Long inverted repeats around the chromosome replication terminus in the model strain Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis BGSC 4Q7

Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis is the most widely used natural biopesticide against mosquito larvae worldwide. Its lineage has been actively studied and a plasmid-free strain, B . thuringiensis serovar israelensis BGSC 4Q7 (4Q7), has been produced. Previous sequencing of the genome of this strain has revealed the persistent presence of a 235 kb extrachromosomal element, pBtic235, which has been shown to be an inducible prophage, although three putative chromosomal prophages have been lost. Moreover, a 492 kb region, potentially including the standard replication terminus, has also been deleted in the 4Q7 strain, indicating an absence of essential genes in this area. We reanalysed the genome coverage distribution of reads for the previously sequenced variant strain, and sequenced two independently maintained samples of the 4Q7 strain. A 553 kb area, close to the 492 kb deletion, was found to be duplicated. This duplication presumably restored the equal sizes of the replichores, and a balanced functioning of replication termination. An analysis of genome assembly graphs revealed a transient association of the host chromosome with the pBtic235 element. This association may play a functional role in the replication of the bacterial chromosome, and the termination of this process in particular. The genome-restructuring events detected may modify the genetic status of cytotoxic or haemolytic toxins, potentially influencing strain virulence. Twelve of the single-nucleotide variants identified in 4Q7 were probably due to the procedure used for strain construction or were present in the precursor of this strain. No sequence variants were found in pBtic235, but the distribution of the corresponding 4Q7 reads indicates a significant difference from counterparts in natural B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis strains, suggesting a duplication or over-replication in 4Q7. Thus, the 4Q7 strain is not a pure plasmid-less offshoot, but a highly genetically modified derivative of its natural ancestor. In addition to potentially influencing virulence, genome-restructuring events can modify the replication termination machinery. These findings have potential implications for the conclusions of virulence studies on 4Q7 as a model, but they also raise interesting fundamental questions about the functioning of the Bacillus genome.

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Difference in drug susceptibility distribution and clinical characteristics between Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare lung diseases in Shanghai, China

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.001358 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 70 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Weiping Wang ◽

Jinghui Yang ◽

Xiaocui Wu ◽

Baoshan Wan ◽

Hongxiu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Avium ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Type Species ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Radiographic Findings ◽

Content Type ◽

Mycobacterium Intracellulare ◽

Link Type ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) has been reported as the most common aetiology of lung disease involving nontuberculous mycobacteria. Hypothesis. Antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical characteristics may differ between Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare . Aim. We aimed to evaluate the differences in antimicrobial susceptibility profiles between two major MAC species ( Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare ) from patients with pulmonary infections and to provide epidemiologic data with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distributions. Methodology. Between January 2019 and May 2020, 45 M. avium and 242 M . intracellulare isolates were obtained from Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital. The demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were obtained from their medical records. The MICs of 13 antimicrobials were determined for the MAC isolates using commercial Sensititre SLOWMYCO MIC plates and the broth microdilution method, as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI; Standards M24-A2). MIC50 and MIC90 values were derived from the MIC distributions. Results. M. intracellulare had higher resistance rates than M. avium for most tested antimicrobials except clarithromycin, ethambutol, and ciprofloxacin. Clarithromycin was the most effective antimicrobial against both the M. avium (88.89 %) and M. intracellulare (91.32 %) isolates, with no significant difference between the species (P=0.601). The MIC90 of clarithromycin was higher for M. avium (32 µg ml−1) than M. intracellulare (8 µg ml−1). The MIC50 of rifabutin was more than four times higher for M. intracellulare (1 µg ml−1) than M. avium (≤0.25 µg ml−1). The percentages of patients aged >60 years and patients with sputum, cough, and cavitary lesions were significantly higher than among patients with M. intracellulare infection than M. avium infections. Conclusions. The pulmonary disease caused by distinct MAC species had different antimicrobial susceptibility, symptoms, and radiographic findings.

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Prevalence of target anaerobes associated with chronic periodontitis

Access Microbiology ◽

10.1099/acmi.0.000177 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Ameerah M. Alazemi ◽

W. Jamal ◽

A. Al Khabbaz ◽

V. O. Rotimi

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Pcr ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Type Species ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Chronic Infections ◽

Content Type ◽

Link Type ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pcr Assays ◽

Semi Quantitative Pcr

Introduction. Periodontal diseases are a group of chronic infections that destroy tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. Data on the anaerobes associated with periodontal infections in Kuwait is lacking. Aim. To investigate the target anaerobes associated with chronic periodontitis (CP) in patients admitted to Dental Clinics in Kuwait University Health Sciences Center, Kuwait. Methodology. Patients with CP (severe and moderate) were recruited into this study during a period of 15 months. Samples were collected directly from inside the gingival pockets and subjected to semi-quantitative PCR assays. Results. A total of 30 patients, stratified into moderate and severe CP and 31 healthy individuals, used as controls, were studied. Nine (30 %) of the 30 patients were in the 50–59-year age group. The detection rate of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans between the patients (9 : 30 %) versus the controls (5 : 16.1 %) was non-significant (P >0.05). Fusobacterium spp., were detected in all patients versus 29 (93.1 %) controls, (P >0.05). However, four target anaerobes were significantly associated with CP patients; Porphyromonas gingivalis was detected in ten (33.3 %) patients versus two (6.4 %) controls (P <0.0001); Tannerella forsythia 25 (83.3 %) versus 16 (51.6 %) controls (P <0.0001); Parvimonas micra 27 (90 %) versus 16 (51.6 %) controls (P <0.0001) and Treponema denticola, 18 (60 %) versus nine (29 %) controls (P <0.0001), respectively. Prevotella spp. were detected in 27 (90 %) patients and 30 (96.7 %) controls (P>0.5). There was no significant difference in the burden of Prevotella spp. between patients and controls determined by semi-quantitative PCR assays. Conclusion. Some (4/7) of the target anaerobes were significantly associated with CP in our study. P. gingivalis was the most strongly associated anaerobe with CP, although not the keystone bacteria, while Prevotella spp. was similar to the healthy controls.

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Co-infections of two carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter hormaechei clinical strains isolated from the same diabetes individual in China

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.001316 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Manlin Ding ◽

Jiao Shi ◽

Ahmad Ud Din ◽

Yao Liu ◽

Feiyang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Type Species ◽

The Self ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Content Type ◽

Link Type ◽

Resistant Genes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Enterobacter Hormaechei

Introduction. Since mcr-1 was first reported in China, there have been ten variants of MCR appearing nationwide so far. Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteria carrying both NDM and MCR have become a serious threat to global public health. Hypothesis/Gap Statement. The genetic structure of mcr-9 needs to be better understood in order to better prevent and control the transmission of drug-resistant genes. Aims. The aim of this study was to characterize the presence of two Enterobacter hormaechei isolates, which carries bla NDM-5 CME2 and the coexistence of mcr-9 and bla NDM-1 strain CMD2, which were isolated from a patient with diabetes in Sichuan, China. Methodology. The microbroth dilution method was used for antibiotic susceptibility. Conjugation experiment was used to investigate the transferability of bla NDM-1, bla NDM-5 and mcr-9. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on Illumina HiSeq platform. The ability of biofilm formation was detected by crystal-violet staining, the virulence of the bacteria was measured by Galleria mellonella killing assay. Results. bla NDM-5 carrier CME2 and CMD2 with bla NDM-1 and mcr-9 were resistant to carbapenems, β-lactam, aminoglycoside, quinolone and tetracycline, while CMD2 was also resistant to colistin. Conjugation assay and plasmid replicon typing further demonstrated that both bla NDM-1 and bla NDM-5 were respectively present on the self-transferrable IncX3 plasmid, mcr-9 was located on the self-transferrable IncHI2 plasmid. Through the analysis of mcr-9 gene context, the structure was DUF4942-rcnR-rcnA-copS-IS903-mcr-9-wbuC-qseC-qseB-IS1R-ΔsilR-IS903, bla NDM-1 context was IS3000-ΔISAba125-IS5-bla NDM-1-ble-trpF-groS-groL-insE-ΔIS26 structure, bla NDM-5 structure was IS3000-bla NDM-5-ble-trpF-dsbC-ΔIS26-umuD-ISKox3-tnpR-parA. Biofilm formation of CME2 was stronger than CMD2. There was no significant difference in virulence between the two strains. Conclusion. This study reveals two multiple drug-resistant E. hormaechei isolates from diabetes patient samples. E. hormaechei carrying two NDM-resistant genes is already a serious threat, where MCR is an important cause of treatment failure in bacterial infections. This study is a reminder not only to prevent infection in patients with diabetes, but also to constantly monitor the epidemic and spread of the drug-resistant gene.

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The signaling peptide PapR is required for the activity of the quorum-sensor PlcRa in Bacillus thuringiensis

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.000883 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 166 (4) ◽

pp. 398-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Eugénie Huillet ◽

Ludovic Bridoux ◽

Isabelle Barboza ◽

Christelle Lemy ◽

Gwenaëlle André-Leroux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Type Species ◽

Transcriptional Regulator ◽

Functional Link ◽

Content Type ◽

Link Type ◽

Necessary And Sufficient ◽

Oligopeptide Permease ◽

Dose Dependent Increase

The transcriptional regulator PlcR, its cognate cell-cell signaling heptapeptide PapR7, and the oligopeptide permease OppABCDF, required for PapR7 import, form a quorum-sensing system that controls the expression of virulence factors in Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis species. In B. cereus strain ATCC 14579, the transcriptional regulator PlcRa activates the expression of abrB2 gene, which encodes an AbrB-like transcriptional regulator involved in cysteine biosynthesis. PlcRa is a structural homolog of PlcR: in particular, its C-terminal TPR peptide-binding domain could be similarly arranged as in PlcR. The signaling peptide of PlcRa is not known. As PlcRa is a PlcR-like protein, the cognate PapR7 peptide (ADLPFEF) is a relevant candidate to act as a signaling peptide for PlcRa activation. Also, the putative PapRa7 peptide (CSIPYEY), encoded by the papRa gene adjacent to the plcRa gene, is a relevant candidate as addition of synthetic PapRa7 induces a dose-dependent increase of abrB2 expression. To address the issue of peptide selectivity of PlcRa, the role of PapR and PapRa peptides in PlcRa activity was investigated in B. thuringiensis 407 strain, by genetic and functional complementation analyses. A transcriptional fusion between the promoter of abrB2 and lacZ was used to monitor the PlcRa activity in various genetic backgrounds. We demonstrated that PapR was necessary and sufficient for PlcRa activity. We showed that synthetic PapRs from pherogroups II, III and IV and synthetic PapRa7 were able to trigger abrB2 expression, suggesting that PlcRa is less selective than PlcR. Lastly, the mode of binding of PlcRa was addressed using an in silico approach. Overall, we report a new role for PapR as a signaling peptide for PlcRa activity and show a functional link between PlcR and PlcRa regulons in B. thuringiensis .

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Genomic characterization of Achromobacter species isolates from chronic and occasional lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients

Microbial Genomics ◽

10.1099/mgen.0.000606 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Laura Veschetti ◽

Angela Sandri ◽

Cristina Patuzzo ◽

Paola Melotti ◽

Giovanni Malerba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Type Species ◽

Lung Infection ◽

Anaerobic Growth ◽

Functional Genes ◽

Content Type ◽

Link Type ◽

Specific Distribution ◽

Significant Difference

Achromobacter species are increasingly being detected in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, where they can establish chronic infections by adapting to the lower airway environment. To better understand the mechanisms contributing to a successful colonization by Achromobacter species, we sequenced the whole genome of 54 isolates from 26 patients with occasional and early/late chronic lung infection. We performed a phylogenetic analysis and compared virulence and resistance genes, genetic variants and mutations, and hypermutability mechanisms between chronic and occasional isolates. We identified five Achromobacter species as well as two non-affiliated genogroups (NGs). Among them were the frequently isolated Achromobacter xylosoxidans and four other species whose clinical importance is not yet clear: Achromobacter insuavis, Achromobacter dolens, Achromobacter insolitus and Achromobacter aegrifaciens . While A. insuavis and A. dolens were isolated only from chronically infected patients and A. aegrifaciens only from occasionally infected patients, the other species were found in both groups. Most of the occasional isolates lacked functional genes involved in invasiveness, chemotaxis, type 3 secretion system and anaerobic growth, whereas the great majority (>60%) of chronic isolates had these genomic features. Interestingly, almost all (n=22/23) late chronic isolates lacked functional genes involved in lipopolysaccharide production. Regarding antibiotic resistance, we observed a species-specific distribution of blaOXA genes, confirming what has been reported in the literature and additionally identifying blaOXA-2 in some A. insolitus isolates and observing no blaOXA genes in A. aegrifaciens or NGs. No significant difference in resistance genes was found between chronic and occasional isolates. The results of the mutator genes analysis showed that no occasional isolate had hypermutator characteristics, while 60% of early chronic (<1 year from first colonization) and 78% of late chronic (>1 year from first colonization) isolates were classified as hypermutators. Although all A. dolens, A. insuavis and NG isolates presented two different mutS genes, these seem to have a complementary rather than compensatory function. In conclusion, our results show that Achromobacter species can exhibit different adaptive mechanisms and some of these mechanisms might be more useful than others in establishing a chronic infection in CF patients, highlighting their importance for the clinical setting and the need for further studies on the less clinically characterized Achromobacter species.

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Chronic cigarette smoke exposure and pneumococcal infection induce oropharyngeal microbiota dysbiosis and contribute to long-lasting lung damage in mice

Microbial Genomics ◽

10.1099/mgen.0.000485 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Markus Hilty ◽

Tsering M. Wüthrich ◽

Aurélie Godel ◽

Roberto Adelfio ◽

Susanne Aebi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Type Species ◽

Pneumococcal Infection ◽

Smoke Exposure ◽

Lung Damage ◽

Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Content Type ◽

Link Type ◽

Significant Difference

Environmental factors, such as cigarette smoking or lung infections, may influence chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) progression by modifying the respiratory tract microbiome. However, whether the disease itself induces or maintains dysbiosis remains undefined. In this longitudinal study, we investigated the oropharyngeal microbiota composition and disease progression of mice (in cages of 5–10 mice per cage) before, during and up to 3 months after chronic cigarette smoke exposure or exposure to room air for 6 months. Cigarette smoke exposure induced pulmonary emphysema measurable at the end of exposure for 6 months, as well as 3 months following smoke exposure cessation. Using both classical culture methods and 16S rRNA sequencing, we observed that cigarette smoke exposure altered the relative composition of the oropharyngeal microbiota and reduced its diversity (P <0.001). More than 60 taxa were substantially reduced after 6 months of smoke exposure (P <0.001) However, oropharyngeal microbiota disordering was reversed 3 months after smoke exposure cessation and no significant difference was observed compared to age-matched control mice. The effects of lung infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae on established smoke-induced emphysema and on the oropharyngeal microbiota were also evaluated. Inoculation with S. pneumoniae induced lung damage and altered the microbiota composition for a longer time compared to control groups infected but not previously exposed to smoke (P=0.01). Our data demonstrate effects of cigarette smoke and pneumococcus infection leading to altered microbiota and emphysema development. The reversal of the disordering of the microbiota composition, but not lung damage, following smoke exposure cessation and after clearance of infection suggest that changes in lung structure are not sufficient to sustain a disordered microbiota in mice. Whether changes in the airway microbiota contribute to inducing emphysema requires further investigation.

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Faecalicoccus acidiformans gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the chicken caecum, and reclassification of Streptococcus pleomorphus (Barnes et al. 1977), Eubacterium biforme (Eggerth 1935) and Eubacterium cylindroides (Cato et al. 1974) as Faecalicoccus pleomorphus comb. nov., Holdemanella biformis gen. nov., comb. nov. and Faecalitalea cylindroides gen. nov., comb. nov., respectively, within the family Erysipelotrichaceae

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijs.0.064626-0 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 64 (Pt_11) ◽

pp. 3877-3884 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Celine De Maesschalck ◽

Filip Van Immerseel ◽

Venessa Eeckhaut ◽

Siegrid De Baere ◽

Margo Cnockaert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

16S Rrna Gene ◽

Type Species ◽

Gene Sequence ◽

Sequence Similarity ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequence ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Rrna Gene Sequence ◽

Content Type ◽

Link Type

Strains LMG 27428T and LMG 27427 were isolated from the caecal content of a chicken and produced butyric, lactic and formic acids as major metabolic end products. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains LMG 27428T and LMG 27427 were 40.4 and 38.8 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, both strains were most closely related to the generically misclassified Streptococcus pleomorphus ATCC 29734T. Strain LMG 27428T could be distinguished from S. pleomorphus ATCC 29734T based on production of more lactic acid and less formic acid in M2GSC medium, a higher DNA G+C content and the absence of activities of acid phosphatase and leucine, arginine, leucyl glycine, pyroglutamic acid, glycine and histidine arylamidases, while strain LMG 27428 was biochemically indistinguishable from S. pleomorphus ATCC 29734T. The novel genus Faecalicoccus gen. nov. within the family Erysipelotrichaceae is proposed to accommodate strains LMG 27428T and LMG 27427. Strain LMG 27428T ( = DSM 26963T) is the type strain of Faecalicoccus acidiformans sp. nov., and strain LMG 27427 ( = DSM 26962) is a strain of Faecalicoccus pleomorphus comb. nov. (type strain LMG 17756T = ATCC 29734T = DSM 20574T). Furthermore, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the genus Faecalicoccus are the generically misclassified Eubacterium cylindroides DSM 3983T (94.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to strain LMG 27428T) and Eubacterium biforme DSM 3989T (92.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to strain LMG 27428T). We present genotypic and phenotypic data that allow the differentiation of each of these taxa and propose to reclassify these generically misnamed species of the genus Eubacterium formally as Faecalitalea cylindroides gen. nov., comb. nov. and Holdemanella biformis gen. nov., comb. nov., respectively. The type strain of Faecalitalea cylindroides is DSM 3983T = ATCC 27803T = JCM 10261T and that of Holdemanella biformis is DSM 3989T = ATCC 27806T = CCUG 28091T.

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Pseudoseohaeicola caenipelagi gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijs.0.000182 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 65 (Pt_6) ◽

pp. 1819-1824 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Sooyeon Park ◽

Ji-Min Park ◽

Chul-Hyung Kang ◽

Song-Gun Kim ◽

Jung-Hoon Yoon

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

16S Rrna Gene ◽

Tidal Flat ◽

Type Strain ◽

Type Species ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Sequence Similarity ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Content Type ◽

Link Type

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic and pleomorphic bacterium, designated BS-W13T, was isolated from a tidal flat on the South Sea, South Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Strain BS-W13T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 1.0–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain BS-W13T clustered with the type strain of Seohaeicola saemankumensis , showing the highest sequence similarity (95.96 %) to this strain. Strain BS-W13T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 95.95, 95.91, 95.72 and 95.68 % to the type strains of Sulfitobacter donghicola , Sulfitobacter porphyrae , Sulfitobacter mediterraneus and Roseobacter litoralis , respectively. Strain BS-W13T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acid. The polar lipid profile of strain BS-W13T, containing phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid as major components, was distinguishable from those of some phylogenetically related taxa. The DNA G+C content of strain BS-W13T was 58.1 mol%. The phylogenetic data and differential chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties revealed that strain BS-W13T constitutes a novel genus and species within family Rhodobacteraceae of the class Alphaproteobacteria , for which the name Pseudoseohaeicola caenipelagi gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BS-W13T ( = KCTC 42349T = CECT 8724T).

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Litorilinea aerophila gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic member of the class Caldilineae , phylum Chloroflexi , isolated from an intertidal hot spring

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijs.0.044115-0 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 63 (Pt_3) ◽

pp. 1149-1154 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Varsha Kale ◽

Snædís H. Björnsdóttir ◽

Ólafur H. Friðjónsson ◽

Sólveig K. Pétursdóttir ◽

Sesselja Ómarsdóttir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type Species ◽

Hot Spring ◽

Sequence Similarity ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Content Type ◽

Phenotypic Differences ◽

Link Type ◽

Fermentative Growth ◽

Distinct Lineage ◽

Ph Range

A thermophilic, aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, filamentous bacterium, strain PRI-4131T, was isolated from an intertidal hot spring in Isafjardardjup, NW Iceland. The strain grew chemo-organotrophically on various carbohydrates. The temperature range for growth was 40–65 °C (optimum 55 °C), the pH range was pH 6.5–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and the NaCl range was 0–3 % (w/v) (optimum 0.5 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PRI-4131T represented a distinct lineage within the class Caldilineae of the phylum Chloroflexi. The highest levels of sequence similarity, about 91 %, were with Caldilinea aerophila STL-6-O1T and Caldilinea tarbellica D1-25-10-4T. Fermentative growth was not observed for strain PRI-4131T, which, in addition to other characteristics, distinguished it from the two Caldilinea species. Owing to both phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from the described members of the class Caldilineae , we propose to accommodate strain PRI-4131T in a novel species in a new genus, Litorilinea aerophila gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Litorilinea aerophila is PRI-4131T ( = DSM 25763T = ATCC BAA-2444T).

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Catenulispora graminis sp. nov., a rhizobacterium from bamboo (Phyllostachys nigro var. henonis) rhizosphere soil

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijs.0.035501-0 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 62 (Pt_11) ◽

pp. 2589-2592 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hyo-Jin Lee ◽

Song-Ih Han ◽

Kyung-Sook Whang

Keyword(s):

Type Species ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Major Fatty Acid ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Phenotypic Data ◽

Content Type ◽

Dna Relatedness ◽

Link Type ◽

Isoprenoid Quinones ◽

Type Strains

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain BR-34T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of bamboo (Phyllostachys nigro var. henonis) sampled in Damyang, Korea. The strain was found to have morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of the genus Catenulispora . The strain contained iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acid and MK-9(H4), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8) as major isoprenoid quinones. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain BR-34T formed a cluster separate from members of the genus Catenulispora and was related most closely to Catenulispora acidiphila ID139908T (97.4 % similarity), Catenulispora rubra Aac-30T (97.3 %), Catenulispora yoronensis TT N02-20T (97.3 %) and Catenulispora subtropica TT 99-48T (97 %). However, the level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain BR-34T and C. acidiphila ID139908T was only 45.32 %. Based on DNA–DNA relatedness, morphological and phenotypic data, strain BR-34T could be distinguished from the type strains of phylogenetically related species. It is therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Catenulispora , for which the name Catenulispora graminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BR-34T ( = KACC 15070T = NBRC 107755T).

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