Minimal Time Route Computation for Ships with Pre-Specified Voyage Fuel Consumption

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Bijlsma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Additional Method ◽  
Minimal Time

The air pollution caused by the use of heavy fuel oil in shipping is a growing problem that is drawing increased attention. Methods have been developed to reduce air emissions from ships, more or less aimed at the choice of fuel and the related air emissions. However, the emissions of particulates, sulphur and carbon dioxide, which contribute to the greenhouse effect are not only related to the choice of fuel but also to the amount of fuel consumed in the combustion engines. This paper proposes an additional method that can contribute to the reduction of the air pollution from ships by decreasing the fuel consumption. This is done by specifying the amount of fuel that can be consumed on a specific ocean crossing and by computing a minimal-time route for that given amount of fuel, so decreasing the fuel consumption in a verifiable way.

THE APPLICATION OF FUZZY AHP – VIKOR HYBRID METHOD TO INVESTIGATE THE STRATEGY FOR REDUCING AIR POLLUTION FROM DIESEL POWERED VESSELS

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (A3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Demirel ◽  
M Mollaoğlu ◽  
U Bucak ◽  
T Arslan ◽  
A Balin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Hybrid Method ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Marine Areas

The negative impact of air pollution on human health had become a vital issue as a result of the increasing use of fossil fuels in recent years. In this context, maritime transportation is one of the most contaminant sectors by using much more fossil fuels. Ships which have a major role in maritime transport, directly affect human health via its emissions, especially in marine areas close to the land such as around the ports, canals, and straits. In this study, strategies were gathered by evaluating International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations, European Union (EU) recommendations and the applications of the ship owner companies to reduce air pollution stem from ships, and considering the priority perception of these strategies, the effect level of the strategies at the marine areas where ships are approaching the land was analysed by the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process-Visekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (AHP- VIKOR) hybrid method. As a result of the study, the most effective strategies appeared as “Forbiddance of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) usage on Ships” and “Detection of Low Sulphur Fuel Usage by the help of Remote Detector Systems”, and it was seen that these strategies would be most effective in canal or strait passing of the ships. It was also revealed that the relevant expert opinions and IMO regulations meshed together, and it was pointed out the applications for increasing fuel quality.

scholarly journals Seeds characters, pollen fertility and flavonoids of ten Brassicaceae collected near a kilns thermal power plant for air pollution bioindication

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
MITRA NOORI ◽  
ZAHRA BAGHAEIFAR ◽  
ABDOLKARIM CHEHREGANI ◽  
FARZANEH FARAKI
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
North East

Noori M, Baghaeifar Z, Chehregani A, Faraki F. 2018. Seeds characters, pollen fertility and flavonoids of ten Brassicaceae collected near a kilns thermal power plant for air pollution bioindication. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 96-104. Shazand Steam Power Plant located on North-East of Shazand, Iran began to work from 2000. The power plant necessity fuel is natural gas and mostly heavy fuel oil. The most pollutant of power plant is sulfur compounds in addition to nitric and carbon mono oxide. Because environmental pollutants influence plant fertility and chemical compounds, therefore this study was done on ten wild Brassicaceae (Alyssum linifolium var. linifolium, Alyssum longistylum, Alyssum marginatum, Choriospora persica, Clypeola lappacea, Conringia perfoliata, Descurainia sophia, Goldbachia laevigata, Isatis kotschyana and Neslia apiculata) taxa collected from the thermal power plant area for bioindication of regional air pollution comparing to controls collected 40 km away from the power plant. Brassicaceae members are important for their ecological, pastoral, medicinal and edible points. Seed width and length max. and their ratio and abnormal seed percentage were calculated. Pollen abnormality and sterility percentages determined using Muntezing’s acetocarmine and light microscopy. Also, their pollen flavonoids were semi-quantitatively assessed using two-dimensional paper and thin layer chromatography. Results showed seeds health and their dimensions reduction in polluted samples in comparison with controls. In C. lappacea significant differences of seed and pollen abnormality and pollen sterility percentages, morin and kaempferol concentrations, between control and polluted samples were observed (P≤0.05). Also, number and kind of pollen flavonoid changes especially increasing flavonoid contents were observed in polluted plants comparing to control. Studying seed and pollen characters can be used as air quality bioindicators.

The Application of Fuzzy AHP - VIKOR Hybrid Method to Investigate the Strategy for Reducing Air Pollution from Diesel Powered Vessels

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (A3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Demirel ◽  
M Mollaoglu ◽  
U Bucak ◽  
T Arslan ◽  
A Balin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Hybrid Method ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Marine Areas

The negative impact of air pollution on human health had become a vital issue as a result of the increasing use of fossil fuels in recent years. In this context, maritime transportation is one of the most contaminant sectors by using much more fossil fuels. Ships which have a major role in maritime transport, directly affect human health via its emissions, especially in marine areas close to the land such as around the ports, canals, and straits. In this study, strategies were gathered by evaluating International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations, European Union (EU) recommendations and the applications of the ship owner companies to reduce air pollution stem from ships, and considering the priority perception of these strategies, the effect level of the strategies at the marine areas where ships are approaching the land was analysed by the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process-Visekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (AHP-VIKOR) hybrid method. As a result of the study, the most effective strategies appeared as “Forbiddance of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) usage on Ships” and “Detection of Low Sulphur Fuel Usage by the help of Remote Detector Systems”, and it was seen that these strategies would be most effective in canal or strait passing of the ships. It was also revealed that the relevant expert opinions and IMO regulations meshed together, and it was pointed out the applications for increasing fuel quality.

Application of a variable-fidelity hydrodynamic optimization strategy in fuel-efficient ship design

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (18) ◽  
pp. 6293-6306
Author(s):  
Hassan Zakerdoost ◽  
Hassan Ghassemi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ship Design ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Variable Fidelity

Now more than ever, the amount of fuel a ship consumes and the amount of carbon dioxide emitted from a ship have attracted many researchers’ attention towards efficient and cost-effective ship designs. Therefore, fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emission reduction are two main targets of almost all industrial and scientific communities. The key scope of this article is to describe an innovative methodology for the variable-fidelity design optimization of a ship’s hull-propeller system under multiple operating conditions in early-stage ship design. Non-uniform rational basis spline technique and the efficient multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition are, respectively, used to generate variants of hull-propeller designs and minimize the fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emission as objective functions of the proposed problem. The variable fidelity numerical solvers are also applied for the hydrodynamic evaluation of the design performance during optimization. Three different specific fuel oil consumption data provided by the engine manufacturers Wartsila, MAN B&W and Caterpillar are used to optimize a medium-sized bulk carrier driven by a well-known propeller as the initial design. The numerical results show an improvement in performance of the optimal hull-propeller designs.

scholarly journals Bionics and green technology in maritime shipping: an assessment of the effect of Salvinia air-layer hull coatings for drag and fuel reduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 377 (2138) ◽  
pp. 20180263 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Busch ◽  
W. Barthlott ◽  
M. Brede ◽  
W. Terlau ◽  
M. Mail
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Ecological Benefit ◽  
Micro Bubble ◽  
Air Layers ◽  
Total Fuel Consumption

To save energy and reduce environmental impacts, new technologies towards a development of a sustainable ‘greener’ economy are needed. The main opportunity to improve sustainability by reducing emissions is within the transport sector. More than 90% of all goods worldwide are transported by ships. Particularly maritime ships using heavy fuel oil and marine gas oil play a major role. The total fuel consumption of shipping in 2016 was about 250 m t (domestic ca. 50 m t, international shipping ca. 200 m t). The vast portion of the energy consumption of a ship is the need to overcome the drag between ship hull and water—depending on the shape of the vessel and its size up to 90% of total fuel consumption. This means reducing drag helps to save fuel and reduces carbon emissions as well as pollution considerably. Different techniques for drag reduction are known, e.g. the micro-bubble technique or the bulbous bow. We investigated a novel bioinspired technique since 2002: the application of biomimetic surfaces with long-term stable air layers on ship hulls, serving as a slip agent. This technology is based on the Salvinia Effect, allowing a permanent stabilization of air layers under water. In this case study, we analysed the possible savings, which also could be combined with modified micro-bubble technologies. We calculated, based on a selection of five ship types, representing 75% of the world fleet, that air-layer hull coatings could lead to estimated savings of 32.5 million tons of fuel (meaning 13.0% of the worldwide shipping fuel consumption), equal to 18.5 billion US$ and 130.0 million tons of CO 2e per year. The positive impacts on global temperature and other greenhouse gases are calculated and could be a contributing factor in accomplishing the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. The study is a contribution to enhance our patchy knowledge concerning the potential economic and ecological benefit of bionics and biomimetic technologies. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology’.

scholarly journals Deviations and errors review on measuring and calculating heavy fuel oil consumption and fuel stock onboard vessels equipped with volumetric fuel consumption flowmeters

Pomorstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-307
Author(s):  
Josip Dujmović ◽  
Dean Bernečić
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Fuel Mass ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Mass Losses ◽  
Mass Conversion

A common way of measuring heavy fuel oil consumption on board a vessel is to use volumetric fuel flow meters installed at fuel systems inlets for each of the major fuel consumers. At each stage of the fuel processing cycle, certain mass fuel losses or deviations and calculation errors occur that are not counted accurately into fuel consumption figures. The goal of this paper is to identify those fuel mass losses and measuring/calculating errors and perform their quantitative numerical analysis based on actual data. Fuel mass losses defined as deviations identified during the fuel preparation process are evaporation of volatile organic compounds, water drainage, fuel separation, and leakages while errors identified are flow meter accuracy and volumetric/mass flow conversion accuracy. By utilizing statistical analysis of obtained data from engine logbook extracts from three different ships numerical models were generated for each fuel mass loss point. Measuring errors and volumetric/mass conversion errors are numerically analyzed based on actual equipment and models used onboard example vessels. By computational analysis of the obtained models, approximate percentage losses and errors are presented as a fraction of fuel quantity on board or as a fraction of fuel consumed. Those losses and errors present between 0,001% and 5% of fuel stock or fuel consumption figures for each identified loss/error point. This paper presents a contribution for more accurate heavy fuel oil consumption calculation and consequently accurate declaration of remaining fuel stock onboard. It also presents a base for possible further research on the possible influence of fuel grade, fuel water content on the accuracy of consumption calculation.

Carbon Dioxide Sequestration from Biogas Production by Microalgae Chlorella sp.

2016 ◽  
Vol 848 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Duongruitai Nicomrat ◽  
Korakote Hanthanyagram ◽  
Apinyaporn Saithong ◽  
Thanatcha Wongjaeng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Medium System ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiencies

In this study, the research team aimed to apply the use of biological capturing system of single cell algae, common microalgae species Chlorella sp. that have higher photosynthetic efficiencies in efficient capturing carbon dioxide. Here, , In the biological CO2 capturing process, biogas was pumped to the water recycling culturing medium, only CO2, not CH4, could dissolved efficiently with the sprayer and recycling medium system. The results showed the microorganisms could resist to methane except H2S and significantly induced at least 90-95% CO2 removal efficiency and increased in Cholerella sp. biomass production within 7 day cultivation compared the system without CO2 feeding (0.6 and 0.4 percentage (g/mL), respectively. Since the biological treatment approach was durable and could possibly further applied for treating flue carbon dioxide exhausted by power plant and fuel-types, and mitigating acid rain, heavy fuel oil, natural gas prevention.

scholarly journals Forty years of improvements in European air quality: the role of EU policy–industry interplay

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (14) ◽  
pp. 20245-20285 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Crippa ◽  
G. Janssens-Maenhout ◽  
F. Dentener ◽  
D. Guizzardi ◽  
K. Sindelarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Current Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract. The EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) v4.3 global anthropogenic emissions inventory of several gaseous (SO2, NOx, CO, non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and NH3) and particulate (PM10, PM2.5, black and organic carbon (BC and OC)) air pollutants for the period 1970–2010 is used to develop retrospective air pollution emission scenarios to quantify the roles and contributions of changes in fuels consumption, technology, end-of-pipe emission reduction measures and their resulting impact on health and crop yields. This database presents changes in activity data, fuels and air pollution abatement technology for the past 4 decades, using international statistics and following guidelines for bottom-up emission inventory at the Tier 1 and Tier 2 levels with region-specific default values. With two further retrospective scenarios we assess (1) the impact of the technology and end-of-pipe (EOP) reduction measures in the European Union (EU) by considering a stagnation of technology with constant emission factors from 1970 and with no further abatement measures and improvement in European emissions standards, but fuel consumption occurring at historical pace, and (2) the impact of increased fuel consumption by considering unchanged energy use with constant fuel consumption since 1970, but technological development and end-of-pipe reductions. Our scenario analysis focuses on the three most important and most regulated sectors (power generation, the manufacturing industry and road transport), which are subject of multi-pollutant EU Air Quality regulations. If technology and European EOP reduction measures had stagnated at 1970 levels, EU air quality in 2010 would have suffered from 129 % higher SO2, 71 % higher NOx and 69 % higher PM2.5 emissions, demonstrating the large role of technology in reducing emissions in 2010. However, if fuel consumption had remained constant starting in 1970, the EU would have benefited from current technology and emission control standards, with reductions in NOx by even 13 % more. Such further savings are not observed for SO2 and PM2.5. If the EU consumed the same amount of fuels as in 1970 but with the current technology and emission control standards, then the emissions of SO2 and PM2.5 would be 42 % respectively 10 % higher. This scenario shows the importance for air quality of abandoning heavy residual fuel oil and shifting fuel types (from, e.g., coal to gas) in the EU. A reduced-form TM5-FASST (Fast Screening Scenario Tool based on the global chemical Transport Model 5) is applied to calculate regional and global levels of aerosol and ozone concentrations and to assess the impact of air quality improvements on human health and crop yield loss, showing substantial impacts of export of EU technologies and standards to other world regions.

scholarly journals Reduction of the number of cylinders in internal combustion engines – contemporary trends in downsizing

2014 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Pielecha ◽  
Wojciech Cieślik ◽  
Przemysław Borowski ◽  
Jakub Czajka ◽  
Wojciech Bueschke
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Performance Parameters

The article presents the possibility of reduction of the CO2 emission due to application of downsizing, resulting also in the reduction in fuel consumption by engines. From 2015, carbon dioxide emissions will be limited to 130 g/km. Due to this there has been observed an increase in the number of three-cylinder combustion engines on the offer of most global automotive companies. In the article are presented selected new designs of three-cylinder engines, with focus on their performance parameters. The static and dynamic downsizing has been defined as the contemporary direction of the development of combustion engines. In the article are also suggested indexes of static and dynamic downsizing and their interdependency for the considered combustion engines.

scholarly journals Influence of Cruise Control Use on Vehicle´s Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Michal Loman ◽  
Branislav Šarkan ◽  
Tomáš Skrúcaný
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Diagnostic Device ◽  
Emission Standard ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Most vehicles used in road transport are powered by internal combustion engines. Depending on the nature of their operation, each vehicle releases a certain amount of emissions into the air. Among other things, emissions include carbon dioxide, which significantly contributes to the greenhouse effect. The quantity of CO2 produced is closely related to fuel consumption. The article presents the results of test drives which were performed on a passenger car meeting emission standard Euro 4. The aim of the study was to verify the impact of the use of cruise control on fuel consumption of the vehicle. The measurement was performed on the basis of test drives carried out on a highway section. The consumption was determined based on the data obtained from a diagnostic device, which was connected to the vehicle via OBD. The test drives were repeated several times in order to get as close as possible to the actual operation of the vehicle.

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