scholarly journals Prion protein gene polymorphisms in healthy and scrapie-affected sheep in Greece

2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalambos Billinis ◽  
Vassilios Psychas ◽  
Leonidas Leontides ◽  
Vassiliki Spyrou ◽  
Stamatis Argyroudis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prion Protein ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Chios Sheep ◽  
Prp Gene ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Clinical Cases

A total of 216 local crossbred sheep from 16 scrapie-affected Greek flocks and 210 purebred sheep of the milk breeds Chios and Karagouniko from healthy flocks were analysed for scrapie-linked polymorphisms in the prion protein (PrP) gene. Of the 216 sheep in this case–control study, 96 sheep were clinical cases, 25 subclinical cases (asymptomatic at the moment of euthanasia but positive by histopathology and/or ELISA detecting proteinase-resistant PrP) and 95 healthy controls (negative by all evaluations). Polymorphisms at codons 136, 154 and 171 were determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, followed by RFLP and sequencing. Scrapie, both clinical and subclinical, was associated with the genotypes ARQ/ARQ (88 of 110 sheep of that genotype), ARQ/TRQ (9 of 13), ARQ/AHQ (15 of 38) and VRQ/VRQ (9 of 17). Histopathological lesions were more severe in the clinical cases. Genotypes ARQ/ARR (26 sheep), ARQ/ARK (seven sheep), AHQ/ARR (one sheep), ARH/ARH (one sheep) and ARR/ARH (three sheep) were detected exclusively in healthy control sheep. In the purebred survey, four genotypes were present in the Chios sheep (ARQ/ARQ, ARQ/TRQ, ARQ/AHQ and ARQ/ARR) and four in the Karagouniko sheep (ARQ/ARQ, ARQ/AHQ, ARQ/ARR and ARQ/ARH).

scholarly journals Detecting prion protein gene mutations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Fink ◽  
Michael L. Peacock ◽  
James T. Warren ◽  
Allen D. Roses ◽  
Stanley B. Prusiner
Keyword(s):  
Prion Protein ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Prion Protein Gene ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

Changes in Fecal and Colonic Mucosal Microbiota of Patients with Refractory Constipation after a Subtotal Colectomy

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Feng ◽  
Yong Su ◽  
Jun Jiang ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Weiwei Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subtotal Colectomy ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Bacterial Groups

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in gut microbiota of patients with refractory constipation 6 months after a subtotal colectomy. Feces and mucosal samples of five healthy volunteers and 17 patients with refractory constipation before and six months after subtotal colectomy were collected. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and polymerase chain reaction techniques were used for quantitative analysis of main bacterial groups and archeal methanogens. No significant differences were found in the DGGE profiles among the three groups. After subtotal colectomy, a significantly decreased similarity coefficient was observed in the fecal. The Shannon diversity indices had no significant differences among the three groups. The numbers of predominant bacteria (Bacteriodetes, Clostridium coccoides group, and Clostridium leptum group) did not significantly change in patients before and after surgery compared with healthy control subjects, and the number of total bacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteriodetes, and Clostridium leptum group bacteria in the feces decreased after surgery. However, the numbers of these bacteria remained the same in mucosa from postoperative patients. The numbers of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli in feces and the number of Bifidobacteria in mucosa were significantly lower in preoperative compared with healthy control subjects and increased after the surgery. The number of methanogens in the mucosa was decreased in preoperative patients but returned to normal levels postoperatively. In conclusion, although there was no difference in the structure of the predominant bacteria between refractory constipated patients and healthy control subjects, the number of probiotics ( Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli) was significantly lower in refractory constipated patients. However, subtotal colectomy can significantly normalize the number of intestinal flora.

scholarly journals Indoor bacteria and asthma in adults: a multicentre case–control study within ECRHS II

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 1701241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Pekkanen ◽  
Maria Valkonen ◽  
Martin Täubel ◽  
Christina Tischer ◽  
Hanna Leppänen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
International Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Environmental Bacteria ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Prevalent Asthma ◽  
Control Study

Both protective and adverse effects of indoor microbial exposure on asthma have been reported, but mostly in children. To date, no study in adults has used non-targeted methods for detection of indoor bacteria followed by quantitative confirmation.A cross-sectional study of 198 asthmatic and 199 controls was conducted within the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) II. DNA was extracted from mattress dust for bacterial analysis using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Selected bands were sequenced and associations with asthma confirmed with four quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays.15 out of 37 bands detected with DGGE, which had at least a suggestive association (p<0.25) with asthma, were sequenced. Of the four targeted qPCRs,Clostridiumcluster XI confirmed the protective association with asthma. The association was dose dependent (aOR 0.43 (95% CI 0.22–0.84) for the fourthversusfirst quartile, p for trend 0.009) and independent of other microbial markers. Few significant associations were observed for the three other qPCRs used.In this large international study, the level ofClostridiumcluster XI was independently associated with a lower risk of prevalent asthma. Results suggest the importance of environmental bacteria also in adult asthma, but need to be confirmed in future studies.

scholarly journals Identification of prion protein gene polymorphisms in goats from Italian scrapie outbreaks

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 1029-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Acutis ◽  
A. Bossers ◽  
J. Priem ◽  
M. V. Riina ◽  
S. Peletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prion Protein ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Silent Mutation ◽  
Prion Protein Gene ◽  
Control Study

Susceptibility to scrapie in sheep is influenced by polymorphisms of the prion protein (PrP) gene, whereas no strong association between genetics and scrapie has yet been determined in goats due to the limited number of studies on these animals. In this case–control study on 177 goats from six Italian scrapie outbreaks, the association between PrP alleles and the occurrence of scrapie was studied. Three silent mutations and 11 PrP polymorphisms were identified, of which two polymorphisms (L133Q and M137I) and one silent mutation (T202T) have not been reported previously. Twelve alleles were determined by cloning. Statistical analysis suggested a possible protective role against scrapie for the glutamine to lysine mutation at codon 222.

scholarly journals Virus Succession Observed during an Emiliania huxleyi Bloom

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 2484-2490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Declan C. Schroeder ◽  
Joanne Oke ◽  
Matthew Hall ◽  
Gillian Malin ◽  
William H. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Major Capsid Protein ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
Capsid Protein Gene ◽  
Western Norway ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Major Capsid Protein Gene

ABSTRACT Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used as a molecular tool to determine the diversity and to monitor population dynamics of viruses that infect the globally important coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi. We exploited variations in the major capsid protein gene from E. huxleyi-specific viruses to monitor their genetic diversity during an E. huxleyi bloom in a mesocosm experiment off western Norway. We reveal that, despite the presence of several virus genotypes at the start of an E. huxleyi bloom, only a few virus genotypes eventually go on to kill the bloom.

scholarly journals Prion protein gene polymorphisms in healthy and scrapie-affected Spanish sheep

2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 2103-2110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Acín ◽  
Inmaculada Martín-Burriel ◽  
Wilfred Goldmann ◽  
Jaber Lyahyai ◽  
Marta Monzón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Prion Protein ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Haplotype Frequency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Healthy Sheep ◽  
Gene Open Reading Frame ◽  
Prp Gene

The Rasa Aragonesa sheep is the second most important Spanish breed after the Merino breed. Reported here is the prion protein (PrP) haplotype frequency distribution for scrapie-related codons (136, 154 and 171) and a sequencing study of the complete PrP gene open reading frame for this breed and six other closely related breeds. The study includes four scrapie-affected sheep flocks belonging to Rasa Aragonesa and Rasa Navarra breeds. Thirty-eight scrapie-affected sheep, 502 healthy sheep from scrapie-affected flocks and 905 sheep from a breed survey were genotyped. The most frequent PrP haplotype in both scrapie and healthy flocks was ARQ, which was found at significantly higher frequency in scrapie-affected sheep. The susceptibility-associated VRQ haplotype was found at low frequencies in six out of eight breeds, but was not present in the 38 scrapie-affected sheep. The resistance-associated ARR haplotype was found in all breeds except one (Ojinegra) at frequencies ⩾14 %. Fourteen amino acid polymorphisms were detected in these Spanish sheep, including the known amino acid substitutions at codons 112, 136, 141, 143, 154, 171 and 176, and new polymorphisms at codons 101 (Q→R), 151 (R→G), 151 (R→H), 172 (Y→D) and 175 (Q→E). Most of the novel polymorphic codons show frequencies lower than 5 %.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ALLELE POOL OF THE ROMANOV SHEEP BREED FOR THE PRION PROTEIN GENE ASSOCIATED WITH GENETIC SUSTAINABILITY TO SCRAPIE

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157-1165
Author(s):  
E.A. Gladyr ◽  
◽  
T.E. Deniskova ◽  
V.A. Bagirov ◽  
O.V. Kostyunina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prion Protein ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Sheep Breed ◽  
Prion Protein Gene ◽  
Allele Pool
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