp. 377-388
Author(s):  
Jose A. Fernandes ◽  
Zigor Uriondo ◽  
Igor Granado ◽  
Iñaki Quincoces
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Probabilistic Forecasting ◽  
Fuel Consumption Reduction ◽  
Fishing Strategies ◽  
Consumption Reduction ◽  
Fishing Fleets ◽  
Tuna Fisheries

AbstractThis chapter demonstrates the potential of tuna fishing fleets to reduce their fuel oil consumption. In the “Oceanic tuna fisheries, immediate operational choices” pilot, the data monitoring system on vessels  periodically upload data to the server for shore analysis. The data analytics employs fuel oil consumption equations and propulsion engine fault detection models. The fuel consumption equations are being used to develop immediate operational decision models. The fault detection models are used to plan  maintenance operations and to prevent unexpected engine malfunctions. The data-driven planning software allows probabilistic forecasting of tuna biomass distribution and analysing changes in fishing strategies leading to fuel consumption reduction. These changes in fishing strategies can be summarized as a transition from hunting to harvesting. Vessels do not  search for fish, but instread  take less risks and fish, where it is more likely that the fish can be found and is easier to capture. Buoy data are  increasingly used to improve stock assessments and have the potential to allow better monitoring and planning of fish quotas fulfilment.

scholarly journals MODEL ESTIMASI KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR KAPAL IKAN HUHATE DAN RAWAI TUNA

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Suryanto Suryanto ◽  
Wudianto Wudianto
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Indonesian Seas ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Long Line ◽  
The Government

Huhate dan rawai tuna merupakan alat tangkap utama untuk menangkap ikan tuna di perairan Indonesia. Hasil tangkapannya harus bersaing dalam perdagangan global dimana biaya bahan bakar merupakan faktor produksi yang dominan. Namun kebijakan Pemerintah terkait subsidi bahan bakar minyak terlalu sering berubah karena keterbatasan kemampuan keuangan Pemerintah. Disisi lain peraturan subsidi bahan bakar kapal perikanan yang berlaku kurang mencerminkan kondisi nyata armada perikanan Nasional. Oleh karena itu, perkiraan konsumsi bahan bakar yang diperlukan harus dilakukan secara cermat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model estimasi konsumsi BBM mesin induk dan mesin bantu, khususnya untuk armada huhate dan rawai tuna. Uji model Kleppesto, Digernes dan Hollenbach digunakan untuk mengestimasi daya mesin induk armada huhate dan rawai tuna berdasarkan data SIPI (Surat Ijin Penangkapan Ikan) dan pengukuran kecepatan kapal dilapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa model Kleppesto mendapatkan hasil lebih akurat. Selanjutnya model ini dipakai untuk memperkirakan faktor konsumsi BBM mesin induk dan mesin bantu (Cbbm) dengan 2 skenario efisiensi quasi propulsive optimis dan pesimis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, dengan kedua skenario tersebut, Cbbm armada huhate dan rawai tuna didapatkan nilai 0,121-0,160 dan 0,136-0,180 (kg/HP.jam). Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa untuk mendapatkan faktor konsumsi BBM kapal ikan perlu memperhatikan jenis alat tangkap ikan yang digunakan. Pole and line and long line are main fishing gear for catching tuna in Indonesian seas. Their catches must compete in global trade where as fuel cost is a dominant production factor. However the Government’s policy on fuel subsidies has changed too often due to the limited financial capacity of the Government. In addition, the present regulation of fuel subsidy for fishing vessels does not reflect the real condition of the national fishing fleet. Thus, the estimation of the required fuel consumption must be done carefully. This paper aims to develop fuel consumption estimation model for pole and liner and tuna longliner. Based on the data of fishing licences and in situ vessel speeds measurements; Kleppesto, Digernes and Hollenbach models were used to estimate the required engine power of pole and liner and tuna longliner samples. The study indicates that Kleppesto model is more accurate compared to the other two. Using the scenario of optimistic and pessimistic quasi propulsive efficiencies, then the models were used to estimate the fuel oil consumption factor for main and auxiliary engines (Cbbm) of the fleets. The research shows, Cbbm of pole and liner and tuna longliner are 0,121-0,160 dan 0,136-0,180 (kg/HP.jam)  respectively. The result showed that fuel oil consumption factor of fishing vessel depends on fishing gear used.

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