scholarly journals III. Experimental researches in electricity.—Twenty-first series

1846 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 41-62 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Platinum Wire ◽  
Iron Wire ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Usual Property ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
Striking Contrast

2343. The magnetic characters of iron, nickel and cobalt, are well known; and also the fact that at certain temperatures they lose their usual property and become, to ordinary test and observation, non-magnetic; then entering into the list of diamagnetic bodies and acting in like manner with them. Closer investigation, however, has shown me that they are still very different to other bodies, and that though inactive when hot, on common magnets or to common tests, they are not so absolutely, but retain a certain amount of magnetic power whatever their temperature; and also that this power is the same in character with that which they ordinarily possess. 2344. A piece of iron wire, about one inch long and 0·05 of an inch in diameter, being thoroughly cleaned, was suspended at the middle by a fine platinum wire connected with the suspending thread (2249.) so as to swing between the poles of the electro-magnet. The heat of a spirit-lamp was applied to it, and it soon acquired a temperature which rendered it quite insensible to the presence of a good ordinary magnet, however closely it was approached to the heated iron. The temperature of the iron was then raised considerably higher by adjustment of the flame, and the electro-magnet thrown into action. Immediately the hot iron became magnetic and pointed between the poles. The power was feeble, and in this respect the state of the iron was in striking contrast with that which it had when cold; but in character the force was precisely the same.

III. Experimental researches in electricity. ─Twenty-fifth series

1851 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 29-84 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Central Line ◽  
General View ◽  
Axial Line ◽  
Electric Induction ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
As If

2797. The remarkable results given in a former series of these researches (2757. &c.) respecting the powerful tendency of certain gaseous substances to proceed either to or from the central line of magnetic force, according to their relation to other substances present at the same time, and yet the absence of all condensation or expansion of these bodies (2756.) which might be supposed to be consequent on such an amount of attractive or repulsive force as would be thought needful to produce this tendency and determination to particular places, have, upon consideration, led me to the idea, that if bodies possess different degrees of conducting power for magnetism, that difference may account for all the phenomena; and, further, that if such an idea be considered, it may assist in developing the nature of magnetic force. I shall therefore venture to think and speak freely on this matter for a while, for the purpose of drawing others into a consideration of the subject; though I run the risk, in doing so, of falling into error through imperfect experiments and reasoning. As yet, however, I only state the case hypothetically, and use the phrase conducting power as a general expression of the capability which bodies may possess of affecting the transmission of magnetic force; implying nothing as to how the process of conduction is carried on. Thus limited in sense, the phrase may be very useful, enabling us to take, for a time, a connected, consistent and general view of a large class of phenomena; may serve as a standard of meaning amongst them, and yet need not necessarily involve any error, inasmuch as whatever may be the principles and condition of conduction, the phenomena dependent on it must consist among themselves. 2798. If a medium having a certain conducting power occupy the magnetic field, and then a portion of another medium or substance be placed in the field having a greater conducting power, the latter will tend to draw up towards the place of greatest force, displacing the former. Such at least is the case with bodies that are freely magnetic, as iron, nickel, cobalt and their combinations (2357. 2363. 2367. &c.), and such a result is in analogy with the phenomena produced by electric induction. If a portion of still higher conducting power be brought into play, it will approach the axial line and displace that which had just gone there; so that a body having a certain amount of conducting power, will appear as if attracted in a medium of weaker power, and as if repelled in a medium of stronger power by this differential kind of action (2367. 2414.).

scholarly journals III. On the function of the sides of the vessel in maintaining the state of supersaturation

1878 ◽  
Vol 27 (185-189) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Consistent Theory ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Saline Solutions ◽  
Experimental Researches

Before any consistent theory can be framed of all the phenomena of supersaturated saline solutions, it is necessary to determine whether the sides of the vessel bear any, and what part, in maintaining the state of supersaturation. It is remarkable that among the multitude of memoirs and papers that have been published on the subject of supersaturation generally, and of special phenomena in particular, my reading should not have made me acquainted with any special experimental researches conducted with the view of determining the point in question.

scholarly journals VII. Experimental researches in electricity.-Twenty-third Series

1850 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 171-188 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Proof ◽  
Philosophical Paper ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
The One ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Four years ago I suggested that all the phenomena presented by diamagnetic bodies, when subjected to the forces in the magnetic field, might be accounted for by assuming that they then possessed a polarity the same in kind as, but the reverse in direction of, that acquired by iron, nickel and ordinary magnetic bodies under the same circumstances (2429. 2430.). This view was received so favourably by Plücker, Reich and others, and above all by W. Weber, that I had great hopes it would be confirmed; and though certain experiments of my own (2497.) did not increase that hope, still my desire and expectation were in that direction. Whether bismuth, copper, phosphorus, &c., when in the magnetic field, are polar or not, is however an exceedingly important question; and very essential and great differences, in the mode of action of these bodies under the one view or the other, must be conceived to exist. I found that in every endeavour to proceed by induction of experiment from that which is known in this department of science to the unknown, so much uncertainty, hesitation and discomfort arose from the unsettled state of my mind on this point, that I determined, if possible, to arrive at some experimental proof either one way or the other. This was the more needful, because of the conclusion in the affirmative to which Weber had come in his very philosophical paper; and so important do I think it for the progress of science, that, in those imperfectly developed regions of knowledge, which form its boundaries, our conclusions and deductions should not go far beyond, or at all events not aside from the results of experiment (except as suppositions), that I do not hesitate to lay my present labours, though they arrive at a negative result, before the Royal Society.

Aspects of Burnishing Rolling Process of the Surface Prepared in Different Previous Treatments

2016 ◽  
Vol 862 ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kułakowska ◽  
Marcin Kulakowski ◽  
Łukasz Bohdal ◽  
Radoslaw Patyk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Surface Microstructure ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
Experimental Researches

The aim of this article is to demonstrate the possibility of using burnishing rolling process as the technology of product development. The experimental researches were carried out, showing the ability to form the surface layer of the product with the desired properties. First, during different previous treatment the surfaces of the samples were prepared. Then these surfaces were burnished with constant burnishing parameters. The influence of different previous treatment on the state of the surface layer parameters are shown. Among the examined aspects is considered: surface roughness, nanoroughness, material bearing, surface microstructure, metallographic.

scholarly journals Approach formation for the development of compounding preparation monographs

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
O. A. Zdoryk ◽  
V. А. Georgiyants ◽  
O. I. Gryzodub
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
The State ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
National University ◽  
Requirements Quality ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
Selection Of

Questions of standardization of compounding preparations are quite relevant both in Ukraine and abroad. Today the general monograph «5.N.1. Extemporaneous preparations» of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine is revised by the staff of the Ukrainian scientific pharmacopoeial center for quality of medicines and the National University of Pharmacy, also the additional articles for compounding preparations are developed. The aim of this work is substantiation of the structure and format of the compounding preparation monographs for introduction to the national part of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. The researches were performed using data of the world pharmacopoeias and national formularies, as well as the experience of standardization of compounding preparations in Ukraine and the USSR. In the study, general statements for the development of compounding preparations monographs were formed and its structure was discussed. The requirements and examples are described for each item of the monograph. For monographs of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine such structure were offered: name, composition, lists the acceptable range of labeled amount of main ingredient, technology of preparation, reference for the general monographs, properties, identification, tests, assay, expiration date, labeling, storage, references to the regulatory documents, and indications. For systematization of the monographs’ development procedure the work order was composed. The procedure of monographs development includes selection of the object, study of literature data, and study of the basic stages of the compounding process, evaluation of quality control methods, experimental researches, and conclusion about conformity with the requirements, quality control method validation protocols, stability studies, and development of the monograph’s draft. As the result of research the structure, format, stages and order of the development of compounding preparations’ monographs for introduction to the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine were proposed.

scholarly journals XIV. Experimental Researches on the Production of Silicon from Paracyanogen

1844 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-246
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Experimental Researches

In a Memoir on the Preparation of Paracyanogen submitted to the Royal Society some weeks ago, I laid down the proposition, that two equal and similar molecules may enter into the state of chemical union, the combination produced being indissoluble by every known agent of analysis; and I endeavoured to establish this proposition partly on certain abstract physical considerations, and partly by a series of experiments on the production of paracyanogen by the decomposition of the bicyanide of mercury under pressure and at high temperatures.

scholarly journals Економічна ефективність застосування способів основного обробітку ґрунту в технології вирощування соняшнику

2016 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
В. О. Компанієць ◽  
А. О. Кулик ◽  
А. В. Кохан
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Experimental Researches

Здійснено економічну оцінку результатів експериментальних досліджень з визначення ефективності застосування різних способів основного обробітку ґрунту в технології вирощування соняшнику в ґрунтово-кліматичних умовах Північного Степу України. Дослідження проводилися на базі Державного підприємства Дослідного господарства «Дніпро» ДУ Інституту зернових культур НААН. За результатами комплексної оцінки сформульовано рекомендації щодо підвищення врожайності та рентабельності виробництва насіння соняшнику на основі застосування найбільш ефективних способів основного обробітку ґрунту. The economic evaluation of results of experimental researches on determination of efficiency of different methods of basic soil tillage in technology of sunflower growing in soil and climatic conditions of northern Steppe of Ukraine was made. The researches were conducted on the basis of the State enterprise of experimental farm «Dnipro» of Institute of cereals cultures NAAS. According to results of comprehensive evaluation we formulated recommendations for improving productivity and profitability of production of sunflower seeds on the basis of the most effective methods of basic tillage.

Experimental determination of the laws of magneto-electric induction in different masses of the same metal, and of its intensity in different metals

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 177-178
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Iron Wire ◽  
Electric Excitation ◽  
Electric Induction ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Researches

The reading of Mr. Christie’s paper was resumed and concluded. Mr. Faraday, in his valuable papers entitled “Experimental Researches in Electricity,” has advanced the proposition, that “when metals of different kinds are equally subject, in every circumstance, to magneto-electric induction, they exhibit exactly equal powers with respect to the currents which either are formed or tend to form in them;” and “that the same is probably the case in all other substances.” The author not being satisfied with the conclusiveness of the experiments adduced in support of this proposition,— in order to determine its correctness, subjected different metals directly to the same degree of magneto-electric excitation, in such a manner, that the currents excited in them should be in opposite directions (as was the case in Mr. Faraday’s experiment), and also that these opposing currents should have the same facility of transmission; so that the difference of their intensities, if any existed, might admit of measurement. He then minutely describes the apparatus he contrived with this view, and which consisted of helices of copper and of iron wire, covered with silk, each making sixty-five turns, but in opposite directions, and crossing each other alternately, and surrounding a cylinder of soft iron, which was rendered magnetic by the application of the large magnet belonging to the Royal Society, which the Council had placed at his disposal while engaged in these researches. The result of the experiment showed that the force of the currents from the copper helix considerably exceeded that from the iron helix, and appeared to be even more than double. By a modification of the apparatus, he found that the intensities of the currents in the two wires were very accurately proportional to their conducting powers; and hence the uniformity of the results obtained by Mr. Faraday is easily explicable.

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