scholarly journals Genome-wide association mapping of correlated traits in cassava: dry matter and total carotenoid content

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Y. Rabbi ◽  
Lovina I. Udoh ◽  
Marnin Wolfe ◽  
Elizabeth Y. Parkes ◽  
Melaku A. Gedil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Mapping ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Tropics

ABSTRACTCassava (Manihot esculenta (L.) Crantz) is a starchy root crop cultivated in the tropics for fresh consumption and commercial processing. Dry matter content and micronutrient density, particularly of provitamin A – traits that are negatively correlated – are among the primary selection objectives in cassava breeding. This study aimed at identifying genetic markers associated with these traits and uncovering the potential underlying cause of their negative correlation – whether linkage and/or pleiotropy. A genome-wide association mapping using 672 clones genotyped at 72,279 SNP loci was carried out. Root yellowness was used indirectly to assess variation in carotenoid content. Two major loci for root yellowness was identified on chromosome 1 at positions 24.1 and 30.5 Mbp. A single locus for dry matter content that co-located with the 24.1 Mbp peak for carotenoid content was identified. Haplotypes at these loci explained a large proportion of the phenotypic variability. Evidence of mega-base-scale linkage disequilibrium around the major loci of the two traits and detection of the major dry matter locus in independent analysis for the white- and yellow-root subpopulations suggests that physical linkage rather that pleiotropy is more likely to be the cause of the negative correlation between the target traits. Moreover, candidate genes for carotenoid (phytoene synthase) and starch biosynthesis (UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and sucrose synthase) occurred in the vicinity of the identified locus at 24.1 Mbp. These findings elucidate on the genetic architecture of carotenoids and dry matter in cassava and provides an opportunity to accelerate genetic improvement of these traits.CORE IDEASCassava, a starchy root crop, is a major source of dietary calories in the tropics.Most varieties consumed are poor in micronutrients, including pro-vitamin A.These two traits are governed by few major loci on chromosome one.Genetic linkage, rather than pleiotropy, is the most likely cause of their negative correlation.

scholarly journals Genome‐Wide Association Mapping of Correlated Traits in Cassava: Dry Matter and Total Carotenoid Content

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Y. Rabbi ◽  
Lovina I. Udoh ◽  
Marnin Wolfe ◽  
Elizabeth Y. Parkes ◽  
Melaku A. Gedil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Mapping ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Correlated Traits ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Genome Wide

scholarly journals Quality characterization, phenolic and carotenoid content of new orange, cream and yellow-fleshed sweetpotato genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Lucimeire Pilon ◽  
Jaqueline S Guedes ◽  
Bruna S Bitencourt ◽  
Raphael Augusto de C Melo ◽  
Larissa PC Vendrame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Β Carotene

ABSTRACT Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) is a root crop grown in many countries. This tuberous root is a source of energy, nutrients, and phytochemicals. In this study, bioactive compounds and physical and physicochemical qualities of sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated. Eight new genotypes of sweetpotato produced by Embrapa Hortaliças (orange-fleshed: MD09026-OF and MD09024-OF; cream-fleshed: MD09011-CF, MD09004-CF, MD10039-CF, and MD10004-CF; yellow-fleshed: MD09017-YF and MD12002-YF) and two cultivars used as controls (Beauregard and Brazlândia Roxa) were evaluated for color, soluble solids, dry matter, phenolic compounds, total carotenoids and β-carotene. Hue angles differed even between those sweetpotatoes with the same flesh color. The orange-fleshed genotypes MD09024-OF, MD09026-OF, and Beauregard, had the lowest L*, showing to be darker than the others. These sweetpotatoes also had the brightest flesh colors with higher C*. The orange-fleshed genotypes MD09026-OF and MD09024-OF were sweeter (10.55oBrix and 9.23oBrix) than Beauregard (5.12oBrix). Brazlândia Roxa had the highest dry matter content (38.05%), followed by the genotypes MD10004-CF, MD09017-YF, MD09026-OF MD10039-CF, and MD09011-CF, which showed similarity, ranging from 32.33% to 29.12%. The highest contents of total carotenoids were found for the orange-fleshed genotypes MD09026-OF (80.06 mg g-1) and MD09024-OF (70.56 mg g-1) and Beauregard (73.12 mg g-1). These same genotypes showed the highest total phenolic compounds (0.815 mg g-1 and 0.686 mg g-1, respectively). MD09026-OF showed the highest content of β-carotene (46.47 mg g-1). MD09026-OF was the most prominent genotype among those evaluated, as it showed the highest total carotenoid, β-carotene, phenolic compounds, and soluble solids content, in addition to a high dry matter content.

scholarly journals THE EVAL UA TION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF RHIZOBIUM LEG UMINOSAR UM STRAINS IN DIFFERENT HOST PLANTS

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Ina Alsiņa ◽  
Anita Anševica ◽  
Laila Dubova ◽  
Inta Dudare ◽  
Maiga Niedrīte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Rhizobium Strains ◽  
Host Plant Specificity

Pot experiments were carried out to investigate the effectiveness of six Rhizobium leguminosarum strains stored at the collection of Latvia University of Agriculture. Three of them are included at international Rhizobium data base. The obtained results showed that all Rhizobium strains were active and inoculated plants formed nodules on the roots. Inoculation with Rhizobium strains increased the proportion between shoots and root weight. The dry matter content of inoculated plants increased in comparison with untreated ones. The negative correlation between the plant weight and nitrogen content in the dry mater of shoots was observed. The host plant specificity was observed for tested Rhizobium leguminosarum strains.

Genome-wide association mapping of provitamin A carotenoid content in cassava

Euphytica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Williams Esuma ◽  
Liezel Herselman ◽  
Maryke Tine Labuschagne ◽  
Punna Ramu ◽  
Fei Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Mapping ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Genome Wide

scholarly journals Some physiological changes in Waldsteinia trifolia (Roch.) leaves in different months of the year

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Renata Wojciechowska ◽  
Tadeusz Kobyłko ◽  
Anna Hostyńska
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
High Dry Matter

The study concerned an evergreen herbal plant <i>Waldsteinia trifolia</i> Roch. This species can be found more and more often in garden plantings in Poland. The aim of the study was to estimate the content of photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanins and dry matter as well as the permeability of cytoplasmatic membranes of <i>Waldsteinia</i> leaves. Plants grew in an ornamental plant collection at the premises of the Faculty of Horticulture of the Agricultural University in Kraków. The study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 in the following months: March, May, June, September, October and November. The permeability of cytoplasmatic membranes was estimated based on electrolyte leakage from leaf discs at 20°C in relation to total electrolytes in the tissue after unfreezing. The first days with temperature drops down to around 0°C in autumn resulted in a decrease in chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid content, but significantly increased anthocyanin content. The ratio of chlorophyll a to b and the ratio of total chlorophylls to carotenoids did not change in particular months. In both years of study, similar changes in dry matter content of the <i>Waldsteinia</i> leaves were observed. Dry matter content significantly increased in June and November and decreased in May and October. In June and in autumn, after first slight frosts, an increase of electrolyte leakage from the leaf discs was observed. However, high dry matter content (40.3%) was accompanied by lower permeability of the cytoplasmatic membranes of the leaves after winter during March. These results have shown good adaptation of <i>Waldsteinia trifolia</i> plants to the climatic conditions in Poland.

scholarly journals Relationship among the carotenoid content, dry matter content and sensory attributes of sweet potato

2012 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Tomlins ◽  
Constance Owori ◽  
Aurelie Bechoff ◽  
Geoffrey Menya ◽  
Andrew Westby
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content

scholarly journals Portable Spectroscopy Calibration with Inexpensive and Simple Sampling Reference Alternatives for Dry Matter and Total Carotenoid Contents in Cassava Roots

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1714
Author(s):  
Wilfred Abincha ◽  
Ugochukwu N. Ikeogu ◽  
Robert Kawuki ◽  
Chiedozie Egesi ◽  
Ismail Rabbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content

The use of standard laboratory methods for trait evaluation is expensive and challenging, especially for low-resource breeding programs. For carotenoid assessment, rather than the standard HPLC method, these programs mostly rely on proxy approaches for quantitative total carotenoid content (TCC) assessment. To ensure data transferability and consistency, calibration models were developed using TCC iCheck and Chroma Meter proxy methods for the adoption of the alternative near-infrared phenotyping method in cassava. Calibration was developed for dry matter content (DMC) using a simple and inexpensive sampling procedure associated with the proxy TCC protocols. The partial least square (PLS) and random forest (RF) models were compared for the two traits, and the correlation (r) between the actual and predicted values in the training and validation (in bracket) sets of r = 0.85 (0.76) and r = 0.98 (0.82) with PLS and RF, respectively, for iCheck, and r = 0.99 (0.96) and r = 0.99 (0.96) with PLS and RF, respectively, for Chroma Meter, was obtained. The calibration result of r = 0.93 (0.83) and r = 0.99 (0.81) using PLS and RF, respectively, was obtained for DMC. This effort is valuable in carotenoids improvement and supports the ongoing effort in adopting portable spectrometers for rapid and cheap phenotyping in cassava.

scholarly journals Genome-wide association analysis reveals new insights into the genetic architecture of defensive, agro-morphological and quality-related traits in cassava

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Yusuf Rabbi ◽  
Siraj Ismail Kayondo ◽  
Guillaume Bauchet ◽  
Muyideen Yusuf ◽  
Cynthia Idhigu Aghogho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Disease ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

AbstractCassava (Manihot esculenta) is one of the most important starchy root crops in the tropics due to its adaptation to marginal environments. Genetic progress in this clonally propagated crop can be accelerated through the discovery of markers and candidate genes that could be used in cassava breeding programs. We carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a panel of 5,310 clones developed at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture - Nigeria. The population was genotyped at more than 100,000 SNP markers via genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Genomic regions underlying genetic variation for 14 traits classified broadly into four categories: biotic stress (cassava mosaic disease and cassava green mite severity); quality (dry matter content and carotenoid content) and plant agronomy (harvest index and plant type). We also included several agro-morphological traits related to leaves, stems and roots with high heritability. In total, 41 significant associations were uncovered. While some of the identified loci matched with those previously reported, we present additional association signals for the traits. We provide a catalogue of favourable alleles at the most significant SNP for each trait-locus combination and candidate genes occurring within the GWAS hits. These resources provide a foundation for the development of markers that could be used in cassava breeding programs and candidate genes for functional validation.

scholarly journals Comparison of the ability of fifteen onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars to accumulate nitrates

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Wojciechowska ◽  
Anna Kołton
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
The University

<p>The aim of a two-year study was to characterise selected <em>Allium cepa </em>L. genotypes with regard to their ability to accumulate nitrates in bulbs as well as to search for a possible relation between NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> concentration and dry matter content. Fifteen cultivars of edible onion, mostly of long-day genotype with different growing periods, bulb size and skin colour, were taken for the experiment. Seeds of particular cultivars were obtained from the following seed companies: Spójnia Nochowo (‘Labrador’, ‘Takstar F<sub>1</sub>’,‘Tęcza’, ‘Warna’, ‘Zorza’), Polan (‘Polanowska’, ‘Topolska’), PlantiCo Gołębiew (‘Alibaba’, ‘Efekt’, ‘Kristine’, ‘Niagara F<sub>1</sub>’),and PlantiCo Zielonki (‘Bila’, ‘Irka’, ‘Wenta’, ‘Zeta’). Plants produced from seedlings were grown in the experimental field of the University of Agriculture in Kraków. After crop harvesting and additional drying, nitrate and dry matter content in bulbs of all cultivars were measured.</p><p>The following cultivars: ‘Efekt’, ‘Labrador’ and red-skinned ‘Wenta’, were characterized by the lowest ability to accumulate NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> in bulbs. The highest nitrate content was noted in bulbs of ‘Takstar F<sub>1</sub>’ (a very early-season cultivar), followed by ‘Bila’ and ‘Tęcza’. A weak, yet statistically significant negative correlation between nitrate and dry matter content was observed. The highest dry matter content was determined in bulbs of white-skinned ‘Alibaba’, while the lowest – in brown-skinned ‘Labrador’.</p>

scholarly journals Combining Ability and Genetic Components of Yield Characteristics, Dry Matter Content, and Total Carotenoids in Provitamin A Cassava F1 Cross-Progeny

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1850
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Parkes ◽  
Olufemi Aina ◽  
Akuwa Kingsley ◽  
Peter Iluebbey ◽  
Moshood Bakare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Fresh Root

Cassava is an important root crop in sub-Saharan Africa, largely cultivated for its starchy edible roots. Biofortified cassava varieties with enhanced provitamin A carotenoid content (PVAC) developed through conventional breeding provide a solution for vitamin A deficiency among vulnerable communities. The aim of this study was to use diallel analysis of six provitamin A cassava genotypes to determine the combining ability, genetic components, heritability, and heterosis of the most important yield characteristics and total carotenoids. Genetic variability for measured characteristics were evident. Fresh root yield was mainly determined by non-additive genetic effects, while dry matter content and total carotenoids were determined by additive effects. Total carotenoids were negatively correlated with fresh root yield, indicating that selection for higher provitamin A content could reduce yield. Mid and higher parent heterosis was seen in some of the crosses for fresh root yield, dry matter content, and total carotenoids. Narrow sense heritability was moderate for fresh root yield and dry matter content, and was high for total carotenoids. This study indicated that yield and dry matter content can be improved in provitamin A cassava but that increased provitamin A content may carry a yield penalty.

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