scholarly journals Predictive value of oral colonization by Candida yeasts for the onset of a nosocomial infection in elderly hospitalized patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fanello ◽  
J. P. Bouchara ◽  
M. Sauteron ◽  
V. Delbos ◽  
E. Parot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Poor Nutritional Status ◽  
Oral Colonization ◽  
Elderly Hospitalized Patients

The incidence of nosocomial yeast infections has increased markedly in recent decades, especially among the elderly. The present study was therefore initiated not only to determine the predictive value of oral colonization by yeasts for the onset of a nosocomial Candida infection in elderly hospitalized patients (>65 years), but also to clarify the factors that promote infection and to establish a relationship between the intensity of oral carriage and the onset of yeast infection. During this prospective cohort study, 256 patients (156 women and 100 men with a mean age of 83±8 years) were surveyed for yeast colonization or infection. Samples were collected every 4 days from day 0 to day 16 from four sites in the mouth, and intrinsic and extrinsic factors that might promote infection were recorded for each patient. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was performed on Candida albicans isolates from all infected patients. Poor nutritional status was observed in 81 % of the patients and hyposalivation in 41 %. The colonization level was 67 % on day 0 (59 % C. albicans) and a heavy carriage of yeasts (>50 c.f.u.) was observed for 51 % of the patients. The incidence of nosocomial colonization reached 6·9 % on day 4 (6·1 % on day 8 and 2·7 % on day 12), and that of nosocomial infection was 3·7 % on day 4 (6·8 % on day 8, 11·3 % on day 12 and 19·2 % on day 16). Of the 35 patients infected, 57 % were suffering from oral candidiasis. The principal risk factors for colonization were a dental prosthesis, poor oral hygiene and the use of antibiotics. The risk factors for infection, in addition to those already mentioned for colonization, were endocrine disease, poor nutritional status, prolonged hospitalization and high colony counts. Genotyping revealed person-to-person transmission in two patients. Thus, this study demonstrates a significant association between oral colonization and the onset of yeast infections in elderly hospitalized patients. Therefore, oral samples should be collected at admission and antifungal treatment should be administered in cases of colonization, especially in patients presenting a heavy carriage of yeasts. Genotyping of the strains confirmed the possibility of person-to-person transmission.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of Nutritional Status Among Women and Children in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanumant Waghmare ◽  
Shekhar Chauhan ◽  
Santosh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Poor Nutritional Status ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Status Of Women

Abstract Background: Nutrition has been a low-priority area in Pakistan, with low visibility from the political leadership. Despite various efforts, Pakistan has been reported to have one of the highest prevalence of child and women malnutrition compared to other developing counties. Therefore, this study intends to examine the prevalence and determinants of nutritional status of women and children in Pakistan.Methods: The present study uses the Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data from Pakistan 2012-13 (PDHS-3). The nutritional status of women was examined through Body-Mass Index (Underweight, normal, overweight, & obese), and that of children was examined through stunting (severe and moderate), wasting (severe, moderate, overweight), and underweight (severe, moderate, overweight). Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis have been used along with multinomial logistic regression.Results: A higher proportion of children in rural areas were severely stunted (19.57% vs. 12.49%), severe wasted (2.36% vs. 2.23%), and severe underweight (9.37% vs. 6%) than their urban counterparts. A higher proportion of rural women (9.5% vs. 5.45%) were underweight than urban women, whereas a higher proportion of urban women were obese (24.32% vs. 19.01%) than rural women. The odds of severe stunting (OR= 0.24; C.I.=0.15-0.37), severe underweight (OR= 0.11; C.I.=0.05-0.22) were lower among children from the richest wealth quintile than their poorest counterparts. The Relative Risk Ratio (RRR) of being overweight (RRR= 3.7; C.I.=2.47-5.54) and Obese (RRR= 4.35; C.I.=2.67-7.07) than normal BMI were higher among women from richest wealth quintile than women belonged to poorest wealth quintile.Conclusion: This study has highlighted determinants associated with maternal and child nutritional status, whereby child’s nutritional status was measured by stunting, wasting, and underweight, and the mother’s nutritional status was measured by BMI. The main risk factors for child’s poor nutritional status include low household wealth, urban residence, and mother’s educational status. Similarly, the main risk factors for women’s poor nutritional status include increasing the women's age, educational status, rural residence, and household wealth. Emphasis should be placed on educating mothers as it would improve their nutritional status and improve their child’s nutritional status simultaneously.

scholarly journals Identification of Frailty and Its Risk Factors in Elderly Hospitalized Patients from Different Wards: A Cross-Sectional Study in China

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 2249-2259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao-Dan Liang ◽  
Yao-Nan Zhang ◽  
Yan-Ming Li ◽  
Yu-Hui Chen ◽  
Jing-Yong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elderly Hospitalized Patients

Sensitivity and Specificity of Maternal Anthropometric Measures Relative to Infant Nutritional Status

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Nugroho Abikusno ◽  
Rachel Novotny
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Nutritional Status ◽  
Weight For Age

This cross-sectional study was done in July 1990 at health posts of two subdistricts in Cilandak, South Jakarta, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of maternal anthropometric measures against the functional outcome of infant nutritional status (weight-for-age). The study population consisted of 175 mother-infant pairs, who were between 14-45 years old, and their infants, who were 0-6 months old. The indicators that identified women at risk of their infant being poor nutritional status (weight-for-age less than −1 SD) were maternal weight (sensitivity 33%, specificity 89%, and positive predictive value 26%), height (sensitivity 39%, specificity 83% and positive predictive value 21%), and calf circumference (sensitivity 50%, specificity 85% and positive predictive value 28%).

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors for Poor Nutritional Status among Children in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3506-3518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Abubakar ◽  
Jacqueline Uriyo ◽  
Sia Msuya ◽  
Mark Swai ◽  
Babill Stray-Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Kilimanjaro Region ◽  
Poor Nutritional Status

scholarly journals Early alterations of circulating immune cell counts in severe trauma patients are related to later occurrence of nosocomial infection, sepsis and mortality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xijie Dong ◽  
Chuntao Wang ◽  
Xinghua Liu ◽  
Xiangjun Bai ◽  
Zhanfei Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Severe trauma leads to extensive disturbances of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, which in turn may affect the prognosis. The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the alterations of circulating immune cell counts in the early stage of severe trauma and the later occurrence of nosocomial infection, sepsis and mortality. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 876 patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 16. Demographic data, the absolute counts of neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte (ANC, ALC and AMC) on days 1, 3, and 7 (D1, D3, and D7) after trauma, and whether nosocomial infection, sepsis or death occurred within 60 days were recorded. Ratios were calculated between immune cell counts of each two time points, namely day 3/day 1 (D3/D1) and day 7/day 3 (D7/D3). Patients were grouped based on ISS and the occurrence of nosocomial infection, sepsis or death. Comparative studies were conducted between each two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify variables related to the risk of nosocomial infection, sepsis, and mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to assess the predictive value of various risk factors. Results: More severe trauma leads to more pronounced increase in ANC and more slowly recovery of ALC. In patients with subsequent nosocomial infection and sepsis, ANC was higher and ALC recovery was slower than those without nosocomial infection and sepsis within 7 days. In non-survivors, ALC had not recovered and AMC (D3) and AMC (D7) was lower than survivors within 7 days. ALC (D3) and ALC (D3/D1) are independent risk factors for nosocomial infection and sepsis. ALC (D3), ALC (D3/D1), ALC (D7) and AMC (D7) are independent risk factors for death. The combination of ALC (D3/D1) and ALC (D3) had a good predictive value for the occurrence of nosocomial infection, sepsis, and mortality. Conclusions: More severe trauma causes more intense interference to circulating immunocyte counts. Worse alterations in circulating immunocyte counts within 7 days may increase the risk of subsequent nosocomial infection, sepsis and mortality.

Which risk factors are associated with poor nutritional status in dutch community-dwelling older adults?

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. S61-S62
Author(s):  
J.W. Borkent ◽  
L.T. Schuurman ◽  
J. Beelen ◽  
J.O. Linschooten ◽  
A.J.C. Roodenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Poor Nutritional Status ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Risk factors and clinical aspects of delirium in elderly hospitalized patients in Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahshid Foroughan ◽  
Ahmad Delbari ◽  
Said Ebn Said ◽  
Ahmad Ali AkbariKamrani ◽  
Vahid Rashedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Elderly Hospitalized Patients

scholarly journals Clinical characterization and risk factors of Clostridium difficile infection in elderly patients in a Chinese hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Lihua ◽  
Dong Danfeng ◽  
Jiang Cen ◽  
Wang Xuefeng ◽  
Peng Yibing
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Elderly Hospitalized Patients

Introduction: Clostridium difficile is a common cause of nosocomial diarrhea, especially in elderly patients. This study aimed to analyze the clinical features and assess the risk factors associated with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in elderly hospitalized patients. Methodology: A retrospective case-control study was conducted among elderly hospitalized patients (> 60 years of age) in a Chinese tertiary hospital between 2010 and 2013. Fifty-two CDI patients and 150 randomly selected non-CDI patients were included in the study. Clinical features of CDI and non-CDI patients were compared by appropriate statistical tests. Logistic regression analyses were performed on a series of factors to determine the risk factors for CDI among the elderly hospitalized patients. Results: The elderly CDI patients showed higher leukocyte counts, lower serum albumin levels, longer duration of hospital stay, and higher mortality compared to the non-CDI patients. The proportion of patients admitted to the intensive care unit or exposed to gastric acid suppressants was also significantly different (p < 0.05) between the two groups. Multivariate analysis indicated that serum creatinine (OR 1.004; 95% CI 1.001–1.008), surgical intervention (OR 6.132; 95% CI 2.594–14.493), the number of comorbidities (OR 2.573; 95% CI 1.353–4.892), gastrointestinal disease (OR 4.670; 95% CI 2.002–10.895), and antibiotic use (OR 6.718; 95% CI 2.846–15.859) were independently associated with CDI. Conclusions: This study revealed several risk factors for CDI among elderly hospitalized patients. These findings will increase the knowledge concerning this disease and provide information regarding the control and prevention of CDI in the elderly.

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