Antibody responses to 26 skin human papillomavirus types in the Netherlands, Italy and Australia

Solar UV radiation is the main risk factor for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), but infections with skin human papillomavirus (HPV) types have also been linked to the development of SCC. Little is known about the natural history of these infections and whether the seroprevalence of skin HPV types is affected by ambient or individual levels of sun exposure. This study investigated this by analysing sera for antibodies to 26 skin HPV types from five phylogenetic genera obtained from 807 healthy individuals from the Netherlands, Italy and Australia, countries with strong differences in sunlight intensity. Overall HPV seroprevalence was similar across the three countries (50–57 % for β-HPV types, 40–48 % for γ-HPV types), and the most frequent β-HPV and γ-HPV types were the same in all countries. The highest seroprevalences for 24 of the 26 skin HPV types were observed in Italy (14 types) and Australia (ten types). Seroprevalence among men was generally higher than among women, and the male sex was significantly associated with both β-HPV [odds ratio (OR) 2.81, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.64–4.82] and γ-HPV (OR 2.42, 95 % CI 1.40–4.18) antibodies in Australia. The only measure of sun sensitivity or UV exposure significantly associated with skin HPV seroprevalence was found for weekend sun exposure in Australia and β-HPV antibodies. It was concluded that type spectra and HPV seroprevalence are similar in countries with different sunlight intensity, and that levels of UV exposure do not play a strong role in the development of skin HPV antibodies in this study population.

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Human papillomavirus type spectrum in normal skin of individuals with or without a history of frequent sun exposure

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.2008/003665-0 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 89 (11) ◽

pp. 2891-2897 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Alice Che-Ha Chen ◽

Nigel A. J. McMillan ◽

Annika Antonsson

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Uv Radiation ◽

Normal Skin ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

The Sun ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Type Spectrum ◽

History Of ◽

Hpv Types ◽

Healthy Males

Cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) has been widely detected in healthy skin. Previous studies have found that UV radiation can activate several HPV types, and a possible role for cutaneous HPV in the development of non-melanoma skin cancer has been suggested. This study investigated the prevalence and type-spectrum of cutaneous HPV in relation to UV radiation by studying forehead skin swab samples from 50 healthy males frequently exposed to the sun and 50 healthy males who were not frequently exposed to the sun. A questionnaire including ethnic background of the participants, history of cancers and a self-assessment of sun-exposure was also conducted and analysed. PCR with the FAP primer pair was carried out to detect HPV DNA in samples. HPV prevalence was higher in individuals who spent more time outdoors and in individuals with a history of skin cancers (P=0.044 and P=0.04, respectively). Furthermore, individuals wearing sunglasses as a means of sun protection had a lower prevalence of HPV (P=0.018). Interestingly, HPV-76 was only detected in the group without frequent sun-exposure (P=0.001). These results suggest that increased UV radiation exposure may be a factor leading to a difference in prevalence of cutaneous HPV types.

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The Genes and Genetics of Malignant Melanoma

Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/120347540200600307 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 229-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Peter Gibbs ◽

Benjamin M. R. Brady ◽

William A. Robinson

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Population Based ◽

Uv Exposure ◽

Molecular Defect ◽

Clinical Variables ◽

Red Hair ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Self Examination

Background: Population-based studies have identified several clinical variables associated with an increased risk of developing cutaneous melanoma that include phenotype, amount of and response to sun exposure, and family history. However, these observations are of limited relevance to clinical practice as the risk associated with each factor is individually modest and the characteristics of these variables lack precision when applied to a particular individual. Objective: To review the literature regarding recent advances made in the understanding of the genes and genetics of clinical variables associated with an increased risk of melanoma. Conclusion: Variants of the MC1R (melanocortin-1 receptor) have been identified as major determinants of high-risk phenotypes, such as red hair and pale skin, and the ability to tan in response to UV exposure. Several studies also suggest that such variants may increase melanoma risk independent of their contribution to phenotype. A strong genetic basis for both nevus density and size has been demonstrated and the link between nevi and the development of MM has become better defined. Finally, germline defects in several genes involved in cell cycle regulation, namely, p16 and CDK4, have been demonstrated in many familial melanoma kindreds. This progress has introduced the prospect of genetic testing as a means of identifying a limited number of high-risk individuals who can be targeted with regular screening and education regarding UV exposure and skin self-examination. Ultimately, through rational genetic therapy targeted to correcting the underlying molecular defect, altering the natural history of melanoma development may be possible.

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Population Impact of Girls-Only Human Papillomavirus 16/18 Vaccination in The Netherlands: Cross-Protective and Second-Order Herd Effects

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciaa1770 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Joske Hoes ◽

Petra J Woestenberg ◽

Johannes A Bogaards ◽

Audrey J King ◽

Hester E de Melker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Population Level ◽

Second Order ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Heterosexual Men ◽

Hpv 16 ◽

Vaccination Programs ◽

Hpv Types

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs achieve substantial population-level impact, with effects extending beyond protection of vaccinated individuals. We assessed trends in HPV prevalence up to 8 years postvaccination among men and women in the Netherlands, where bivalent HPV vaccination, targeting HPV types 16/18, has been offered to (pre)adolescent girls since 2009 with moderate vaccination coverage. Methods We used data from the PASSYON study, a survey initiated in 2009 (prevaccination) and repeated biennially among 16- to 24-year-old visitors of sexual health centers. We studied genital HPV positivity from 2009 to 2017 among women, heterosexual men, and unvaccinated women using Poisson generalized estimating equation models, adjusted for individual- and population-level confounders. Trends were studied for 25 HPV types detected by the SPF10-LiPA25 platform. Results A total of 6354 women (64.7% self-reported unvaccinated) and 2414 heterosexual men were included. Percentual declines in vaccine types HPV-16/18 were observed for all women (12.6% per year [95% confidence interval {CI}, 10.6–14.5]), heterosexual men (13.0% per year [95% CI, 8.3–17.5]), and unvaccinated women (5.4% per year [95% CI, 2.9–7.8]). We observed significant declines in HPV-31 (all women and heterosexual men), HPV-45 (all women), and in all high-risk HPV types pooled (all women and heterosexual men). Significant increases were observed for HPV-56 (all women) and HPV-52 (unvaccinated women). Conclusions Our results provide evidence for first-order herd effects among heterosexual men against HPV-16/18 and cross-protective types. Additionally, we show second-order herd effects against vaccine types among unvaccinated women. These results are promising regarding population-level and clinical impact of girls-only bivalent HPV vaccination in a country with moderate vaccine uptake.

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Skin and Mucosal Human Papillomavirus Seroprevalence in Persons with Fanconi Anemia

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00665-14 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 413-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Rachel A. Katzenellenbogen ◽

Joseph J. Carter ◽

Joshua E. Stern ◽

Melinda S. Butsch Kovacic ◽

Parinda A. Mehta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Fanconi Anemia ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Low Risk ◽

Luminex Assay ◽

History Of ◽

Hpv Types ◽

And Behavior

ABSTRACTPersons with Fanconi anemia (FA) are at risk for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers; however, their natural HPV exposure and infection rates are unknown as is the adequacy with which they mount antibodies to HPV vaccination. This study aimed to determine, in 62 persons with FA, the seroprevalence of skin and mucosal HPV types, the seroprevalence in individuals self-reporting a history of HPV vaccination, and the factors associated with HPV seropositivity. A bead Luminex assay was used to determine seropositivity for HPV1, -2, and -4 (low-risk skin), -6 and -11 (low-risk mucosal, included in one HPV vaccine), -16 and -18 (high-risk mucosal, included in both HPV vaccines), and -52 and -58 (high-risk mucosal). Health- and behavior-related questionnaires were completed. Type-specific seroprevalence estimates and participant characteristics associated with seroprevalence were calculated; 48% reported HPV vaccination. Type-specific seropositivity in unvaccinated persons ranged from 7 to 21% for skin HPV types and 7 to 38% for mucosal HPV types. Among the unvaccinated participants, adults versus children demonstrated increased HPV1, -6, -16, and -58 seroprevalence of 45% versus 6%, 64% versus 22%, 64% versus 17%, and 36% versus 0%, respectively (allP< 0.05). The vaccinated participants versus the nonvaccinated participants demonstrated increased seroprevalence of HPV6, -11, -16, and -18 of 92% versus 38%, 92% versus 24%, 96% versus 34%, and 75% versus 7%, respectively (allP< 0.0001). Our data demonstrate that the unvaccinated participants had serologic evidence of prior skin and mucosal HPV infections and that seroprevalence increased among adults; in self-reported vaccinees, seroprevalence of HPV vaccine types was 75 to 96%.

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Human Papillomavirus Types 2, 27, and 57 Identified in Plantar Verrucae from HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Individuals

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association ◽

10.7547/0003-0538-104.2.141 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 104 (2) ◽

pp. 141-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Christy M. King ◽

James S. Johnston ◽

Kene Ofili ◽

Maylynn Tam ◽

Joel Palefsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Hpv Typing ◽

Predominant Type ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Study Population ◽

Hpv Types ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Insight Into ◽

Hiv Negative

Background Although an increased prevalence of plantar verrucae has been associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, human papillomavirus (HPV) typing studies have not been published about this patient population. We sought to determine the prevalence of HPV types in plantar verrucae of HIV-positive (HIV+) and HIV-negative (HIV–) individuals. Methods Thirty-nine plantar verruca lesions in 17 individuals were examined. Nine participants were HIV+ and eight were HIV–. Detection of HPV was performed by polymerase chain reaction using two sets of primers: MY09/MY11. The type of HPV was determined by hybridization to 38 different HPV types. Clinical types of verrucae were correlated to the HPV strain identified in each lesion. Results Of the 39 plantar verruca samples, 38 typed to HPV-2, HPV-27, and HPV-57 strains in HIV+ and HIV– individuals. Specifically, a large proportion of the samples from HIV– individuals typed as HPV-27 (87.5%), and HPV-2 was the predominant type identified in HIV+ individuals (50%). No rare or atypical HPV types were found in either group. We identified HPV-2 and HPV-27 in 96% of verruca plantaris clinical type. Mosaic warts typed to HPV-27 and HPV-57, and 80% of punctate verrucae typed to HPV-57. Conclusions This study presents an increased prevalence of HPV-2, HPV-27, and HPV-57 in plantar verrucae in this study population and provides insight into the occurrence of these types in HIV+ and HIV– individuals.

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Detection of Human Papillomavirus Types 6 and 11 in Pubic and Perianal Hair from Patients with Genital Warts

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.37.7.2270-2273.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 37 (7) ◽

pp. 2270-2273 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Ingeborg L. A. Boxman ◽

Arjan Hogewoning ◽

Linda H. C. Mulder ◽

Jan Nico Bouwes Bavinck ◽

Jan ter Schegget

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Genital Warts ◽

Pubic Hair ◽

Anogenital Warts ◽

Perianal Region ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Hair Samples ◽

History Of ◽

Hpv Types

Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 are of clinical importance due to their role in the development of anogenital warts. A pilot study was performed to investigate whether DNAs from HPV types 6 and 11 are present in hairs plucked from the pubic and perianal regions and eyebrows of patients with genital warts at present and patients with a recent history of genital warts. Genital HPV DNA was detected in 9 of 25 (36%) pubic hair samples and in 11 of 22 (50%) perianal hair samples by the CPI/CPIIg PCR. After sequencing of 17 of 20 samples, HPV type 6 or 11 was detected in 6 of 25 (24%) hair samples from the pubis and 8 of 22 (36%) hair samples from the perianal region. These types were not detected in plucked eyebrow hairs. In contrast, the HPV types associated with epidermodysplasia verruciformis were detected in similar proportions (62%) in both samples of pubic and eyebrow hairs. Moreover, HPV type 6 and 11 DNAs were detected in pubic hairs plucked from two patients who had been successfully treated and who did not show any lesion at the time of hair collection; this finding is an argument that HPV DNA may persist in this region. The presence of genital HPV types in plucked pubic and perianal hair suggests that there is an endogenous reservoir for HPV which may play a role in the recurrences of genital warts.

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Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Rural Northwest Cameroon

OTO Open ◽

10.1177/2473974x18818415 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 2473974X1881841

Author(s):

Eleni M. Rettig ◽

Zhen Gooi ◽

Richard Bardin ◽

Mesele Bogale ◽

Lisa Rooper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Case Series ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Future Research ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Population ◽

Oral Hpv ◽

Hpv Types

Objective Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the precursor for a growing subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) in the developed world. This study was designed to characterize oral HPV infection and OPSCC in a region with high rates of HPV-driven cervical cancer. Study Design Cross-sectional cohort study, retrospective case series. Setting Northwest Cameroon referral hospital. Subjects and Methods Individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus attending an outpatient clinic were evaluated for oral HPV infection with oral swabs or rinses that were tested for 51 HPV types. HNSCCs diagnosed and/or treated at the same hospital from 2011 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed to ascertain demographic and tumor characteristics, and available OPSCCs were tested for HPV. Results The oral HPV infection study population comprised 101 participants. Most (69%) were female and never-smokers (84%). Participants had median 4 lifetime sexual partners (interquartile range, 3-7; range, 1-100). Five participants (5%) had oral HPV infection; one had 2 HPV types. HPV types detected were HPV68 (n = 2), HPV82 (n = 2), HPV32 (n = 1), and unknown (n = 1). No significant demographic or behavioral differences were detected among individuals with vs without oral HPV infection. OPSCCs comprised just 8% (n = 11) of 131 HNSCCs in the retrospective study population. Two of 7 OPSCCs were HPV positive. Conclusion The low prevalence of OPSCC observed in northwest Cameroon together with the rarity of oral HPV infection suggests low rates of HPV-driven oropharyngeal carcinogenesis in the region. Future research should examine how geographic differences in oral HPV infection are influenced by cultural norms and affect HPV-OPSCC epidemiology.

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Evidence of ancient papillomavirus recombination

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.81917-0 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 87 (9) ◽

pp. 2527-2531 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Arvind Varsani ◽

Eric van der Walt ◽

Livio Heath ◽

Edward P. Rybicki ◽

Anna Lise Williamson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Full Genome ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Aids Epidemic ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

History Of ◽

Hpv Types ◽

Open Question

An open question amongst papillomavirus taxonomists is whether recombination has featured in the evolutionary history of these viruses. Since the onset of the global AIDS epidemic, the question is somewhat less academic, because immune-compromised human immunodeficiency virus patients are often co-infected with extraordinarily diverse mixtures of human papillomavirus (HPV) types. It is expected that these conditions may facilitate the emergence of HPV recombinants, some of which might have novel pathogenic properties. Here, a range of rigorous analyses is applied to full-genome sequences of papillomaviruses to provide convincing statistical and phylogenetic evidence that evolutionarily relevant papillomavirus recombination can occur.

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Dynamics of human papillomavirus serology in women followed up for 36 months after pregnancy

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.007823-0 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 90 (6) ◽

pp. 1515-1526 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Stina Syrjänen ◽

Tim Waterboer ◽

Marja Sarkola ◽

Kristina Michael ◽

Marjut Rintala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Sexual Partners ◽

Smoking History ◽

Lifetime Number ◽

Number Of Sexual Partners ◽

History Of ◽

Hpv Types ◽

Multiplex Serology

We determined L1 antibodies for human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, 18 and 45 by multiplex serology in our prospective HPV family study. We report seroprevalence, seroconversion and antibody decay in 290 women (mean age, 25.5 years) sampled before delivery and at 12, 24 and 36 months of follow-up. Multiplex HPV genotyping of the baseline oral and genital scrapings was performed. At baseline, seroprevalence of HPV 6, 11, 16, 18 and 45 was 53.3, 21.5, 34.9, 21.5 and 9.0 %, respectively. Seropositivity for low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) was associated significantly with age at onset of sexual activity (P=0.001), number of sexual partners until age 20 (P=0.018), lifetime number of sexual partners (P=0.0001), history of genital warts (P=0.0001) and being seropositive for high-risk (HR) HPV (P=0.0001). The same covariates also predicted seropositivity for HR-HPV. During follow-up, 26.7, 13.9, 17.0, 16.8 and 6.6 % of the women seroconverted to L1 antigen of HPV 6, 11, 16, 18 and 45, respectively, between 18.2 and 23.8 months. Independent predictors of seroconversion to LR-HPV were unemployment (P=0.019) and absence of anal sex practice (P=0.031), and to HR-HPV, absence of smoking history and lifetime number of sexual partners. Decay of HPV 6, 11, 16, 18 and 45 antibodies was observed in 2.3, 4.0, 5.3, 4.5 and 1.5 % of the women, respectively, with decay time varying from 27.2 to 35.8 months. These data imply that (i) a substantial proportion of young women are seropositive for both LR- and HR-HPV types, (ii) they frequently undergo seroconversion within 18–24 months, predicted by common covariates, and (iii) antibody decay over 3 years is rare.

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Sexually Transmitted and Other Genital Infections in Women With Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/s1064744995000342 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 67-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

B. Sikström ◽

D. Hellberg ◽

S. Nilsson ◽

I. Kallings ◽

P.-A. Mårdh

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Vaginal Candidiasis ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Human Papillomavirus Infection ◽

Papillomavirus Infection ◽

Lifetime Number ◽

Number Of Sexual Partners ◽

History Of ◽

Study Population ◽

Cervical Human Papillomavirus

Objective:We investigated possible correlations between latent cervical human papillomavirus infection (CHPI) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).Methods:Of 972 randomly selected women attending 2 family planning clinics and a youth clinic who had agreed to participate in a study concerning STDs, 66 (6.8%) had latent CHPI.Results:An association was found between latent CHPI on one hand and a history of genital chlamydial infection, gonorrhea, recurrent vaginal candidiasis, cervicitis, or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) on the other, while no correlation between latent CHPI and coexistent STDs was found. No correlation of latent CHPI to either current or past genital warts was noted. In multifactorial analyses, which included the lifetime number of sexual partners and age at first intercourse, we found that all significant associations except a history of gonorrhea vanished.Conclusions:In this study population, screening for other current STDs in women with latent CHPI would be of limited value.

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