scholarly journals Assessment for Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions of China’s Vehicles: Future Trends and Policy Implications

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Wu ◽  
Peng Zhao ◽  
Hongwei Zhang ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Guozhu Mao
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Auto Industry ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Emission Standard ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
New Energy

In the recent years, China’s auto industry develops rapidly, thus bringing a series of burdens to society and environment. This paper uses Logistic model to simulate the future trend of China’s vehicle population and finds that China’s auto industry would come into high speed development time during 2020–2050. Moreover, this paper predicts vehicles’ fuel consumption and exhaust emissions (CO, HC, NOx, and PM) and quantificationally evaluates related industry policies. It can be concluded that (1) by 2020, China should develop at least 47 million medium/heavy hybrid cars to prevent the growth of vehicle fuel consumption; (2) China should take the more stringent vehicle emission standard V over 2017–2021 to hold back the growth of exhaust emissions; (3) developing new energy vehicles is the most effective measure to ease the pressure brought by auto industry.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN PEMAKAIAN ROCKER ARM KONVENSIONAL DENGAN ROCKER ARM ROLLER BEARING PADA SEPEDA MOTOR

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-319
Author(s):  
Jusnita
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Roller Bearing ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Valve Mechanism ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
A Value ◽  
Technological Developments

  Roller Rocker Arm is important for transmitting signals and determining work efficiency which is the result of technological developments from ordinary rocker arms. The purpose of this study was to compare the use of conventional rocker arm with rocker arm roller on power, torque, exhaust emissions, compression on a motorcycle engine. The research method used is changing the fuel system, ignition system, changing the valve mechanism. The maximum torque on the conventional rocker arm occurs at 2995 rpm with a value of 10.92 Nm. Maximum torque decreases with increasing engine speed. The decrease in power at high speed occurs due to the influence of the volume of the fuel and air mixture which tends to decrease. The highest fuel consumption occurs at 7000 rpm engine speed in a conventional rocker arm of 0.124 kg/kWh, so the rocker arm roller is more efficient than the conventional rocker arm. Fuel consumption rocker arm roller rotation 7000 rpm 0.028 kg/kWh. While the conventional rocker arm fuel consumption at 7000 rpm 0.124 kg/kWh. Exhaust emissions, the rocker arm roller is environmentally friendly compared to the conventional rocker arm CO2 rocker arm roller only produces 5.2%, while the conventional rocker arm test results after the average CO2 value reaches 5.3%. The results of testing the two rocker arms on compression are the same at 90 Psi and 6.2kg/ from the standard size of 10-11kg/  

scholarly journals Evaluation of Medium Speed Diesel generator sets and energy storage technologies as alternatives for reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions in electric propulsion systems for PSVs

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian A. Morales Vásquez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
High Speed Diesel ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
Generator Sets

The use of electric propulsion systems in PSVs in Brazil has recently increased, leading to be the standard for most support vessels. In those ships, the common arrangement uses high speed Diesel generator sets for power generation and induction motors driving propellers, reporting significant reductions in the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions compared with mechanically propelled PSVs. However, further abatements in these parameters could be achieved by implementing other technologies for power production. In this work, the use of medium- speed Diesel generator sets and energy storage technologies in electrically propelled PSVs is evaluated. For the above, the fuel consumption, exhaust emissions, mass, volume and acquisition costs of four arrangements are estimated and compared. Two of the arrangements are equipped with medium-speed Diesel generator sets, two with energy storage units and one with high-speed Diesel generator sets. Energy storage appears as interesting alternative for decreasing fuel consumption and emissions by optimal loading of Diesel engines. Medium speed generators also showed reductions in fuel consumption, but highest emissions. The arrangements with high-speed generators presented the lowest mass, volume and acquisition costs. 

Factors Affecting Driver Injury Severity in the Wrong-Way Crash: Accounting for Potential Heterogeneity in Means and Variances of Random Parameters

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110098
Author(s):  
Miao Yu ◽  
Jinxing Shen ◽  
Changxi Ma
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Random Parameter ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Severity Levels

Because of the high percentage of fatalities and severe injuries in wrong-way driving (WWD) crashes, numerous studies have focused on identifying contributing factors to the occurrence of WWD crashes. However, a limited number of research effort has investigated the factors associated with driver injury-severity in WWD crashes. This study intends to bridge the gap using a random parameter logit model with heterogeneity in means and variances approach that can account for the unobserved heterogeneity in the data set. Police-reported crash data collected from 2014 to 2017 in North Carolina are used. Four injury-severity levels are defined: fatal injury, severe injury, possible injury, and no injury. Explanatory variables, including driver characteristics, roadway characteristics, environmental characteristics, and crash characteristics, are used. Estimation results demonstrate that factors, including the involvement of alcohol, rural area, principal arterial, high speed limit (>60 mph), dark-lighted conditions, run-off-road collision, and head-on collision, significantly increase the severity levels in WWD crashes. Several policy implications are designed and recommended based on findings.

High-speed railway and tourism development in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 135481662199852
Author(s):  
Shujie Yao ◽  
Xu Yan ◽  
Chun Kwok Lei ◽  
Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Transportation Mode ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Model Cities ◽  
Large Panel ◽  
Research Findings

High-speed railway (HSR) is a new and increasingly popular transportation mode in China bringing about a significant impact on the economy, including tourism development. This article investigates the effect of HSR on tourism development in China based on a time-varying difference-in-differences model. Cities connected by HSR in 2013 and 2014 are regarded as the treatment group, while those without HSR services until 2017 are placed in the control group. The empirical analyses cover a large panel dataset comprising 163 cities in 2009–2017. The empirical results suggest that both domestic tourism revenue and tourist number are positively affected by HSR, and the effect is stronger for the undeveloped or geopolitically less important regions such as the inland or prefecture-level cities. Other relevant determinants of tourism include the availability of airports and the number of hotels in the cities. Our research findings have important policy implications for tourism development in China with respect to HSR.

Research on Mode of after-Sale Reverse Logistics Operation of Auto Maintenance Industry Based on Time Window

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 4635-4639
Author(s):  
Hao Hao ◽  
Xing Gen Wu ◽  
Hong Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Reverse Logistics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Auto Industry ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Safety Testing ◽  
Internal Operations ◽  
Evaluation Mechanism

The author maintains that, with the quick development of domestic auto industry, the auto maintenance industry is progressing with high speed accordingly. The auto maintenance enterprise are inclined to focus on sales and forward supply chain operation, however, lacking of efficient resource and systematic management into reverse logistics operation, as lead to a few potential risks. In order to avoid and control the risks, the auto maintenance companies need to closely cooperate with channel supply chain partners, meanwhile build up the mode of reverse logistics operation with timing efficiency orientation. This mode consists of eight sub-system modules: organization structure, network planning and layout, reverse logistics operation procedure, time window evaluation mechanism, automatic replenishment system, reverse forecasting system, Kan-ban message system as well as disposal & reuse system. Furthermore, the article makes analysis of the internal operations and external relevance of these eight sub-systems. In recent years, with the overall opening up of road transport market and the rapid growth in domestic economy, the total number of China’s motor vehicles is entering a high-speed growth channel, and “the car goes to the country” policy further promotes the auto industry. Under the situation of quick development, the auto maintenance industry is developing by 10% to 15% each year as a young profession. According to the statistics, there are over 380,000 auto maintenance enterprises in our country at the moment, and various types of auto safety testing stations are built around one after another. The intense competition among auto maintenance manufacturing enterprises does not only focus on product quality, but also on the after-market reverse logistics. According to the statics of Gartner, 70 percent of resale is related with sales service, and 60 percent of resale is related with after market. However, except for few leading business enterprises which have realized the direct influence and value contribution of after-service reverse logistics to profit increase and customer loyalty and take action to pioneer the profit territory in the after-sale reverse logistics, the ‘price war’ is still the main competition method which the majority of enterprises adopt in the market.

Influences of vehicles’ fuel consumption and exhaust emissions on the trip cost without late arrival under car-following model

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 1650011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tie-Qiao Tang ◽  
Qiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Time Headway ◽  
Late Arrival ◽  
Car Following Model ◽  
Open Road

In this paper, we use car-following model to explore the influences of the vehicle’s fuel consumption and exhaust emissions on each commuter’s trip cost without late arrival on one open road. Our results illustrate that considering the vehicle’s fuel cost and emission cost only enhances each commuter’s trip cost and the system’s total cost, but has no prominent impacts on his optimal time headway at the origin of each open road under the minimum total cost.

Numerical and Experimental Study on the Impact of Mild Cold EGR on Exhaust Emissions in a Biodiesel Fueled Diesel Engine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Oliveira ◽  
Junfeng Yang ◽  
Jose Sodre
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Ratio Distribution ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This work evaluated the effect of cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on fuel consumption and pollutant emissions from a diesel engine fueled with B8 (a blend of biodiesel and Diesel 8:92%% by volume), experimentally and numerically. Experiments were carried out on a Diesel power generator with varying loads from 5 kW to 35 kW and 10% of cold EGR ratio. Exhaust emissions (e.g. THC, NOX, CO etc.) were measured and evaluated. The results showed mild EGR and low biodiesel content have minor impact of engine specific fuel consumption, fuel conversion efficiency and in-cylinder pressure. Meanwhile, the combination of EGR and biodiesel reduced THC and NOX up to 52% and 59%, which shows promising effect on overcoming the PM-NOX trade-off from diesel engine. A 3D CFD engine model incorporated with detailed biodiesel combustion kinetics and NOx formation kinetics was validated against measured in-cylinder pressure, temperature and engine-out NO emission from diesel engine. This valid model was then employed to investigate the in-cylinder temperature and equivalence ratio distribution that predominate NOx formation. The results showed that the reduction of NOx emission by EGR and biodiesel is obtained by a little reduction of the local in-cylinder temperature and, mainly, by creating comparatively rich combusting mixture.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document