scholarly journals Gemella morbillorum: an underestimated aetiology of central nervous system infection?

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1652-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Benedetti ◽  
Mario Rassu ◽  
Michele Branscombe ◽  
Armine Sefton ◽  
Giampietro Pellizzer
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Aetiological Agent ◽  
Systemic Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Cerebellar Abscess ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Parenchyma

A case is reported of cerebellar abscess and diffuse cerebritis due to Gemella morbillorum. The clinical course was ‘biphasic’, developing with an acute meningeal infection followed shortly afterwards by suppuration in the cerebellar and cerebral parenchyma; this pattern seemed to suggest a latent survival of the aetiological agent, probably within the central nervous system (CNS), despite systemic antibiotic therapy. Based upon a review of cases so far described, infections of the CNS caused by G. morbillorum appear to be an emerging reality.

scholarly journals The nervous form of canine distemper

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Alice Fernandes Alfieri ◽  
Alexandre Mendes Amude ◽  
Amauri Alcindo Alfier
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Systemic Involvement ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Canine distemper is a systemic infection, frequently lethal in dogs. The canine distemper virus(CDV) causes a persistent infection within the central nervous system resulting in aprogressive, multifocal demyelinating disease. In dogs, CDV infection may lead togastrointestinal and/or respiratory signs, frequently with central nervous system involvement.Myoclonus has been a common and characteristic sign observed in dogs with distemperencephalomyelitis. However, the nervous form of distemper may occur in the absence ofmyoclonus and systemic involvement. This review will point the clinical course and theneurological signs of nervous distemper, as well the clinical syndromes of CDV infection,neuropathology of acute and chronic demyelination, and diagnostic aids of CDVencephalomyelitis.

scholarly journals Central Nervous System Infection with Histoplasma capsulatum

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Riddell ◽  
L. Joseph Wheat
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Filamentous Form ◽  
Disseminated Infection ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Histoplasmosis is an endemic fungal infection that may affect both immune compromised and non-immune compromised individuals. It is now recognized that the geographic range of this organism is larger than previously understood, placing more people at risk. Infection with Histoplasma capsulatum may occur after inhalation of conidia that are aerosolized from the filamentous form of the organism in the environment. Clinical syndromes typically associated with histoplasmosis include acute or chronic pneumonia, chronic cavitary pulmonary infection, or mediastinal fibrosis or lymphadenitis. Disseminated infection can also occur, in which multiple organ systems are affected. In up to 10% of cases, infection of the central nervous system (CNS) with histoplasmosis may occur with or without disseminated infection. In this review, we discuss challenges related to the diagnosis of CNS histoplasmosis and appropriate treatment strategies that can lead to successful outcomes.

scholarly journals High doses of cefotaxime in treatment of adult meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae with decreased susceptibilities to broad-spectrum cephalosporins.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
P F Viladrich ◽  
C Cabellos ◽  
R Pallares ◽  
F Tubau ◽  
J Martínez-Lacasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Adjunctive Therapy ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Doses

We treated nine patients (10 episodes) with meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates with decreased susceptibilities to broad-spectrum cephalosporins with high doses of cefotaxime (300 mg/kg of body weight per day; maximum dose, 24 g/day). Early adjunctive therapy with dexamethasone was also administered. Cefotaxime MICs were 0.5 (three episodes), 1 (five episodes), and 2 (two episodes) micrograms/ml, and MBCs ranged from 1 to 4 micrograms/ml. Therapy was well tolerated, and all patients experienced prompt clinical improvement. One patient died 8 days after the end of therapy, the central nervous system infection had already been cured, and the remaining patients recovered without relapses.

scholarly journals Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease with a Five-Year Clinical Course, Multicentric Cerebellar Prion Plaques and Prior History of Biopsy-Proven Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System: A Case for Iatrogenic Exposure?

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
Kristina Jeon ◽  
Jeffrey T. Joseph ◽  
Gerard H. Jansen ◽  
Anne Peterson ◽  
J. David Knox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Prior History ◽  
System A ◽  
Primary Angiitis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease that can arise spontaneously, genetically, or be acquired through iatrogenic exposure. Most patients die within a year of symptom onset. It is rare, affecting 1–2 per million per year, and the majority of cases are sporadic. Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is also rare, affecting 2.4 per million per year. We present a case of an unusually long clinical course of CJD, almost five years, which began with symptoms of apraxia. The patient had biopsy-proven PACNS 16 years prior to clinical presentation, and the site of biopsy was the left parietal lobe. Autopsy revealed multicentric prion plaques in the cerebellum, in the setting of normal genetic testing. The presence of plaques in the cerebellum, and prior neurosurgery, raises the possibility of iatrogenic exposure. We present the details of this case, including pathology from the original biopsy and final autopsy, as well as a review of relevant cases in the literature.

Central Nervous System Infection With Eikenella corrodens: Report of Two Cases

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
James E. Rubenstein ◽  
Marc F. Lieberman ◽  
Natan Gadoth
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Central Nervous System Infections ◽  
Eikenella Corrodens

Two cases of central nervous system infections from which E. corrodens has been isolated are reported. The portals of entry, clinical course, and antimicrobial responses conform to other reports in the literature. The importance of obtaining careful anaerobic cultures is emphasized.

scholarly journals Pathogens Penetrating the Central Nervous System: Infection Pathways and the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Invasion

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Dando ◽  
Alan Mackay-Sim ◽  
Robert Norton ◽  
Bart J. Currie ◽  
James A. St. John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Infection Pathways ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in CSF by ultrahigh depth sequencing in a patient with COVID-19 and neurological dysfunction: a case report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Xiang ◽  
Xinmin Xu ◽  
Xin Lu ◽  
Lili Gao ◽  
Huizhu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Human Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Background: SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), not only infects the respiratory tract, but also other organs. About a third of the inpatients of COVID-19 have neurological symptoms and in vitro experiments revealed that SARS-CoV-2 could infect human neural progenitor cells and brain organoids. However, the traditional test often reports negative owing to the low number of virus in the cerebrospinal fluid. To date, timely diagnosis of central nervous system infection of SARS-CoV-2 remains a challenge.Case presentation: On day 14 of COVID-19, seizures, maxillofacial convulsions, intractable hiccups and significant increase in intracranial pressure developed in a 56-year-old man. The RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2 was negative. SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid were detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by ultrahigh depth sequencing. The patient was successfully treated after 14 days of mechanical ventilation and treatment of pneumonia and neurological dysfunction.Conclusions: This case suggests SARS-CoV-2 can invade the central nervous system and relevant examinations with CSF including ultrahigh depth sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 are needed among COVID-19 patients with neurological dysfunction.

scholarly journals Central nervous system infection: imaging findings suggestive of a fungus as the cause

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-203
Author(s):  
Lillian Gonçalves Campos ◽  
Thaylla Maybe Bedinot da Conceição ◽  
Marília Sfredo Krüger ◽  
Juliano Adams Perez ◽  
Juliana Ávila Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The City

Abstract Fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are rare. However, because of the increase in the number of immunocompromised individuals, they have been gaining prominence in the differential diagnosis of CNS infections. Imaging techniques are sensitive for detecting and localizing an abnormality, in many cases allowing the origin of a lesion to be categorized as infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, or vascular. This essay illustrates the magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography findings of the most common fungal infections of the CNS, based on the experience of the Radiology Department of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, in the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

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