X. An account of the remarkable effects of a shipwreck on the mariners; with experiments and observations on the influence of immersion in fresh and salt water, hot and cold, on the powers of the living body

1792 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 199-224 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Great Risk ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Warm Climate ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Living Body ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sand Bank ◽  
Original Number

The following narrative is submitted to the Royal Society, as containing in itself some curious circumstances, and as having suggested the experiments afterwards to be recited. On the 13th of December, 1790, an American ship was cast away on a sand-bank that lies in the opening of the river Mersey into the Irish Channel. The crew got on a part of the wreck, where they passed the night; and a signal which they made being discovered next day from Hillberry Island, a boat went off, though at a great risk, and took up the survivors. The unfortunate men had remained twenty-three hours on the wreck; and of fourteen, the original number, eleven were still alive, all of whom in the end recovered. Of the three that perished, one was the master of the vessel; another was a passenger who had been a master, but had lost or sold his ship in America; the third was the cook. The bodies of these unfortunate persons were also brought off by the men from Hillberry Island, and were afterwards interred in Saint Nicholas church-yard, amidst a great crowd of spectators. The cook, who was a weakly man, died a few hours before the boat reached the wreck, but the two masters had been long dead, and this added to the sympathy for their loss, a curiosity to inquire into its circumstances and causes. When the following particulars came to be known, this curiosity was increased. Both the masters were strong and healthy men, and one of them a native of Scotland, in the flower of life, early inured to cold and hardships, and very vigorous both in body and mind. On the other hand, several of the survivors were by no means strong men, most of them were natives of the warm climate of Carolina, and what was singular enough, the person among the whole who seemed to have suffered least was a negro.

Coatings Formed on Steel by Cathodic Protection And Their Evaluation by Polarization Measurements

CORROSION ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 59t-68t ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. SCHWERDTFEGER ◽  
RAUL J. MANUELE
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carbon Anode ◽  
Zinc Anode ◽  
The Third ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
City Water

Abstract Three steel specimens were continuously exposed in the laboratory for almost 5 years in city water to which was added 3 percent by weight of sodium chloride. Two of these specimens were under continuous cathodic protection, one by current from a zinc anode, and the other by current from a rectifier through a carbon anode. The third specimen was left to corrode freely. As a result of the cathodic protection, carbonates and silicates formed protective coatings which eventually reduced the current density required for protection from about 5 to 0.02 ma/sq ft. A coated specimen, after being without protective current for 32 days (including 12 days out of the salt water), required only 0.3 ma/sq ft for initial protection. The instantaneous corrosion rates on the coated specimens (scratched and unscratched) while without protective currents were measured by changes-in-slope (breaks) in polarization curves. The currents at which breaks occurred in the cathodic curves were found to be related to ΔV/ΔI values from the curves, which values in turn bore a relation to the corrosion rates as measured by weight loss.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Varieties of B. coli isolated from “Typhoid” and Normal Dejecta

1901 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Horrocks
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
The Third

The want of success which has so persistently attended the efforts of most bacteriologists to isolate the B. typhosus from water supplies suspected to have caused enteric fever, suggested a study of the varieties of B. coli which are associated with the B. typhosus in the dejecta of patients suffering from enteric fever. It was hoped that the organisms in question might show cultural characteristics or reactions to specific sera, which would enable them to be distinguished from the varieties of B. coli present in the dejecta of healthy people; so that even if the B. typhosus were not detected, the presence of these special organisms might afford reasonable grounds for the belief that the water under examination had been fouled by the specific dejecta of cases of enteric fever. With this object in view 150 organisms have been examined; of these 80 were isolated from the stools of cases of enteric fever and 70 from the stools of healthy men. The enteric fever cases were five in number, one being a severe relapse, and the other four severe cases which terminated fatally. The stools were obtained during the third and fourth weeks of the disease and also, in the fatal cases, from the intestines after death had occurred.

The Practical Aspect of Seaplanes

1923 ◽  
Vol 27 (150) ◽  
pp. 272-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Cave-Browne-Cave
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
In The Beginning

A meeting of the Society was held in the rooms of the Royal Society of Arts, Adelphi, London, on Thursday, February 15th, 1923, Professor L. Bairstow presiding. The Chairman, referring to the paper to be read, namely, on “ The Practical Aspect of Seaplanes,” by Wing Commander T. R. Cave-Browne-Cave, C.B.E., said that this was the third of the series of lectures on seaplanes, a series which came into being mainly at the instigation of Wing Commander Cave-Browne-Cave. The lecturer was a member of the Council of the Society, and had thought that it woqld be advisable to have a connected series of papers of this description ; it could be said that the policy adopted had been successful and would be rounded off by that evening’s lecture. The author, in the beginning of the paper, explained what his position was, and that the paper represented other views in addition to his own, so that he (the Chairman) did not propose to enter into that subject, but he asked those present to note, when the paper was read, how the whole cause of seaplane development cried out loudly for further experiment. The conclusions in the paper were more definite than those they usually associated with pilots’ opinions on the flying of aircraft, but that they were generally sound he himself had some reason to know. On the other hand, it was quite clear from the paper that the author had not been able to put into numerical form many things which he knew were true in a general way. He then called upon the author to read his paper.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE TIDES ON THE PHYSICALCHEMICAL PARAMETERS PRESENT IN THE WATERS OF THE GUARAGUAÇU RIVER - PR

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (30) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
I. STASZCZAK ◽  
J. R. C. ROCHA
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
High Tide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oceanic Water ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Sampling Zone ◽  
The One

The GuaraguaçU River is an important Paranaense coastal ecosystem. As this water body approaches the mouth of the river, fresh water is gradually mixed with the salt water of the ocean by the action of the tidal cycle, thus characterizing the estuarine environment. In this study gravimetric tests were carried out to determine the concentration of total solids dissolved in the samples of said river. These values were compared with those of electrical conductivity and the salinity of the samples. Sixteen samples were collected in each of the two sampling periods, with the first period being high tide and the other with low tide. For the homogeneity of the results, the distance between the sampling points was 1100m, making the total of 18km. By evaluating the results obtained, one can notice that in the mixing of the waters three very distinct zones are formed: the first is the one in which there is predominance of continental water; the second is where the mixture of continental and oceanic waters occurs and the third is where there is predominance of oceanic water. In the second sampling zone, the increase in the values of the obtained results is clearly observed, the closer they are to the mouth of the river.

3. On the nervous ganglia of the uterus

1843 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 321-323
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Gravid Uterus ◽  
Posterior Surface ◽  
The Third ◽  
Inferior Border ◽  
Arteries And Veins

The author, in a paper which was read to the Royal Society on the 12th of December, 1839, had described four great plexuses under the peritoneum of the gravid uterus, having an extensive connexion with the hypogastric and spermatic nerves. From their form, co­lour, general distribution, and resemblance to ganglionic plexuses of nerves, and from their branches actually coalescing with those of the hypogastric and spermatic nerves, he was induced to believe, on first discovering them, that they were ganglionic nervous plexuses, and that they constituted the special nervous system of the uterus. He states in the present paper, that subsequent dissections of the unimpregnated uterus, and of the gravid uterus in the third, fourth, sixth, seventh, and ninth months of pregnancy, have enabled him not only to confirm the accuracy of his former observations, but also to dis­cover the important fact, that there are many large ganglia on the uterine nerves, and on those of the vagina and bladder, which enlarge with the coats, blood-vessels, nerves, and absorbents of the uterus during pregnancy, and which return, after parturition, to their ori­ginal condition before conception took place. The author next pro­ceeds to describe the two great ganglia situated on the sides of the neck of the uterus, in which the hypogastric and several of the sa­cral nerves terminate, and which he calls the hypogastric , or uterocervical ganglia . In the unimpregnated state, they are of an irre­gular, triangular, or oblong shape, about half an inch in the long diameter, and always consist of grey and white matter, like other ganglia. They are covered by the trunks of the vaginal and vesical arteries and veins ; and each ganglion has an artery of considerable size, which enters it near the centre and divides into branches, ac­companying the nerves given off from its anterior and inferior borders. From the inner and posterior surface of each of these ganglia, nerves pass off, which anastomose with the hemorrhoidal nerves, and ramify on the sides of the vagina, and between the vagina and rectum. From the inferior border of each hypogastric ganglion several fasci­culi of nerves are given off, which pass down on the sides of the vagina, and enter some large flat ganglia, midway between the os uteri and ostium vaginæ. From these vaginal ganglia innumerable filaments of nerves, on which small flat ganglia are formed, extend to the sphincter, where they are lost in a white dense membranous expansion. From this great web of ganglia and nerves numerous branches are sent to the sides of the bladder, and enter it around the ureter. All these nerves of the vagina are accompanied with arteries ; and they often form complete rings of nerve around the trunks of the great veins. The author then describes the nerves which are given off from the anterior margin of each hypogastric ganglion, some of which pass on the outside of the ureter, and others on the inside, and meet in front of the ureter in a ganglion, which he calls the middle vesical ganglion. There are other two ganglia, he states, formed on these nerves; one between the uterus and ureter, and the other between the ureter and vagina. These he calls the internal and external vesical ganglia. Not only is the ureter inclosed within a great ring of nervous mat­ter, which, he says, resembles the œsophageal ganglia in some of the invertebrata; but the trunks of the uterine artery and vein are like­wise encircled by a great collar of nervous matter, between which and the hypogastric ganglion several large and some small branches pass.

Importance of muscle phosphocreatine during intermittent maximal cycling

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 1574-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Trump ◽  
G. J. Heigenhauser ◽  
C. T. Putman ◽  
L. L. Spriet
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
The Third ◽  
Glycolytic Intermediates ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

To examine the importance of phosphocreatine (PCr) degradation in maintaining power output during maximal intermittent cycling, seven healthy men completed three bouts of isokinetic cycling (30 s, 100 revolutions/min) with 4 min of rest between bouts. After bout 2, blood flow to one leg was occluded by cuffing the thigh (Cuff) during the rest period to prevent PCr resynthesis while the circulation to the other leg was intact (Cont). The cuff was then removed and bout 3 completed. Muscle biopsies were sampled from the vastus lateralis of both legs just before and immediately after bout 3. Total work produced by the Cuff and Cont legs was similar during bouts 1 (9.3 +/- 0.5 and 9.6 +/- 0.5 kJ, respectively) and 2 (8.1 +/- 0.4 and 8.3 +/- kJ, respectively). Cuffing prevented the resynthesis of PCr because pre-bout 3 contents were 20.7 +/- 8.4 and 63.0 +/- 3.3 mmol/kg dry muscle in the Cuff and Cont legs, respectively. Cuffing also resulted in significantly higher muscle levels of lactate, H+ concentration (287 +/- 26 vs. 217 +/- 15 nM), ADP, AMP, and acetyl-CoA before bout 3 but had no effect on other glycolytic intermediates, ATP, or acetylcarnitine. Total work in bout 3 was significantly reduced by 15% in the Cuff leg (5.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 6.8 +/- 0.6 kJ). PCr degradation during bout 3 was 3.1 and 47.5 mmol/kg dry muscle in the Cuff and Cont legs, respectively, and lactate accumulation was minimal in both legs. Changes in all other metabolites during bout 3 were not different between legs. The results suggest that PCr contributed approximately 15% of the total ATP provision during the third 30-s bout of maximal isokinetic cycling and that most of the ATP was provided during the initial 15 s. Muscle glycogenolysis contributed minimally to ATP provision (approximately 10-15%) during the third 30-s bout, suggesting that aerobic metabolism becomes the dominant source of ATP during this model of repeated sprinting.

Efficacy of some insecticide modules against major insect pests and spider population of rice, Oryza sativa L.

ENTOMON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Atanu Seni ◽  
Bhimasen Naik
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to assess some insecticide modules against major insect pests of rice. Each module consists of a basal application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT and Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 45 DAT except untreated control. All modules differ with each other only in third treatment which was applied in 65 DAT. The third treatment includes: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1, Triflumezopyrim 106 SC @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Buprofezin 25 SC @ 250 g a.i ha-1; Glamore (Imidacloprid 40+Ethiprole 40% w/w) 80 WG @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, Thiacloprid 24 SC @ 60 g a.i ha-1, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1, Dinotefuran 20 SG@ 40 g a.i ha-1 and untreated control. All the treated plots recorded significantly lower percent of dead heart, white ear- head caused by stem borer and silver shoot caused by gall midge. Module with Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plot recorded significantly higher per cent reduction of plant hoppers (>80% over untreated control) and produced higher grain yield (50.75 qha-1) than the other modules. Among the different treated modules the maximum number of spiders was found in Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1 treated module plot followed by other treatments.

Retroaktive Neuverhandlung

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Martin Feige
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
The Third ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Relationship

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frage historischer Folgeverhältnisse in der Kunst. Gegenüber dem Gedanken, dass es ein ursprüngliches Werk in der Reihe von Werken gibt, das späteren Werken seinen Sinn gibt, schlägt der Text vor, das Verhältnis umgekehrt zu denken: Im Lichte späterer Werke wird der Sinn früherer Werke neu ausgehandelt. Dazu geht der Text in drei Schritten vor. Im ersten Teil formuliert er unter der Überschrift ›Form‹ in kritischer Abgrenzung zu Danto und Eco mit Adorno den Gedanken, dass Kunstwerke eigensinnig konstituierte Gegenstände sind. Die im Gedanken der Neuverhandlung früherer Werke im Lichte späterer Werke vorausgesetzte Unbestimmtheit des Sinns von Kunstwerken wird im zweiten Teil unter dem Schlagwort ›Zeitlichkeit‹ anhand des Paradigmas der Improvisation erörtert. Der dritte und letzte Teil wendet diese improvisatorische Logik unter dem Label ›Neuaushandlung‹ dann dezidiert auf das Verhältnis von Vorbild und Nachbild an. The article proposes a new understanding of historical succession in the realm of art. In contrast to the idea that there is an original work in the series of works that gives meaning to the works that come later, the text proposes to think it exactly the other way round: in the light of later works, the meanings of earlier works are renegotiated. The text proceeds in three steps to develop this idea. Under the heading ›Form‹ it develops in the first part a critical reading of Danto’s and Eco’s notion of the constitution of the artworks and argues with Adorno that each powerful work develops its own language. In the second part, the vagueness of the meaning of works of art presupposed in the idea of renegotiating earlier works in the light of later works is discussed under the term ›Temporality‹ in terms of the logic of improvisation. The third and final part uses this improvisational logic under the label ›Renegotiation‹ to understand the relationship between model and afterimage in the realm of art.

Features of the course and treatment of glaucoma during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
T. V. Chernyakova ◽  
A. Yu. Brezhnev ◽  
I. R. Gazizova ◽  
A. V. Kuroyedov ◽  
A. V. Seleznev
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chronic Progressive Disease ◽  
Hypotensive Therapy ◽  
Eye Pressure

In the review we have integrated all up-to-date knowledge concerning clinical course and treatment of glaucoma among pregnant women to help specialists choose a proper policy of treatment for such a complicated group of patients. Glaucoma is a chronic progressive disease. It rarely occurs among childbearing aged women. Nevertheless the probability to manage pregnant patients having glaucoma has been recently increasing. The situation is complicated by the fact that there are no recommendations on how to treat glaucoma among pregnant women. As we know, eye pressure is progressively going down from the first to the third trimester, so we often have to correct hypotensive therapy. Besides, it is necessary to take into account the effect of applied medicines on mother health and evaluate possible teratogenic complications for a fetus. The only medicine against glaucoma which belongs to category B according to FDA classification is brimonidine. Medicines of the other groups should be prescribed with care. Laser treatment or surgery may also be a relevant decision when monitoring patients who are planning pregnancy or just bearing a child. Such treatment should be also accompanied by medicines.

The Nile Delta during the Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom periods. Preliminary remarks on the evolution of settlement landscape

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-61
Author(s):  
Natalia Małecka-Drozd
Keyword(s):  
Nile Delta ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
The Other ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Early Dynastic ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Settlement Landscape ◽  
New Settlements

The 3rd millennium BC appears to be a key period of development of the historical settlement landscape in ancient Egypt. After the unification of the country, the process of disappearance of the predynastic socio-political structures and settlement patterns associated with them significantly accelerated. Old chiefdoms, along with their centres and elites, declined and vanished. On the other hand, new settlements emerging in various parts of the country were often strictly related to the central authorities and formation of the new territorial administration. Not negligible were climatic changes, which influenced the shifting of the ecumene. Although these changes were evolutionary in their nature, some important stages may be recognized. According to data obtained during surveys and excavations, there are a number of sites that were considerably impoverished and/or abandoned before and at the beginning of the Old Kingdom. On the other hand, during the Third and Fourth Dynasties some important Egyptian settlements have emerged in the sources and begun their prosperity. Architectural remains as well as written sources indicate the growing interest of the state in the hierarchy of landscape elements and territorial structure of the country.

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