scholarly journals Rapid screening of RNA silencing suppressors by using a recombinant virus derived from beet necrotic yellow vein virus

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 2536-2541 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Guilley ◽  
D. Bortolamiol ◽  
G. Jonard ◽  
S. Bouzoubaa ◽  
V. Ziegler-Graff
Keyword(s):  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Silencing Suppressor ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Plant Defence Mechanisms

To counteract plant defence mechanisms, plant viruses have evolved to encode RNA silencing suppressor (RSS) proteins. These proteins can be identified by a range of silencing suppressor assays. Here, we describe a simple method using beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) that allows a rapid screening of RSS activity. The viral inoculum consisted of BNYVV RNA1, which encodes proteins involved in viral replication, and two BNYVV-derived replicons: rep3–P30, which expresses the movement protein P30 of tobacco mosaic virus, and rep5–X, which allows the expression of a putative RSS (X). This approach has been validated through the use of several known RSSs. Two potential candidates have been tested and we show that, in our system, the P13 protein of burdock mottle virus displays RSS activity while the P0 protein of cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV does not.

scholarly journals The Coat Protein of Citrus Yellow Vein Clearing Virus Interacts with Viral Movement Proteins and Serves as an RNA Silencing Suppressor

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atta Ur Rehman ◽  
Zhuoran Li ◽  
Zuokun Yang ◽  
Muhammad Waqas ◽  
Guoping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Triple Gene Block ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Silencing Suppressor ◽  
Vein Clearing ◽  
Rna Silencing Suppressor ◽  
Viral Movement

Citrus yellow vein clearing virus is a newly accepted member of the genus Mandarivirus in the family Alphaflexiviridae. The triple gene block proteins (TGBp1, TGBp2 and TGBp3) encoded by plant viruses in this family function on facilitating virus movement. However, the protein function of citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) have never been explored. Here, we showed in both yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence (BiFC) assays that the coat protein (CP), TGBp1 and TGBp2 of CYVCV are self-interacting. Its CP also interacts with all three TGB proteins, and TGBp1 and TGBp2 interact with each other but not with TGBp3. Furthermore, the viral CP colocalizes with TGBp1 and TGBp3 at the plasmodesmata (PD) of epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, and TGBp1 can translocate TGBp2 from granular-like structures embedded within ER networks to the PD. The results suggest that these proteins could coexist at the PD of epidermal cells of N. benthamiana. Using Agrobacterium infiltration-mediated RNA silencing assays, we show that CYVCV CP is a strong RNA silencing suppressor (RSS) triggered by positive-sense green fluorescent protein (GFP) RNA. The presented results provide insights for further revealing the mechanism of the viral movement and suppression of RNA silencing.

Characterization of an RNA silencing suppressor encoded by maize yellow dwarf virus-RMV2

Virus Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Xia Zhao ◽  
Qing Dong ◽  
Benguo Zhou ◽  
Zhengliang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Silencing Suppressor ◽  
Rna Silencing Suppressor ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

scholarly journals Deciphering the RNA Silencing Suppressor Function in the Potyvirus SPV2

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Ornela Chase ◽  
Giannina Bambaren ◽  
Juan José López-Moya
Keyword(s):  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Silencing Suppressor ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Rna Silencing Suppressor

In most eukaryotes, RNA silencing is a key element in the regulation of gene expression and defense against pathogens. Plants have developed a defensive barrier against exogenous microorganisms, such as plant-infecting viruses, by specifically targeting and degrading the viral RNAs and thus limiting the negative effects of the diseases caused by them. On the other hand, plant viruses encode for suppressor proteins that repress the host-silencing machinery, hence allowing viral replication and infection establishment. Our current project focuses on the characterization of gene products contributing to the RNA silencing suppressor (RSS) function of Sweet potato virus 2 (SPV2), genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae. SPV2 infects sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas, family Convolvulaceae), one of the most important staple food crops worldwide. Infections by potyvirids result in the high yield losses of sweet potatoes, especially from coinfection with unrelated viruses, and our final goal is to develop efficient control strategies. Our preliminary results analyzing the P1 and HCPro proteases of SPV2, transiently expressed in N. benthamiana together with a reporter GFP construct, revealed that HCPro constitutes a strong RSS. This is a novel finding, and we are currently characterizing the functions of other gene products.

scholarly journals The Cucumber vein yellowing virus Silencing Suppressor P1b Can Functionally Replace HCPro in Plum pox virus Infection in a Host-Specific Manner

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Carbonell ◽  
Gabriela Dujovny ◽  
Juan Antonio García ◽  
Adrian Valli
Keyword(s):  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Natural Host ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Silencing Suppressor ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Silencing Suppression ◽  
Yellowing Virus

Plant viruses of the genera Potyvirus and Ipomovirus (Potyviridae family) use unrelated RNA silencing suppressors (RSS) to counteract antiviral RNA silencing responses. HCPro is the RSS of Potyvirus spp., and its activity is enhanced by the upstream P1 protein. Distinctively, the ipomovirus Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV) lacks HCPro but contains two P1 copies in tandem (P1aP1b), the second of which functions as RSS. Using chimeras based on the potyvirus Plum pox virus (PPV), we found that P1b can functionally replace HCPro in potyviral infections of Nicotiana plants. Interestingly, P1a, the CVYV protein homologous to potyviral P1, disrupted the silencing suppression activity of P1b and reduced the infection efficiency of PPV in Nicotiana benthamiana. Testing the influence of RSS in host specificity, we found that a P1b-expressing chimera poorly infected PPV's natural host, Prunus persica. Conversely, P1b conferred on PPV chimeras the ability to replicate locally in cucumber, CVYV's natural host. The deleterious effect of P1a on PPV infection is host dependent, because the P1aP1b-expressing PPV chimera accumulated in cucumber to higher levels than PPV expressing P1b alone. These results demonstrate that a potyvirus can use different RSS, and that particular RSS and upstream P1-like proteins contribute to defining the virus host range.

scholarly journals Bać się czy się nie bać? Bioakumulacja, bioindykacja i toksyczność metali ciężkich Rośliny w świetle badań terenowych i laboratoryjnych

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-253
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Nadgórska-Socha
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Plant Defence Mechanisms

Heavy metals that pose a threat to the environment include lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and mercury (Hg). Biomonitoring of environmental quality using plants is widely accepted as a reliable and inexpensive way of obtaining information on contamination also by heavy metals. It allows the assessment of the direction of changes in the natural environment and development of prognoses and methods for early warning related to predicted transformations in ecosystems. This paper presents the results of field and laboratory studies on floristic biodiversity in the areas of southern Poland related to extraction and processing of Zn and Pb ores. The paper also shows the selected plant defence mechanisms against the excess of heavy metals and the results of bioindication studies using different plant species, including the selected metallophytes related to the assessment of contamination levels and the most frequently used plant ecophysiological parameters. It is necessary to monitor contamination level, popularize knowledge and take action at the level of local authorities to mitigate adverse effects of human activity, bearing in mind possible bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the food chain and the adverse health effects associated with environmental contamination.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of Bacillus endophytic strains producers for non ribosomal lipopeptides NRLPs from tomato

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Walaa Hussein ◽  
Ramadan WA ◽  
Sameh Fahim
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Plant Defence Mechanisms

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are consid­ered one of the most important vegetable crops and infected by numbers of different diseases. Studying the use of biological alternatives, instead of chemical substances against plant diseases became necessary for the treatment by beneficial microorganisms endophytes, which can excrete natural products benefits to plant in reducing disease severity, promoting growth and inducing plant defence mechanisms. In this work, three endophytes strains were isolated from tomato stems and their 16srDNA have been found to belong to Bacillus species. The first strain was named BMG100, the second BMG101 and the third BMG102. Two Bacillus strains BMG100 and BMG101 have been found to harbour synthetases genes from three lipopeptides families; surfactin, plipastatin, and iturin (mycosubtilin) which can be detected by degenerated primers designed to detect the presence of synthetases genes encoding lipopeptides. The lipopeptides production was proved by their quantification using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), whereas BMG100 produced 105, 178 and 293 mg/L of plipastatin, mycosubtilin and surfactin, respectively, BMG101 produced 385 mg/L of surfactin and 236 mg/L of mycosubtilin, while BMG102 showed no lipopeptides production. Keywords: Tomato; Endophytic bacteria; Lipopeptides; Bacillus species

scholarly journals Plant Defence Mechanisms Are Modulated by the Circadian System

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Ghazala Rauf Butt ◽  
Zainab Abdul Qayyum ◽  
Matthew Alan Jones
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Circadian System ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Plant Defence Mechanisms

Plant health is an important aspect of food security, with pathogens, pests, and herbivores all contributing to yield losses in crops. Plants’ defence against pathogens is complex and utilises several metabolic processes, including the circadian system, to coordinate their response. In this review, we examine how plants’ circadian rhythms contribute to defence mechanisms, particularly in response to bacterial pathogen attack. Circadian rhythms contribute to many aspects of the plant–pathogen interaction, although significant gaps in our understanding remain to be explored. We conclude that if these relationships are explored further, better disease management strategies could be revealed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document