scholarly journals A novel cypovirus found in a betabaculovirus co-infection context contains a poxvirus immune nuclease (poxin)-related gene

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-675
Author(s):  
Leonardo A. da Silva ◽  
Daniel M. P. Ardisson-Araújo ◽  
Brenda R. de Camargo ◽  
Marlinda Lobo de Souza ◽  
Bergmann M. Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Hypothetical Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Illumina Deep Sequencing ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Cassava Hornworm ◽  
Erinnyis Ello

The cassava hornworm Erinnyis ello ello (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) is an important pest in Brazil. This insect feeds on host plants of several species, especially Manihot esculenta (cassava) and Hevia brasiliensis (rubber tree). Cassava hornworm outbreaks are quite common in Brazil and can cause great impact over crop production. Granulare and polyhedral-shaped occlusion bodies (OBs) were observed in extracts of dead E. ello larvae from rubber-tree plantations by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), suggesting a mixed infection. The polyhedral-shaped OB surface revealed indentations that resemble those found in cypovirus polyhedra. After OB nucleic acid extraction followed by cDNA production and Illumina deep-sequencing analysis, the results confirmed for the presence of a putative novel cypovirus that carries ten segments and also a betabaculovirus (Erinnyis ello granulovirus, ErelGV). Phylogenetic analysis of the predicted segment 1-enconded RdRP showed that the new cypovirus isolate is closely related to a member of species Cypovirus 2, which was isolated from Inachis io (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Therefore, we named this new isolate Erinnyis ello cypovirus 2 (ErelCPV-2). Genome in silico analyses showed that ErelCPV-2 segment 8 (S8) has a predicted amino acid identity of 35.82 % to a hypothetical protein of betabaculoviruses. This putative protein has a cGAMP-specific nuclease domain related to the poxvirus immune nucleases (poxins) from the 2′,3′-cGAMP-degrading enzyme family.

Pesticide Use Practices by Market Gardeners in the Santa Area of the North West Region of Cameroon

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
A. N. Abdulai ◽  
C. N. Konje ◽  
Tange Denis Achiri ◽  
D. N. Tarla ◽  
D. Nsobinenyui
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
North West ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
The North ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Chi Square Test

Aims: This work aimed at establishing the different Garden crop pests and how farmers use different pesticides to manage these pests. Place and duration of the Work: This work was carried out in Santa from January to March 2013 Methodology: The methodology involved the use of structured questionnaires which were administered to 120 farmers to obtain information on demographics, constraints to successful crop production, general farm system and agronomic practices, knowledge of insect pest problems, types of pesticides used, dosage and rate of application, and different pests crops suffered from. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results: The study indicates that majority of market gardeners in Santa community are males (70%) with ages from 30-39 and most of them are married (76%). Famers worked with relied on pesticides for pest control and did not dispose of empty pesticide containers properly such as throwing on the farm; use as drinking bowls and returned it to the pesticide vendors. Conclusion: This study provides valuable information on the pesticides used in pests and diseases control in vegetable production and health symptoms like stomach disorders, burns, and catarrh experienced by gardeners. A majority (94%) of farmers suffered from serious insect pest attacks on their farms and the most important pest was the cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) which affected (65%). A majority (96%) of farmers also reported diseases attacks with late blight (Phytophthora infestans) affecting more than four-fifth (81%) of the farms especially in the rainy season.

scholarly journals Nine Mitochondrial Genomes of the Pyraloidea and Their Phylogenetic Implications (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1039
Author(s):  
Xiaomeng Liu ◽  
Mujie Qi ◽  
Haizhen Xu ◽  
Zhipeng Wu ◽  
Lizong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
High Level

The Pyraloidea is one of the species-rich superfamilies of Lepidoptera and contains numerous economically important pest species that cause great loss in crop production. Here, we sequenced and annotated nine complete mitogenomes for Pyraloidea, and further performed various phylogenetic analyses, to improve our understanding of mitogenomic evolution and phylogeny of this superfamily. The nine mitogenomes were circular, double-stranded molecules, with the lengths ranging from 15,214 bp to 15,422 bp, which are comparable to other reported pyraloid mitogenomes in size. Gene content and arrangement were highly conserved and are typical of Lepidoptera. Based on the hitherto most extensive mitogenomic sampling, our various resulting trees showed generally congruent topologies among pyraloid subfamilies, which are almost in accordance with previous multilocus studies, indicating the suitability of mitogenomes in inferring high-level relationships of Pyraloidea. However, nodes linking subfamilies in the “non-PS clade” were not completely resolved in terms of unstable topologies or low supports, and future investigations are needed with increased taxon sampling and molecular data. Unexpectedly, Orybina Snellen, represented in a molecular phylogenetic investigation for the first time, was robustly placed as basal to the remaining Pyralidae taxa across our analyses, rather than nested in Pyralinae of Pyralidae as morphologically defined. This novel finding highlights the need to reevaluate Orybina monophyly and its phylogenetic position by incorporating additional molecular and morphological evidence.

scholarly journals Egg parasitoids of the cassava hornworm (Erinnyis spp.) associated to cassava in the Pará State, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. e932
Author(s):  
Aloyséia Cristina da Silva Noronha ◽  
Dimison Garcia Blanco ◽  
Valmir Antonio Costa ◽  
Ranyse Barbosa Querino ◽  
Dênmora Gomes de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
The City ◽  
Cassava Hornworm ◽  
Erinnyis Ello

The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence and identify the egg-parasitoid species of the cassava hornworm (Erinnyis spp.) in cassava plants (Manihot esculenta Crantz - Euphorbiaceae), facilitating their usage in the biological control as a management strategy in the Pará State. During February to December of 2016, cassava hornworm eggs were collected in the Cassava Germplasm Bank area of the Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, located at the city of Belém, State of Pará. In the laboratory, eggs were separated in viable and parasitized and were daily observed until the hatching of the caterpillars and emergence of the parasitoids. The caterpillars were reared until reaching the adult stage and the sex determined at the pupae stage. A total of 482 eggs were collected, with a higher occurrence at March, and 244 caterpillars were obtained with sex ratio of 0.52 with 191 specimens reaching adult stage. Among these adults, 95.81% were Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus) and 4.19% Erinnyis alope (Drury). A total of 1,087 parasitoids were obtained from 131 eggs and belong to four Hymenoptera families: Platygastridae (Telenomus dilophonotae Cameron), Eulophidae (Chrysonotomyia sp. aff. serjaniae), Trichogrammatidae (Trichogramma marandobai Brun, Moraes & Soares) and Encyrtidae (Ooencyrtus sp.). The Erinnyis spp. eggs were mostly parasitized by T. dilophonotae, which was classified along with T. marandobai as constant. The occurrence of these natural enemies highlights the potential for natural biological control against Erinnyis spp.

Biological Control of the Cassava Hornworm Erinnyis ello (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Bellotti ◽  
B. Arias V. ◽  
O. L. Guzman
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cassava Hornworm ◽  
Erinnyis Ello

scholarly journals Cloning and sequencing of a novel gene (recG) that affects the quinolone susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1770-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Niga ◽  
H Yoshida ◽  
H Hattori ◽  
S Nakamura ◽  
H Ito
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Parent Strain ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
Cloning And Sequencing ◽  
Acid Identity ◽  
E Coli

In a study of the quinolone resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus, a recG homolog was cloned as a gene affecting quinolone susceptibility. Sequencing analysis revealed that the gene consists of 2,061 nucleotides and encodes a 686-amino-acid polypeptide, which shows 38, 39, and 50% amino acid identity with the RecGs of Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, respectively. Seven helicase motifs are well conserved in the gene product. A plasmid carrying the gene complemented a recG-deficient mutant of E. coli with respect to mitomycin hypersusceptibility, demonstrating that the gene product is functionally equivalent to E. coli RecG. These results indicate that the gene is the recG gene of S. aureus. S. aureus RCM101 (recG::Tn551), designated S. aureus 3f33, is four to eight times more susceptible to quinolones than the parent strain, RCM101. The transformation of strain 3f33 with a plasmid carrying the S. aureus recG gene made it as quinolone resistant as strain RCM101. These results suggest that the recG gene is involved in the repair of DNA damage resulting from quinolone treatment in S. aureus.

Consumption of food and spatial organization of digestion in the cassava hornworm, Erinnyis ello

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 707-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Custódio D. Santos ◽  
Clélia Ferreira ◽  
Walter R. Terra
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Cassava Hornworm ◽  
Erinnyis Ello

scholarly journals Single-cell Sequencing in the Field of Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 576-584
Author(s):  
Tian Chen ◽  
Jiawei Li ◽  
Yichen Jia ◽  
Jiyan Wang ◽  
Ruirui Sang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Single Cell Sequencing ◽  
Continuous Progress ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Cover Up

Variation and heterogeneity between cells are the basic characteristics of stem cells. Traditional sequencing analysis methods often cover up this difference. Single-cell sequencing technology refers to the technology of high-throughput sequencing analysis of genomes at the single-cell level. It can effectively analyze cell heterogeneity and identify a small number of cell populations. With the continuous progress of cell sorting, nucleic acid extraction and other technologies, single-cell sequencing technology has also made great progress. Encouraging new discoveries have been made in stem cell research, including pluripotent stem cells, tissue-specific stem cells and cancer stem cells. In this review, we discuss the latest progress and future prospects of single-cell sequencing technology in the field of stem cells.

scholarly journals Cloning and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Carbendazim (Methyl-1H-Benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate)-Hydrolyzing Esterase from the Newly Isolated Nocardioides sp. Strain SG-4G and Its Potential for Use in Enzymatic Bioremediation

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 2940-2945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunjan Pandey ◽  
Susan J. Dorrian ◽  
Robyn J. Russell ◽  
Clint Brearley ◽  
Steven Kotsonis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Hypothetical Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Peptide Sequencing ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Serine Hydrolase ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Cognate Gene

ABSTRACT A highly efficient carbendazim (methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate, or MBC)-mineralizing bacterium was isolated from enrichment cultures originating from MBC-contaminated soil samples. This bacterium, Nocardioides sp. strain SG-4G, hydrolyzed MBC to 2-aminobenzimidazole, which in turn was converted to the previously unknown metabolite 2-hydroxybenzimidazole. The initial steps of this novel metabolic pathway were confirmed by growth and enzyme assays and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) studies. The enzyme responsible for carrying out the first step was purified and subjected to N-terminal and internal peptide sequencing. The cognate gene, named mheI (for MBC-hydrolyzing enzyme), was cloned using a reverse genetics approach. The MheI enzyme was found to be a serine hydrolase of 242 amino acid residues. Its nearest known relative is an uncharacterized hypothetical protein with only 40% amino acid identity to it. Codon optimized mheI was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, and the His-tagged enzyme was purified and biochemically characterized. The enzyme has a Km and k cat of 6.1 μM and 170 min−1, respectively, for MBC. Radiation-killed, freeze-dried SG-4G cells showed strong and stable MBC detoxification activity suitable for use in enzymatic bioremediation applications.

scholarly journals Molecular identification and antimicrobial resistence of Escherichia fergusonii and Escherichia coli from dairy cattle with diarrhoea

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Parin ◽  
S. Kirkan ◽  
SS Arslan ◽  
HT Yuksel
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Hypothetical Protein ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Holstein Friesian

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of Escherichia fergusonii in dairy cattle with clinical signs of diarrhoea. The specimens were obtained from three different farms in Denizli province of Turkey, between August 2016 and December 2016. Rectal contents of 57 Holstein-friesian dairy cattle with diarrhoea were collected from farms located in the Aegean Region (Denizli province, Turkey). Rectal swabs were inoculated into enrichment, differential and selective culture media. A total of 49 (86%) Escherichia spp. were isolated by phenotypic identification from 57 rectal swab samples. Presumptive E. fergusonii isolates were tested with the API 20E identification kit and all isolates (100%) were identified as E. coli. Primers targeting specific E. coli and E. fergusonii and genes, including the beta-glucuronidase enzyme, conserved hypothetical cellulose synthase protein and regulator of cellulose synthase and hypothetical protein, putative transcriptional activator for multiple antibiotic resistance were used for detection and differentiation of E. coli and E. fergusonii. Thirteen of the 49 E. coli-verified isolates were identified as E. fergusonii after duplex PCR using EFER 13- and EFER YP-specific primers. Confirmation of strain identity was conducted using Sanger sequencing analysis. The rates of antibiotic resistance of E. fergusonii to penicillin G and erythromycin were 100% and 77%, respectively. In conclusion, field strains of E. fergusonii were detected in cattle with diarrhoea in Turkey, and the strains were found to be resistant to multiple antibiotics.

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