scholarly journals Towards an understanding of the avian virome

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 785-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah François ◽  
Oliver G Pybus
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Zoonotic Viruses ◽  
Viral Communities

The last two decades have seen the rise of viromics, the study of viral communities through the detection and characterization of virus genome sequences. Here we systematically review and summarize the scope and limitations of our current understanding of avian viromes, in both domesticated and wild-bird populations. We compare this viromic work to the broader literature on avian prokaryotic microbiomes, and highlight the growing importance of structured sampling and experimental design for testing explanatory hypotheses. We provide a number of recommendations for sample collection and preliminary data analysis to guide the development of avian viromics. Avian viromes have the potential to inform disease surveillance in poultry and improve our understanding of the risk of zoonotic viruses to human health.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology and Characterization of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Wild Bird Populations in Northern England

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 3007-3015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Hughes ◽  
Malcolm Bennett ◽  
Peter Coffey ◽  
John Elliott ◽  
Trevor R. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Coastal Habitat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bird Populations

ABSTRACT Campylobacter infections have been reported at prevalences ranging from 2 to 50% in a range of wild bird species, although there have been few studies that have investigated the molecular epidemiology of Campylobacter spp. Consequently, whether wild birds are a source of infection in humans or domestic livestock or are mainly recipients of domestic animal strains and whether separate cycles of infection occur remain unknown. To address these questions, serial cross-sectional surveys of wild bird populations in northern England were carried out over a 2-year period. Fecal samples were collected from 2,084 wild bird individuals and screened for the presence of Campylobacter spp. A total of 56 isolates were recovered from 29 birds sampled at 15 of 167 diverse locales. Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter lari, and Campylobacter coli were detected by PCR, and the prevalences of different Campylobacter spp. in different avian families ranged from 0% to 33%. Characterization of 36 C. jejuni isolates by multilocus sequence typing revealed that wild birds carry both livestock-associated and unique strains of C. jejuni. However, the apparent absence of unique wild bird strains of C. jejuni in livestock suggests that the direction of infection is predominantly from livestock to wild birds. C. lari was detected mainly in wild birds sampled in an estuarine or coastal habitat. Fifteen C. lari isolates were analyzed by macrorestriction pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, which revealed genetically diverse populations of C. lari in Eurasian oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus) and clonal populations in magpies (Pica pica).

scholarly journals Results of scientific expedition to natural biotopes of the Republic of Tyva in 2019 with the purpose of infectious disease monitoring in wild bird populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
M. S. Volkov ◽  
V. N. Irza ◽  
A. V. Varkentin ◽  
S. V. Rogolyov ◽  
A. V. Andriyasov
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Active Monitoring ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Republic

The results of the scientific expedition to Tere Khol and Uvs Nuur Lakes in the Republic of Tyva with the purpose of active monitoring of highly dangerous diseases in wild migratory waterfowl and epidemic analysis of these biotope water areas are presented in the paper. The Uvs Nuur Lake is a kind of an indicator for avian influenza introduction to the Russian Federation, because this is the resting and nesting area for many migratory wild birds during the period of mass migrations from Central and South-East Asian countries. In the process of active monitoring the complete autopsy of bird carcasses with description of organs and systems and sampling for laboratory diagnostics were performed. Droppings (pooled samples), parts of internal organs from dead and shot birds, blood (if possible) served as biological and pathological material for testing. While sampling, species were identified using an ornithological guide. The autopsy of dead waterfowl and birds shot for diagnostic purposes demonstrated a high worm burden of nematodes and cestodes. Two samples from European herring gulls were positive for avian influenza type A virus genome and subtype H13N6 was identified in one of them. Avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1), the agent of Newcastle disease, was found in one sample from gulls. The lakes of the Republic of Tyva are the most significant sites for sampling of biological material from wild birds, as the primary detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in this territory is a serious signal of potential further virus spread and a precursor to a probable epizooty. Notwithstanding the absence of AIV very virulent isolate detections in wild bird populations the middle term prognosis for 2020 can be designated as cautious, as the avian influenza epidemic situation is deteriorating globally, especially in the European countries, and the threat of the virus introduction to the Russian territory with migratory birds still exists.

scholarly journals Detection and molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis-like viruses in wild bird populations

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 406-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Domanska-Blicharz ◽  
Anna Jacukowicz ◽  
Anna Lisowska ◽  
Krzysztof Wyrostek ◽  
Zenon Minta
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Bird Populations

PERSEPSI WISATAWAN TERHADAP OBJEK WISATA PULAU BOKORI DI DESA BOKORI KECAMATAN SOROPIA KABUPATEN KONAWE

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Rahmat Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Average Rating ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study aims to determine the Tourist Perception of Bokori Island Tourism Object in Bokori Village, Soropia District of Konawe Regency. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Subjects in this study were tourists visiting attractions Bokori Island. Traveler sampling in this study set out in the quota sampling 50 respondents, in this study the sample collection technique by accidental sampling.Methods of  data collection using questionnaires, observation and documentation. Questionnaire data analysis in this research is the analysis presented in the table percentage and distribution. Based on the results obtained show that, according to the perception of tourists attractions of the Bokori Island (1) appeal to the average score - average rating of 3.31 with the perception of being in either category, (2) accessibility with a mean score - average of 3.40 with the perception of tourists are in good category, (3) visitor facilities with a mean score - average rating of 3.12 with the perception of being in either category, (4) infrastructure with a mean score - average 3.53 with the perception of tourists were in the excellent category, (5) security with a mean score - average of 3.24 with the perceptions of visitors are in good category, (6) the promotion with a mean score - average of 3.32 with the perceptions of visitors are in either category. Thus the perception of the overall rating showed a mean score - average rating of 3.32 with the perception of being in either category.

Molecular characterization of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miribane Dërmaku-Sopjani ◽  
Mentor Sopjani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
New Public ◽  
And Function

Abstract:: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a new public health crisis threatening the world. This pandemic disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus has been reported to be originated in bats and by yet unknown intermediary animals were transmitted to humans in China 2019. The SARSCoV- 2 spreads faster than its two ancestors the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV) but has reduced fatality. At present, the SARS-CoV-2 has caused about a 1.16 million of deaths with more than 43.4 million confirmed cases worldwide, resulting in a serious threat to public health globally with yet uncertain impact. The disease is transmitted by inhalation or direct contact with an infected person. The incubation period ranges from 1 to 14 days. COVID-19 is accompanied by various symptoms, including cough, fatigue. In most people the disease is mild, but in some other people, such as in elderly and people with chronic diseases, it may progress from pneumonia to a multi-organ dysfunction. Many people are reported asymptomatic. The virus genome is sequenced, but new variants are reported. Numerous biochemical aspects of its structure and function are revealed. To date, no clinically approved vaccines and/or specific therapeutic drugs are available to prevent or treat the COVID-19. However, there are reported intensive researches on the SARSCoV- 2 to potentially identify vaccines and/or drug targets, which may help to overcome the disease. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the molecular structure of SARS-CoV-2 and its biochemical characteristics.

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