Molecular characterization of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miribane Dërmaku-Sopjani ◽  
Mentor Sopjani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
New Public ◽  
And Function

Abstract:: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a new public health crisis threatening the world. This pandemic disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus has been reported to be originated in bats and by yet unknown intermediary animals were transmitted to humans in China 2019. The SARSCoV- 2 spreads faster than its two ancestors the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV) but has reduced fatality. At present, the SARS-CoV-2 has caused about a 1.16 million of deaths with more than 43.4 million confirmed cases worldwide, resulting in a serious threat to public health globally with yet uncertain impact. The disease is transmitted by inhalation or direct contact with an infected person. The incubation period ranges from 1 to 14 days. COVID-19 is accompanied by various symptoms, including cough, fatigue. In most people the disease is mild, but in some other people, such as in elderly and people with chronic diseases, it may progress from pneumonia to a multi-organ dysfunction. Many people are reported asymptomatic. The virus genome is sequenced, but new variants are reported. Numerous biochemical aspects of its structure and function are revealed. To date, no clinically approved vaccines and/or specific therapeutic drugs are available to prevent or treat the COVID-19. However, there are reported intensive researches on the SARSCoV- 2 to potentially identify vaccines and/or drug targets, which may help to overcome the disease. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the molecular structure of SARS-CoV-2 and its biochemical characteristics.

scholarly journals An Interim Report on the Dental Practice Management: COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Somar Mirinal ◽  
Mohadeb-Somar Jhassu Varsha Naveena ◽  
Somar Mirinal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
Transmission Modes ◽  
New Public ◽  
Isolation Management ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

There is a new public health crisis threatening the world with the emergence and spread of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Due to the specialty of oral healthcare settings, the risk of cross infection is severe among patients and oral healthcare practitioners as they work in close proximity to their patients employing droplet and aerosol generating procedures. The transmission modes of SARS-coronavirus appear to be through droplet spread and close contact. Although the principle of universal precautions is widely advocated and followed throughout the dental community, it is not sufficient to help control the spread of this highly contagious disease. Management protocols must be modified to minimize public health risks. This includes the identification, isolation, management and report of possible and probable cases and contacts. Patient assessment should include questions on recent travel to infected areas and, contacts of patients, fever and symptoms of respiratory infections. Hence, there is a need for strict and efficient infection control protocols as the patient may be symptomatic as well as asymptomatic.

scholarly journals Emerging Human Coronaviruses: Molecular Biology and Vaccine Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawhar Gharbi
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
New Public ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Tract Infections

COVID-19 is a new public health crisis caused by the novel respiratory pathogen SARS-CoV-2. It is one of the most significant pandemic events in recent history. The SARS-CoV-2 Beta corona virus was transmitted to humans in the end of 2019 by unknown intermediary host from bats in Wuhan, Hubei province (China). It marked the third major coronavirus source of disaster in the 21stcentury.The three last severe respiratory tract infections caused by the SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 caused high human mortality. Viral genomic sequencing and investigations and the development of advanced vaccine strategies are expected to give us more information on these emerging pathogens and controlling them in the future. The aim of this review is to summarize updated information regarding these emerging human coronaviruses to understand their molecular and structural biology, transmissions and potential vaccine approaches actually developed against the SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Forecasting of COVID-19 Cases and Deaths Using ARIMA Models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutfi Bayyurt ◽  
Burcu Bayyurt
Keyword(s):  
Moving Average ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
New Public ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTAfter the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-2002/2003) and middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS-2012/2014) in the world, new public health crisis, called new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), started in China in December 2019 and has spread all over countries. COVID-19 coronavirus has been global threat of the disease and infected humans rapidly. Control of the pandemi is urgently essential, and science community have continued to research treatment agents. Support therapy and intensive care units in hospitals are also efective to overcome of COVID-19. Statistic forecasting models could aid to healthcare system in preventation of COVID-19. This study aimed to compose of forecasting model that could be practical to predict the spread of COVID-19 in Italy, Spain and Turkey. For this purpose, we performed Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model on the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control COVID-19 data to predict the number of cases and deaths in COVID-19. According to the our results, while number of cases in Italy and Spain is expected to decrease as of July, in Turkey is expected to decline as of September. The number of deaths in Italy and Spain is expected to be the lowest in July. In Turkey, this number is expected to reach the highest in July. In addition, it is thought that if studies in which the sensitivity and validity of this method are tested with more cases, they will contribute to researchers working in this field.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Existence in Different Types of Biological Specimens and Leading Public Health Concern

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Infected People ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
New Public ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

There is a new public health crisis threatening the world with the emergence and spread of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by WHO. Most patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibited symptoms of fever, cough, myalgia, fatigue and shortness of breath. Many infected people may be asymptomatic. It is generally believed that airway exposure to respiratory droplets from an infected patient is the main transmission route of this disease. However, apart from respiratory source, other source specimens like faecal matter and urine could be possible for COVID-19 infectivity. The spreading other routes of the virus has been alarming sign, both for public and health care professionals. Understanding the spreading routes of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for patient management and defining biosafety strategies for public and health care workers.

scholarly journals Maternal and Neonatal Complications, Outcomes and Possibility of Vertical Transmission in Iranian Women with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 713-721
Author(s):  
Zohreh Heidary ◽  
Omid Kohandel ◽  
Hanieh Fathi ◽  
Majid Zaki-Dizaji ◽  
Marjan Ghaemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
New Public ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time

Background: The emergence and fast spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) threatens the world as a new public health crisis. Little is known about its effects during pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: In this systematic review, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched focusing on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of COVID-19. Results: The initial search yielded 1236 articles, from which finally 21 unique studies, involving 151 pregnant women and 17 neonates, met the criteria. Mean ± SD age of included mothers and mean ± SD gestational age at admission were 30.6 ± 6.2 years and 30.8 ± 8.9 weeks, respectively. The common symptoms were fever, cough, fatigue, dyspnea and myalgia. The mortality rates of pregnant women and neonates were 28 out of 151 (18.5%) and 4 out of 17 (23.5%), respectively. Most of the neonates were preterm at the time of delivery. Three neonates had positive RT-PCR test on the first day after birth and three others on day two. On the average, neonate’s PCR became positive on day 4 for the first time. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of COVID-19 is crucial due to the possibility of the prenatal complications. Strict prevention strategies may reduce the risk of mother to infant transmission.

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