scholarly journals VII. Magnetical observations in the Britannia and Conway tubular iron bridges

1873 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 331-339
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
Malleable Iron ◽  
Magnetic Action ◽  
Scrap Iron ◽  
Passing Train ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Magnetic Needle

It occurred to me some time since that it would be matter of interest to examine the character of the magnetic action of the iron in the Britannia and Conway Tubular Iron Bridges upon a magnetic needle within the tube. This was suggested to me by consideration, not so much of the mass and extent of the iron structure (although both, in the Britannia Bridge, are very great) as of the peculiar state of tremor to which the iron is continually subjected. After remarking, when within the tube of the Britannia Bridge, the disturbance of the iron produced by a passing train, my hand being firmly pressed against the iron wall, I described tot he late Robert Stephenson my impression that the particles of the metal were in a state of "molecular shiver," and he replied that those words exactly represented his own idea on the agitation of the iron. All experiments appear to show that iron, in this state of tremor, is peculiarly subject to the inductive action of external magnetic force. When to this is added the consideration that the tubes have been unmoved in position, and that they have been subjected to this disturbance many times every day since their erection, it seems reasonable to conclude that they will exhibit the greatest amount of induced magnetism which it is possible for malleable iron to receive. I know not how far this susceptibility to mag­netic action may depend on the quality of the iron; but I think it proper to state, on the authority of Mr. Edwin Clark, that the iron was made chiefly in Staffordshire and Coalbrookdale, a smaller portion in Derbyshire, and that it was the ordinary "best-best” plates of the day, and intended to be scrap-iron throughout. My friend Mr. James Carpenter (then Assistant in the Royal Observatory) entered warmly into my views, and at my request undertook the conduct of the requisite observations; and I detached him for a few days (at my own pecuniary expense) from his duties at the Royal Observatory. Captain G. L. Tupman, R. M. A., who was at the time preparing himself in the use of instruments for observation of the Transit of Venus, gave his friendly assistance; and I am confident that the work undertaken by these gentlemen was executed with the greatest care and accuracy throughout.

XV. On the relation between the diurnal range of magnetic declination and horizontal force, as observed at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, during the years 1841 to 1877, and the period of solar spot frequency

1880 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 541-560 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Magnetic Declination ◽  
Magnetic Elements ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
Diurnal Range ◽  
Magnetic Action ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Diurnal Period

The equipment of the Magnetical and Meteorological Department of the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, established and organised by the present Astronomer Royal, Sir George B. Airy, K. C. B., was generally complete at the latter part of the year 1840, since which time observations have been continuously made. Until the end of the year 1847 these consisted of eye readings of the various instruments, taken at intervals of two hours. But Mr. Charles Brooke having at this time arranged a practical system of photographic registration, continuous records of the indications of the instruments have been, since the beginning of the year 1848, by this means obtained. These records form a sure basis on which to found any magnetic inquiry. The magnetic elements which have been the subject of observation are, firstly, absolute determinations of magnetic declination, of the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic force, and of magnetic dip or inclination; and, secondly, the continuous variations to which the declination and the horizontal and vertical components of the earth’s force are subject. The absolute measures are important in combination with similar measures made at other places for determination of the general magnetic condition of the earth, and of the slow changes occurring therein. But the smaller variations of shorter period, as observed at any one place, also throw great light on the general laws and phenomena of magnetic action. Thus the variations of declination, and of the horizontal and vertical components of the magnetic force, each include a well-marked diurnal period, analogous in some degree to that of atmospheric temperature; and, speaking generally, the range of the diurnal variation at Greenwich is, in each case, greater in summer than in winter. In addition, however, to the annual inequality in the magnetic diurnal range there appears to be yet another, also of marked character but of longer period, one which resembles in its features the apparently well established eleven year sun-spot period, and which it is the object of the present paper to evolve.

Lesson Study dan Implikasinya Terhadap Pembelajaran Berbasis Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Vian Harsution
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Lesson Study ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Democratic Leadership ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
To Receive

Lesson study is a systematic, collaborative, and sustainable method of improving the quality of learning. Lesson study emphasizes the exploration of students’ learning needs; teacher openness towards learning difficulties encountered; the willingness of teachers to receive and provide advice and solutions to the difficulties encountered; and the consistency of the various parties to follow up the suggestions and solutions. Implementation of lesson study involving teachers, principals, and experts in the field of education. Kurikulum tingkat satuan pendidikan or abbreviated KTSP is operational curriculum formulated and implemented by each educational unit. KTSP has the characteristics, namely: giving broad autonomy to the educational unit, involving the community and parent participation, involving the democratic leadership of the principal, and require the support of a working team that is synergistic and transparent. KTSP based on the learning process, needs to be supported by a conducive learning environment and fun to be created by teachers.Teachers and principals in a professional, systematic and collaborative create an atmosphere that fosters independence, tenacity, entrepreneurial spirit, adaptive and proactive nature of the learning process. Thus, the learning needs of students who fulfilled optimally and professional ability of teacher who have increased on an ongoing basis, may usher in success – based learning KTSP. It means that the lesson study provides positive implications for the KTSP – based learning.

The Microbial Quality of a Wetland Reclamation Facility Used to Produce an Effluent for Unrestricted non-Potable Reuse

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Fujioka ◽  
A. J. Bonilla ◽  
G. K. Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Wetland Reclamation ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Influent Water ◽  
Human Viruses ◽  
To Receive

An auxiliary Wetland Reclamation Facility (WRF) was constructed to receive stabilization pond treated sewage and further treat it with water hyacinth ponds, chemical flocculation, filtration and ultraviolet light disinfection. This was the first facility in Hawaii which was approved to produce the highest quality reclaimed water using alternative treatment schemes. We assessed the effectiveness of the WRF by monitoring water samples after each of the WRF treatment schemes for five genetically different groups of sewage borne microorganisms (fecal coliform, enterococci, C. perfringens, FRNA phage, total heterotrophic bacteria). The concentrations of all fecal indicator microoganisms, especially FRNA phase were low in the influent water to the WRF indicating that extended pond treatment may be especially effective in removing human viruses from sewage. The WRF treatment scheme was calculated to be able to reduce >99.99% of fecal coliform and therefore was able to produce an effluent meeting the non-potable, unrestricted reuse standard of a geometric means of <1 fecal coliform/100 ml.

Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Mitomycin, Cisplatin, and Protracted Venous-Infusion Fluorouracil (PVI 5-FU) With Epirubicin, Cisplatin, and PVI 5-FU in Advanced Esophagogastric Cancer

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1996-2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ross ◽  
M. Nicolson ◽  
D. Cunningham ◽  
J. Valle ◽  
M. Seymour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Study ◽  
Squamous Carcinoma ◽  
Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Palmar Erythema ◽  
Esophagogastric Cancer ◽  
Equivalent Efficacy ◽  
Venous Infusion ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
To Receive

PURPOSE: We report the results of a prospectively randomized study that compared the combination of epirubicin, cisplatin, and protracted venous-infusion fluorouracil (PVI 5-FU) (ECF) with the combination of mitomycin, cisplatin, and PVI 5-FU (MCF) in previously untreated patients with advanced esophagogastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five hundred eighty patients with adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma, or undifferentiated carcinoma were randomized to receive either ECF (epirubicin 50 mg/m2 every 3 weeks, cisplatin 60 mg/m2 every 3 weeks and PVI 5-FU 200 mg/m2/d) or MCF (mitomycin 7 mg/m2 every 6 weeks, cisplatin 60 mg/m2 every 3 weeks, and PVI 5-FU 300 mg/m2/d) and analyzed for survival, response, toxicity, and quality of life (QOL). RESULTS: The overall response rate was 42.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37% to 48%) with ECF and 44.1% (95% CI, 38% to 50%) with MCF (P = .692). Toxicity was tolerable, and there were only two toxic deaths. ECF resulted in more grade 3/4 neutropenia and grade 2 alopecia, but MCF caused more thrombocytopenia and plantar-palmar erythema. Median survival was 9.4 months with ECF and 8.7 months with MCF (P = .315); at 1 year, 40.2% (95% CI, 34% to 46%) of ECF and 32.7% (95% CI, 27% to 38%) of MCF patients were alive. Median failure-free survival was 7 months with both regimens. Global QOL scores were better with ECF at 3 and 6 months. CONCLUSION: This study confirms response, survival, and QOL benefits of ECF observed in a previous randomized study. The equivalent efficacy of MCF was demonstrated, but QOL was superior with ECF. ECF remains one of the reference treatments for advanced esophagogastric cancer.

Comparison of two high doses of subcutaneous buprenorphine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 504-514
Author(s):  
Rosa Leedham ◽  
Kate L White ◽  
David Yates ◽  
Lauren Brown
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Rescue Analgesia ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Blinded Observer ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia ◽  
To Receive

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the analgesia and recovery effects of two doses (0.12 mg/kg and 0.24 mg/kg) of subcutaneous buprenorphine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Methods: This was an assessor-blinded, randomised, clinical study. A total of 83 cats were recruited and randomly allocated to receive 0.12 mg/kg buprenorphine or 0.24 mg/kg buprenorphine subcutaneously, followed 30 minutes later by 40 μg/kg medetomidine intramuscularly. Anaesthesia was induced with intravenous alfaxalone to effect and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. All cats received meloxicam before surgery. Temperament score, quality of sedation, induction of anaesthesia, dose of alfaxalone and recovery were scored using simple descriptive scales. Atipamazole was administered following surgery. Physiological variables during anaesthesia were recorded. Cats were assessed postoperatively by the same blinded observer at 2, 4 and 24 hours using a modified Colorado Feline Acute Pain scale. The presence or absence of mydriasis was noted. Results: No significant differences were identified between groups. Three cats in the 0.12 mg/kg group and four in the 0.24 mg/kg group required rescue analgesia. Mydriasis persisting for at least 24 hours was evident in 75 cats. Conclusions and relevance: No differences in analgesia were detected between groups with these protocols; mydriasis was common in both groups.

Pseudo-Parkinson Disease Secondary to Ritonavir–Buspirone Interaction

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick G Clay ◽  
Molly M Adams
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Resting Tremor ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drug Drug Interaction ◽  
To Receive

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of Parkinson-like symptoms appearing in a patient after introduction of ritonavir to buspirone therapy. CASE SUMMARY: A 54-year-old HIV-positive white man presented to the clinic with a 2-week history of ataxia, shuffling gait, cogwheel rigidity, resting tremor, and sad affect with masked features. This patient had been receiving high-dose buspirone (40 mg every morning and 30 mg every evening) for 2 years prior to the introduction of ritonavir/indinavir combination therapy (400 mg/400 mg twice daily) 6 weeks prior to initiation of the above symptoms. Buspirone was decreased to 15 mg 3 times daily, ritonavir/indinavir was discontinued, and amprenavir 1200 mg twice daily was added. The patient's symptoms began to subside after 1 week, with complete resolution after about 2 weeks. The patient continued to receive buspirone for an additional 12 months without recurrence of symptoms. DISCUSSION: This is the first reported interaction of buspirone and antiretrovirals. Buspirone, extensively metabolized by CYP3A4, was likely at supratherapeutic levels due to the inhibitory effect of ritonavir and, secondarily, indinavir. The Parkinson-like symptoms developed rapidly and severely, impacted this patient's quality of life, and necessitated significant clinic expenditures to identify this drug–drug interaction. CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates a severe drug–drug interaction between buspirone and ritonavir and further demonstrates the need for awareness of the metabolic profile for all agents an HIV-infected patient is receiving.

scholarly journals Report of magnetic experiments tried on board an iron steam-vessel, by order of the Right Hon. the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 378-380
Keyword(s):  
Malleable Iron ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
Magnetic Needle

This report commences with a description of the iron steam-vessel, the “Garryowen,” belonging to the City of Dublin Steam Packet Company, and built by the Messrs. Laird, of Liverpool. She is constructed of malleable iron, is 281 tons burthen, and draws only 5 1/4 feet water, although the weight of iron in the hull, machinery, &c. is 180 tons. This vessel was placed under the directions of the author, in Tarbert Bay, on the Shannon, on the 19th of October, 1835, for the purpose of investigating its local attractions on the compass. The methods which were adopted with that view are given ; together with tables of the results of the several experiments, and plans of the various parts of the Garryowen. The horizontal deflections of the magnetic needle at different situations in the vessel were observed, for the purpose of ascertaining the most advantageous place for a steering compass, and also for the application of Professor Barlow’s correcting plate : and the dip and intensity in these situations were, at the same time, noted.

scholarly journals PARE0023 ORAL HEALTH IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: LISTENING TO PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1297.2-1297
Author(s):  
J. Protudjer ◽  
C. Billedeau ◽  
C. Stavropoulou ◽  
A. Cholakis ◽  
R. Schroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Oral Health Education ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Latent Content

Background:Rates of periodontal disease and tooth loss are increased in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Periodontal disease may exacerbate RA inflammation and complicate RA care. Understanding factors that contribute to the increased burden of periodontal disease in RA is critical to improving oral health and possibly arthritis outcomes. People with RA may have unique needs and/or barriers to maintain oral health.Objectives:To determine from people with RA what are their experiences and perceptions about their oral health, their most important questions relating to oral health, and how they wish to receive oral health information.Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with RA patients. Recorded interview transcripts underwent iterative content analysis. Transcripts were initially reviewed to develop a coding guide. Latent content, or larger themes, were then applied to the transcripts. Constructs were considered saturated when no new themes were identified with subsequent interviews. We report identified themes with representative quotes.Results:Interviews with 11 RA (10[91%] female; all on RA medication) averaged 19 minutes (range 8-31 minutes) and were mostly conducted face-to-face. Many believed RA medication contributed to dry mouth. Most participants had not previously considered other links between oral health and RA. Themes identified included the need for complicated oral health routines, barriers of cost and access to dental care, and shame relating to oral health (Table 1). Participants preferred to receive oral health education from their rheumatologists or dentists over printed or online resources.Conclusion:RA patients have unique needs relating to oral health and report poor oral quality of life. Strategies to optimize oral health in RA may include educational tools for optimizing oral self-care appropriate for RA, and improved access to oral care professionals who are aware of the needs of arthritis patients.Disclosure of Interests:Jennifer Protudjer: None declared, Corrie Billedeau: None declared, Chrysi Stavropoulou: None declared, Anastasia Cholakis: None declared, Robert Schroth: None declared, Carol Hitchon Grant/research support from: UCB Canada; Pfizer Canada

scholarly journals Genetic Algorithm for the Retailers’ Shelf Space Allocation Profit Maximization Problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6401
Author(s):  
Kateryna Czerniachowska ◽  
Karina Sachpazidu-Wójcicka ◽  
Piotr Sulikowski ◽  
Marcin Hernes ◽  
Artur Rot
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Allocation Rule ◽  
Maximization Problem ◽  
Shelf Space ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Space Allocation ◽  
Shelf Space Allocation ◽  
To Receive

This paper discusses the problem of retailers’ profit maximization regarding displaying products on the planogram shelves, which may have different dimensions in each store but allocate the same product sets. We develop a mathematical model and a genetic algorithm for solving the shelf space allocation problem with the criteria of retailers’ profit maximization. The implemented program executes in a reasonable time. The quality of the genetic algorithm has been evaluated using the CPLEX solver. We determine four groups of constraints for the products that should be allocated on a shelf: shelf constraints, shelf type constraints, product constraints, and virtual segment constraints. The validity of the developed genetic algorithm has been checked on 25 retailing test cases. Computational results prove that the proposed approach allows for obtaining efficient results in short running time, and the developed complex shelf space allocation model, which considers multiple attributes of a shelf, segment, and product, as well as product capping and nesting allocation rule, is of high practical relevance. The proposed approach allows retailers to receive higher store profits with regard to the actual merchandising rules.

Sedative effects of alfaxalone and hydromorphone with or without midazolam in cats: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2199615
Author(s):  
Emily P Wheeler ◽  
Amanda L Abelson ◽  
Jane C Lindsey ◽  
Lois A Wetmore
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Time Correlation ◽  
Catheter Placement ◽  
Blinded Study ◽  
Sedative Effects ◽  
Sedation Scores ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
To Receive

Objectives The aim of this pilot study was to compare the quality of sedation and ease of intravenous (IV) catheter placement following sedation using two intramuscular (IM) sedation protocols in cats: hydromorphone, alfaxalone and midazolam vs hydromorphone and alfaxalone. Methods This was a prospective, randomized and blinded study. Cats were randomly assigned to receive an IM injection of hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg), alfaxalone (1.5 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.2 mg/kg; HAM group), or hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg) and alfaxalone (1.5 mg/kg; HA group). Sedation scoring (0–9, where 9 indicated maximum sedation) was performed at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mins from the time of injection. At 20 mins, an IV catheter placement score (0–10, where 10 indicated least resistance) was performed. Results Twenty-one client-owned adult cats were included in this study. Sedation and IV catheter placement scores were compared between groups using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Peak sedation was significantly higher ( P = 0.002) in the HAM group (median 9; range 7–9) than in the HA group (median 7; range 3–9), and IV catheter placement scores were significantly higher ( P = 0.001) in the HAM group (median 9.5; range 7–10) compared with the HA group (median 7; range 4–9). Spearman correlations were calculated between IV catheter placement score and sedation scores. There was a significant positive correlation of average sedation over time (correlation 0.83; P <0.001) and sedation at 20 mins (correlation 0.76; P <0.001) with a higher, more favorable IV catheter placement score. Conclusions and relevance These preliminary results suggest that the addition of midazolam to IM alfaxalone and hydromorphone produced more profound sedation and greater ease of IV catheter placement than IM alfaxalone and hydromorphone alone.

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