scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Varieties of B. coli isolated from “Typhoid” and Normal Dejecta

1901 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Horrocks
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
The Third

The want of success which has so persistently attended the efforts of most bacteriologists to isolate the B. typhosus from water supplies suspected to have caused enteric fever, suggested a study of the varieties of B. coli which are associated with the B. typhosus in the dejecta of patients suffering from enteric fever. It was hoped that the organisms in question might show cultural characteristics or reactions to specific sera, which would enable them to be distinguished from the varieties of B. coli present in the dejecta of healthy people; so that even if the B. typhosus were not detected, the presence of these special organisms might afford reasonable grounds for the belief that the water under examination had been fouled by the specific dejecta of cases of enteric fever. With this object in view 150 organisms have been examined; of these 80 were isolated from the stools of cases of enteric fever and 70 from the stools of healthy men. The enteric fever cases were five in number, one being a severe relapse, and the other four severe cases which terminated fatally. The stools were obtained during the third and fourth weeks of the disease and also, in the fatal cases, from the intestines after death had occurred.

Comparative Study Between Two Swarm Intelligence Automatic Text Summaries

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Amine Boudia ◽  
Reda Mohamed Hamou ◽  
Abdelmalek Amine
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Swarm Intelligence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Simple Majority ◽  
Social Bees ◽  
The Third ◽  
Automatic Text ◽  
Previous Step

This article is a comparative study between two bio-inspired approach based on the swarm intelligence for automatic text summaries: Social Spiders and Social Bees. The authors use two techniques of extraction, one after the other: scoring of phrases, and similarity that aims to eliminate redundant phrases without losing the theme of the text. While the optimization use the bio-inspired approach to performs the results of the previous step. Its objective function of the optimization is to maximize the sum of similarity between phrases of the candidate summary in order to keep the theme of the text, minimize the sum of scores in order to increase the summarization rate; this optimization also will give a candidate's summary where the order of the phrases changes compared to the original text. The third and final step concerned in choosing a best summary from all candidates summaries generated by optimization layer, the authors opted for the technique of voting with a simple majority.

scholarly journals The Translatability of Metaphor in Eliot’s The Waste Land: A Comparative Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ayed Ibrahim Ayassrah ◽  
Mohd Nazri Latiff Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
English Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Original Text ◽  
English Poetry ◽  
Everyday Language ◽  
The Waste Land ◽  
Waste Land ◽  
The Third

There is an obvious gap in studying the translatability of metaphor in modern English poetry, particularly in Eliot’s The Waste Land. Furthermore, it is observed that most previous studies about metaphor are in and for English, and only few ones have tackled the translatability of metaphor into another language. However, the current study aims to explore this phenomenon in Eliot’s The Waste Land and three of its Arabic translations. All metaphors of The Waste Land and its three translations are identified, studied and classified into juxtaposed tables to facilitate the comparative process. Then, an assessment of each translation is made to be compared to the original text and the other translations. This comparison aims at identifying the translatability of metaphor in The Waste Land, the most and least used strategy and how the three translators have dealt with the original text. The study also shows that the three translators could translate most of Eliot’s metaphors into Arabic analogous metaphors; Lu’lu’ah uses this strategy the most and Raghib the least. Furthermore, the strategy of paraphrasing the metaphor is used more than the second one (11 cases). Finally, this study suggests three recommendations for further upcoming studies. The first one is: Conducting a comparative study on using metaphor in the spoken languages or dialects of two different societies (the Jordanian and British, for instance). The second is: Exploring this phenomenon in students’ everyday language; and the third is: Investigating the ability of English language students in rendering metaphor from English into Arabic.

scholarly journals “DESCENT INTO HELL” VS “THE LEGEND OF THE GREAT GUEST”: CHRISTIAN DOGMA IN THE ETHNO-RELIGIOUS SYSTEM OF THE OSSETIANS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.Г. КЦОЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
New Testament ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Religious System ◽  
The World ◽  
Religious Cult ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Canonical Texts ◽  
The Comparative Study

Статья посвящена анализу христианских интерференций в самобытной этноре- лигиозной системе осетин. В «Осетинских этюдах» Миллер со ссылкой на работу Б. Га- тиева привел легенду о Барастыре. Этот правитель загробного мира по ходатайству неизвестного, но «великого гостя» выпустил грешников из ада и ввел их в рай. Миллер, предположивший в данной легенде отражение христианского догматического предания о сошествии Иисуса Христа в ад, не стал доказывать свою гипотезу, и в некоторой сте- пени настоящее исследование является ее научной проверкой. Анализ сюжета позволяет с уверенностью констатировать его христианскую основу. Предпринятое сравнитель- ное изучение осетинской легенды и христианского догмата выявило как совпадения, так и несовпадения отдельных элементов легенды с каноническим преданием, что обусловило необходимость обращения к ветхо- и новозаветным апокрифам, касающимся данного со- бытия. Их разбор также не оставил сомнений в точности миллеровской догадки. Отсыл- ка к неканоническим текстам в ходе настоящего исследования была обусловлена также скудостью упоминаний о событии Сошествия в ад в библейском каноне. Обращение же к неканоническим евангелиям в ходе сравнительного анализа способствовало его существен- ной объективации, вследствие чего в статье особо подчеркивается проблема апокрифиче- ских заимствований, остающаяся, судя по небольшому количеству публикаций, одной из наименее изученных в осетиноведении. Кроме того, материалы сравнительного изучения способствовали выявлению третьего, неожиданного объекта анализа — иудейских элемен- тов в предпасхальной этнорелигиозной обрядности осетин («суфæхæрæн æхсæв»), что позволило вывести исследование за рамки собственно мировоззренческой сферы в другую область религиозной системы — этнорелигиозную культовую практику. The article is devoted to the analysis of the Christian interference into the original ethnoreligious system of the Ossetians. V. Miller in his «Ossetian etudes» referred to B. Gatiev’s work where the legend about Barastyr is narrated. This ruler of the world of the dead at the request of the «great guest» released sinners from the hell and welcomed them to the paradise. V. Miller suggested that this legend reflects the Christian dogmatic tradition of the Descent of Jesus Christ into hell. He, however, did not develop this hypothesis, and, to some extent, the present study is a scientific verification of this hypothesis. The analysis of the plot allows us to state with certainty its Christian basis. The undertaken comparative study of the Ossetian legend and Christian dogma revealed both coincidences and discrepancies between the separate elements of the legend with the canonical gospel. This necessitated addressing the Old and New Testament apocrypha, which relate this event. The present analysis leaves little doubt about the accuracy of Millerʼs guess. The reference to non-canonical texts in the course of this study is also due to the meagerness of references to the Descent into hell. The analysis of the non-canonical Gospels in the course of the comparative study contributed to its significant objectification, as a result of which the article highlights the problem of apocryphal borrowings. Judging by the small number of publications, this problem is one of the least investigated in the Ossetian studies. In addition, the materials of the comparative study helped to identify the third, unexpected object of analysis — the Jewish elements in the religious pre-Easter ritual («sufæhæræn æхsæv») among Ossetians. This made it possible to extend the research beyond the actual worldview scope to the other field of the religious system — ethno-religious cult practice.

THE IMPACT OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL AFFIXES IN THE LINGUISTIC ECONOMY“A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN HEBREW AND ARABIC LANGUAGE”

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-338
Author(s):  
Ibtisam Jebur MNEHIL, Ban Salih Mahdi AL KHAFAJI ◽  
Rasheed Ghazwan MAJEED
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Great Similarity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Impact

The research paper focuses on the morphological affixes in the two languages, Arabic and Hebrew and the impact of these affixes in the linguistic economy. The study aims at gaining knowledge of what linguistic economy achieved by morphological affixes which contribute in creating the rich meaning by little pronunciation as well as making a comparison between the two languages to know the language that is the most economic than the other and investigating the reasons behind this economy. The research is divided into three sections. The first one focuses on the morphological prefixes; the second one on the internal affixations; and the third one on morphological suffixes. The study concluded that there is a great similarity between the Hebrew and Arabic languages in many of the morphological affixations in addition to the simple differences between the two languages. An aspect of this difference is that the Hebrew language tends to borrow the affixations from the foreign languages more than the Arabic language.

X. An account of the remarkable effects of a shipwreck on the mariners; with experiments and observations on the influence of immersion in fresh and salt water, hot and cold, on the powers of the living body

1792 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 199-224 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Great Risk ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Warm Climate ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Living Body ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sand Bank ◽  
Original Number

The following narrative is submitted to the Royal Society, as containing in itself some curious circumstances, and as having suggested the experiments afterwards to be recited. On the 13th of December, 1790, an American ship was cast away on a sand-bank that lies in the opening of the river Mersey into the Irish Channel. The crew got on a part of the wreck, where they passed the night; and a signal which they made being discovered next day from Hillberry Island, a boat went off, though at a great risk, and took up the survivors. The unfortunate men had remained twenty-three hours on the wreck; and of fourteen, the original number, eleven were still alive, all of whom in the end recovered. Of the three that perished, one was the master of the vessel; another was a passenger who had been a master, but had lost or sold his ship in America; the third was the cook. The bodies of these unfortunate persons were also brought off by the men from Hillberry Island, and were afterwards interred in Saint Nicholas church-yard, amidst a great crowd of spectators. The cook, who was a weakly man, died a few hours before the boat reached the wreck, but the two masters had been long dead, and this added to the sympathy for their loss, a curiosity to inquire into its circumstances and causes. When the following particulars came to be known, this curiosity was increased. Both the masters were strong and healthy men, and one of them a native of Scotland, in the flower of life, early inured to cold and hardships, and very vigorous both in body and mind. On the other hand, several of the survivors were by no means strong men, most of them were natives of the warm climate of Carolina, and what was singular enough, the person among the whole who seemed to have suffered least was a negro.

Comparative Study Between Two Swarm Intelligence Automatic Text Summaries

2018 ◽  
pp. 276-302
Author(s):  
Mohamed Amine Boudia
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Swarm Intelligence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Simple Majority ◽  
Social Bees ◽  
The Third ◽  
Automatic Text ◽  
Previous Step

This chapter is a comparative study between two bio-inspired approach based on the swarm intelligence for automatic text summaries: Social Spiders and Social Bees. The authors use two techniques of extraction, one after the other: scoring of phrases and similarity that aims to eliminate redundant phrases without losing the theme of the text. While the optimization uses the bio-inspired approach to perform the results of the previous step, the objective function of the optimization is to maximize the sum of similarity between phrases of the candidate summary in order to keep the theme of the text and minimize the sum of scores in order to increase the summarization rate. This optimization will also give a candidate's summary where the order of the phrases changes compared to the original text. For the third and final step concerning choosing a best summary from all candidate summaries generated by optimization layer, the authors opted for the technique of voting with a simple majority.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Using Students Team Achievement Division (STAD) and Three Minutes Review (TMR) Strategies in Teaching Questions

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Endah Fauziningrum
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Teaching Strategy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Third ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean

The objective of this research was to find out the effectiveness of using STAD and TMR strategies to teach questions to the third grade of elementary school students. The data of the research were taken in Sompok state elementary school 03 and 04. The research design used was factorial design. It means that the writer had two groups, one was taught by using STAD strategy and the other was taught by using TMR strategy. STAD and TMR strategies had two sub-divisions, students who take English courses and students who do not take English courses. The number of the research sample for each cell was 12 students. There were four time lesson of periods for STAD and TMR classes. To investigate the effectiveness of using STAD and TMR strategies, the writer used F-test formula. The results were: 1) STAD was effective to teach question to students who take English courses. It was showed from the pre-test (10.83) and the post-test (12.75). 2) STAD was effective to teach question to students who do not take English courses. It was shown on the mean of pre-test (8.58) and the post-test (11.25). 3) TMR was effective to teach question to students who take English courses. It was shown on the mean of pre-test (10.67) and the post-test (11.50).  4) TMR was effective to teach question to students who do not take English courses. It was shown on the mean of pre-test (9.83) and post-test (10.42). There was not any interaction between the students who take English courses and who do not and and who were taught by using STAD and TMR atrategies.it showed from the ANOVA result. The result was the interaction between strategies and taking courses variables showed 0.325 with sig 0.571. Since, sig 0.571 > 0.05, then the interaction between strategies and taking courses variables do not effect the students achievement. Keywords:  Comparison; Third Grade Elementary School Students; STAD Strategy; TMR Strategy;the Effectiveness of Using Teaching Strategy 

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Using Students Team Achievement Division (STAD) and Three Minutes Review (TMR) Strategies in Teaching Questions

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-54
Author(s):  
Endah Fauziningrum
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Teaching Strategy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Third ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean

The objective of this research was to find out the effectiveness of using STAD and TMR strategies to teach questions to the third grade of elementary school students. The data of the research were taken in Sompok state elementary school 03 and 04. The research design used was factorial design. It means that the writer had two groups, one was taught by using STAD strategy and the other was taught by using TMR strategy. STAD and TMR strategies had two sub-divisions, students who take English courses and students who do not take English courses. The number of the research sample for each cell was 12 students. There were four time lesson of periods for STAD and TMR classes. To investigate the effectiveness of using STAD and TMR strategies, the writer used F-test formula. The results were: 1) STAD was effective to teach question to students who take English courses. It was showed from the pre-test (10.83) and the post-test (12.75). 2) STAD was effective to teach question to students who do not take English courses. It was shown on the mean of pre-test (8.58) and the post-test (11.25). 3) TMR was effective to teach question to students who take English courses. It was shown on the mean of pre-test (10.67) and the post-test (11.50).  4) TMR was effective to teach question to students who do not take English courses. It was shown on the mean of pre-test (9.83) and post-test (10.42). There was not any interaction between the students who take English courses and who do not and and who were taught by using STAD and TMR atrategies.it showed from the ANOVA result. The result was the interaction between strategies and taking courses variables showed 0.325 with sig 0.571. Since, sig 0.571 0.05, then the interaction between strategies and taking courses variables do not effect the students achievement. Keywords:  Comparison; Third Grade Elementary School Students; STAD Strategy; TMR Strategy;the Effectiveness of Using Teaching Strategy 

Importance of muscle phosphocreatine during intermittent maximal cycling

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 1574-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Trump ◽  
G. J. Heigenhauser ◽  
C. T. Putman ◽  
L. L. Spriet
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
The Third ◽  
Glycolytic Intermediates ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

To examine the importance of phosphocreatine (PCr) degradation in maintaining power output during maximal intermittent cycling, seven healthy men completed three bouts of isokinetic cycling (30 s, 100 revolutions/min) with 4 min of rest between bouts. After bout 2, blood flow to one leg was occluded by cuffing the thigh (Cuff) during the rest period to prevent PCr resynthesis while the circulation to the other leg was intact (Cont). The cuff was then removed and bout 3 completed. Muscle biopsies were sampled from the vastus lateralis of both legs just before and immediately after bout 3. Total work produced by the Cuff and Cont legs was similar during bouts 1 (9.3 +/- 0.5 and 9.6 +/- 0.5 kJ, respectively) and 2 (8.1 +/- 0.4 and 8.3 +/- kJ, respectively). Cuffing prevented the resynthesis of PCr because pre-bout 3 contents were 20.7 +/- 8.4 and 63.0 +/- 3.3 mmol/kg dry muscle in the Cuff and Cont legs, respectively. Cuffing also resulted in significantly higher muscle levels of lactate, H+ concentration (287 +/- 26 vs. 217 +/- 15 nM), ADP, AMP, and acetyl-CoA before bout 3 but had no effect on other glycolytic intermediates, ATP, or acetylcarnitine. Total work in bout 3 was significantly reduced by 15% in the Cuff leg (5.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 6.8 +/- 0.6 kJ). PCr degradation during bout 3 was 3.1 and 47.5 mmol/kg dry muscle in the Cuff and Cont legs, respectively, and lactate accumulation was minimal in both legs. Changes in all other metabolites during bout 3 were not different between legs. The results suggest that PCr contributed approximately 15% of the total ATP provision during the third 30-s bout of maximal isokinetic cycling and that most of the ATP was provided during the initial 15 s. Muscle glycogenolysis contributed minimally to ATP provision (approximately 10-15%) during the third 30-s bout, suggesting that aerobic metabolism becomes the dominant source of ATP during this model of repeated sprinting.

Comparative Study of Proactivators of the Fibrinolysin System in Three Mammalian Species

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 594-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Takada ◽  
A Takada ◽  
J. L Ambrus
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rabbit Plasma ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
Fibrin Plate

SummarySephadex gel filtration of human plasma gave results suggesting the presence of two proactivators of plasminogen, termed proactivators A and B.Activity resembling that of proactivator A was found in rabbit plasma, but not in guinea pig plasma.Plasminogen activators produced by the interaction of proactivator A of human plasma with streptokinase had no caseinolytic or TAMe esterolytic effect.Proactivator A can be separated in a form apparently free from plasminogen, as shown by the heated fibrin plate test and by immunological analysis. On the other hand, proactivator B concentrates prepared so far are contamined with plasminogen.Human proactivators appear to be far more susceptible to streptokinase than are rabbit proactivators.Inhibitors of the fibrinolysin system were observed in the plasmas of all 3 species. These inhibitors are not present in the euglobulin fraction of plasma. Sephadex fractionation of euglobulin fractions results in proactivator preparations that do not contain inhibitors.

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