scholarly journals Portable Spectroscopy Calibration with Inexpensive and Simple Sampling Reference Alternatives for Dry Matter and Total Carotenoid Contents in Cassava Roots

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1714
Author(s):  
Wilfred Abincha ◽  
Ugochukwu N. Ikeogu ◽  
Robert Kawuki ◽  
Chiedozie Egesi ◽  
Ismail Rabbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content

The use of standard laboratory methods for trait evaluation is expensive and challenging, especially for low-resource breeding programs. For carotenoid assessment, rather than the standard HPLC method, these programs mostly rely on proxy approaches for quantitative total carotenoid content (TCC) assessment. To ensure data transferability and consistency, calibration models were developed using TCC iCheck and Chroma Meter proxy methods for the adoption of the alternative near-infrared phenotyping method in cassava. Calibration was developed for dry matter content (DMC) using a simple and inexpensive sampling procedure associated with the proxy TCC protocols. The partial least square (PLS) and random forest (RF) models were compared for the two traits, and the correlation (r) between the actual and predicted values in the training and validation (in bracket) sets of r = 0.85 (0.76) and r = 0.98 (0.82) with PLS and RF, respectively, for iCheck, and r = 0.99 (0.96) and r = 0.99 (0.96) with PLS and RF, respectively, for Chroma Meter, was obtained. The calibration result of r = 0.93 (0.83) and r = 0.99 (0.81) using PLS and RF, respectively, was obtained for DMC. This effort is valuable in carotenoids improvement and supports the ongoing effort in adopting portable spectrometers for rapid and cheap phenotyping in cassava.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Yield and Quality Characteristics in Provitamin A Hybrid Cassava Families in Ghana

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1911
Author(s):  
Bright Boakye Peprah ◽  
Elizabeth Yaa Parkes ◽  
Peter Kulakow ◽  
Angeline van van Biljon ◽  
Maryke Tine Labuschagne
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Disease ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Large Numbers

Cassava is the most widely cultivated and consumed crop in Ghana. Malnutrition is endemic in cassava-producing regions of Africa, partly due to the low micronutrient content of this crop. The aim of this study was to generate genetic information on characteristics such as total carotenoid content, dry matter content, root weight and number, and cassava mosaic disease (CMD), and their possible combination in cassava clones, using a North Carolina II breeding scheme. Five genetically diverse yellow-fleshed clones at advanced selection stages, with CMD resistance, were used as females and two high dry matter content white-fleshed clones, selected from farmers’ fields in Ghana, were used as males. Ten F1 families were generated, and evaluated at two locations in Ghana. General combining ability (GCA) mean squares were larger than specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares for harvest index, CMD, and carotenoid content, indicating additive genetic effects. The positive significant correlations that were observed between pulp color and carotenoid content; carotenoid content and CMD; pulp color and CMD; and pulp color and cortex color, make the screening of large numbers of progenies possible in the cassava breeding program. This could allow breeders to combine carotenoid content and CMD at the early breeding stages through visual assessment of pulp color and CMD symptoms. Large numbers of genotypes can be evaluated and a few can be selected to be quantified for carotenoid content at later stages of the breeding program, to save costs. One of the parents (P6), showed positive GCA effects for carotenoid content, dry matter content, CMD and storage root weight, hence could be used as a parent to generate clones that combine carotenoid content and dry matter content.

Application of near Infrared Transmission Spectroscopy for the Determination of Some Quality Parameters of Apples

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lovász ◽  
P. Merész ◽  
A. Salgó
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Infrared Transmission ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Titratable Acid ◽  
Transmission Spectroscopy ◽  
Relative Standard

The acceptability of near infrared (NIR) transmission spectroscopy for the prediction of six quality factors of apples (firmness, refractive index, pH, titratable acid, dry matter and alcohol insoluble solids content) was investigated. The effects of storage conditions, cultivars and season on the accuracy of the NIR transmission method were also studied during the experiment. The accuracy of the calibration of all investigated parameters decreased during storage. The alteration of the characteristics of the spectra is possibly due to changes in the chemical composition and structure of apples between September and April. The calibration method was improved by developing a separate calibration for each cultivar per year. The calibrations of the different parameters are season-dependent except for the dry matter content. Using outlier diagnostics, the prediction accuracy can be generally improved by about 10%. The coefficient of variation for each parameter is compatible with the relative standard deviation for the reference methods except for the titratable acid content, showing the applicability of NIR transmission techniques. A relationship seems to exist between the maturity and the NIR transmission spectra of the apple.

scholarly journals Near-infrared Spectroscopy for Rapid Estimation of Dry Matter Content in Whole Unpeeled Potato Tubers

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trygve Helgerud ◽  
Vegard H. Segtnan ◽  
Jens P. Wold ◽  
Simon Ballance ◽  
Svein H. Knutsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
External Reference ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Processed Potatoes

<p>The dry matter is one of the main quality parameters of raw and processed potatoes. In the present study, the potential of utilizing high throughput commercially available NIR interactance systems for dry matter determination in whole unpeeled potato tubers is investigated. The performance of a 2D NIR interactance instrument was compared with that of a 1D NIR interactance instrument and a traditional underwater weight apparatus. A total of 114 tubers were assessed individually with both of the NIR instruments (760-1040 nm), the underwater weight and an external reference method (freeze drying). The 1D interactance instrument obtained better prediction results than what the 2D instrument could achieve (R<sup>2</sup>=0.95, RMSECV=0.91, and R<sup>2</sup>=0.83, RMSECV=1.65, respectively). The underwater weight obtained the highest explained variance (R<sup>2</sup>=0.97), but the estimation was biased by approximately 1.5% (by weight). The poorer prediction performance of the 2D NIR interactance system can be partly explained by the lower penetration depths of the light compared to the 1D NIR interactance systems.</p>

scholarly journals Genome-wide association mapping of correlated traits in cassava: dry matter and total carotenoid content

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Y. Rabbi ◽  
Lovina I. Udoh ◽  
Marnin Wolfe ◽  
Elizabeth Y. Parkes ◽  
Melaku A. Gedil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Mapping ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Tropics

ABSTRACTCassava (Manihot esculenta (L.) Crantz) is a starchy root crop cultivated in the tropics for fresh consumption and commercial processing. Dry matter content and micronutrient density, particularly of provitamin A – traits that are negatively correlated – are among the primary selection objectives in cassava breeding. This study aimed at identifying genetic markers associated with these traits and uncovering the potential underlying cause of their negative correlation – whether linkage and/or pleiotropy. A genome-wide association mapping using 672 clones genotyped at 72,279 SNP loci was carried out. Root yellowness was used indirectly to assess variation in carotenoid content. Two major loci for root yellowness was identified on chromosome 1 at positions 24.1 and 30.5 Mbp. A single locus for dry matter content that co-located with the 24.1 Mbp peak for carotenoid content was identified. Haplotypes at these loci explained a large proportion of the phenotypic variability. Evidence of mega-base-scale linkage disequilibrium around the major loci of the two traits and detection of the major dry matter locus in independent analysis for the white- and yellow-root subpopulations suggests that physical linkage rather that pleiotropy is more likely to be the cause of the negative correlation between the target traits. Moreover, candidate genes for carotenoid (phytoene synthase) and starch biosynthesis (UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and sucrose synthase) occurred in the vicinity of the identified locus at 24.1 Mbp. These findings elucidate on the genetic architecture of carotenoids and dry matter in cassava and provides an opportunity to accelerate genetic improvement of these traits.CORE IDEASCassava, a starchy root crop, is a major source of dietary calories in the tropics.Most varieties consumed are poor in micronutrients, including pro-vitamin A.These two traits are governed by few major loci on chromosome one.Genetic linkage, rather than pleiotropy, is the most likely cause of their negative correlation.

scholarly journals Quality characterization, phenolic and carotenoid content of new orange, cream and yellow-fleshed sweetpotato genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Lucimeire Pilon ◽  
Jaqueline S Guedes ◽  
Bruna S Bitencourt ◽  
Raphael Augusto de C Melo ◽  
Larissa PC Vendrame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Β Carotene

ABSTRACT Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) is a root crop grown in many countries. This tuberous root is a source of energy, nutrients, and phytochemicals. In this study, bioactive compounds and physical and physicochemical qualities of sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated. Eight new genotypes of sweetpotato produced by Embrapa Hortaliças (orange-fleshed: MD09026-OF and MD09024-OF; cream-fleshed: MD09011-CF, MD09004-CF, MD10039-CF, and MD10004-CF; yellow-fleshed: MD09017-YF and MD12002-YF) and two cultivars used as controls (Beauregard and Brazlândia Roxa) were evaluated for color, soluble solids, dry matter, phenolic compounds, total carotenoids and β-carotene. Hue angles differed even between those sweetpotatoes with the same flesh color. The orange-fleshed genotypes MD09024-OF, MD09026-OF, and Beauregard, had the lowest L*, showing to be darker than the others. These sweetpotatoes also had the brightest flesh colors with higher C*. The orange-fleshed genotypes MD09026-OF and MD09024-OF were sweeter (10.55oBrix and 9.23oBrix) than Beauregard (5.12oBrix). Brazlândia Roxa had the highest dry matter content (38.05%), followed by the genotypes MD10004-CF, MD09017-YF, MD09026-OF MD10039-CF, and MD09011-CF, which showed similarity, ranging from 32.33% to 29.12%. The highest contents of total carotenoids were found for the orange-fleshed genotypes MD09026-OF (80.06 mg g-1) and MD09024-OF (70.56 mg g-1) and Beauregard (73.12 mg g-1). These same genotypes showed the highest total phenolic compounds (0.815 mg g-1 and 0.686 mg g-1, respectively). MD09026-OF showed the highest content of β-carotene (46.47 mg g-1). MD09026-OF was the most prominent genotype among those evaluated, as it showed the highest total carotenoid, β-carotene, phenolic compounds, and soluble solids content, in addition to a high dry matter content.

scholarly journals Cold storage of ‘Palmer’ mangoes sorted based on dry matter content using portable near infrared (VIS-NIR) spectrometer

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. e13644 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paixão dos Santos Neto ◽  
Gustavo Walace Pacheco Leite ◽  
Gabriele da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Luís Carlos Cunha Júnior ◽  
Priscila Lupino Gratão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content

scholarly journals Rapid analyses of dry matter content and carotenoids in fresh cassava roots using a portable visible and near infrared spectrometer (Vis/NIRS)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. e0188918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugochukwu N. Ikeogu ◽  
Fabrice Davrieux ◽  
Dominique Dufour ◽  
Hernan Ceballos ◽  
Chiedozie N. Egesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Near Infrared Spectrometer

scholarly journals Phenotypic diversity and selection in biofortified cassava germplasm for yield and quality root traits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravena Rocha Bessa Carvalho ◽  
Massaine Bandeira e Sousa ◽  
Luciana Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Eder Jorge Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Root Quality

Abstract Increasing carotenoid content and improving other root quality traits has been the focus of cassava biofortification. This study aimed to i) evaluate the genetic variability for total carotenoid content (TCC), as well as for root yield and root quality attributes; ii) estimate potentially useful correlations for selection; and iii) select parents for breeding and estimate the genetic gain. Data from 2011 to 2020 of 265 cassava genotypes with cream and yellow roots were analyzed for dry matter content (DMC), shoot yield, fresh root yield (FRY), dry root yield (DRY), harvest index, average number of roots per plant, starch content, root pulp color, cyanogenic compounds, and TCC. The best linear unbiased predictions showed great phenotypic variation for all traits. Six distinct groups were formed for productive characteristics of root quality, mainly TCC, DMC and FRY. Only TCC showed high broad-sense heritability (\({h}^{2}\)= 0.72), while the other traits had low to medium magnitude (0.21 ≤ \({h}^{2}\) ≤ 0.60). TCC was strongly correlated with pulp color (r = 0.70), but null significance for DMC. The network analysis identified a clear separation between the agronomic and quality attributes of cassava roots. The selection of the 30 genotypes for recombination in the breeding program has the potential to raise TCC by 37.1% and reduce the cyanogenic compounds content by 19.4%, in addition to increasing FRY and DRY by 37.7% and 40.2%, respectively. This is the first consolidated study on the potential of germplasm for the development biofortified cassava varieties in Brazil.

Near-infrared spectroscopy on combine harvesters to measure maize grain dry matter content and quality parameters

2006 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Montes ◽  
H. F. Utz ◽  
W. Schipprack ◽  
B. Kusterer ◽  
J. Muminovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Combine Harvesters

Use of Visible-Near Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy to Discriminate between Kiwifruit with Properties Altered by Preharvest Treatments

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair D. Mowat ◽  
Philip R. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Treatment Groups

Visible-near infrared (NIR) spectra of kiwifruit berries were processed by discriminant analysis techniques to differentiate berries treated during on-vine development. Treatments applied were leaf removal or shading berries with aluminium foil through crop development, or dipping the berries in ethephon two weeks prior to harvest. In order to accentuate the treatment effects, the canes used for individual treatments were cinctured to cut the phloem layer near the central cordon. Diffuse reflectance visible-NIR spectra were measured for all berries at harvest and after storing at 0°C for 16 weeks, and in sound ripened berries, for which the mass, skin colour, soluble solids and dry matter content were also determined. Principal components (PCs) were calculated for the 550–990 nm region of the visible-NIR absorption spectra for 500 berries randomly selected from all treatments. Canonical variate analyses of the PC were used to distinguish the berries from the original treatment groups. At harvest and after storage, discriminant algorithms, based on training spectra, were applied to validation spectra sets and correctly classified 99% and 87% of the berries, respectively, by their on-vine treatment. In the sound ripened berries, discrimination based on the visible-NIR data was superior to that achieved using combinations of mass, skin colour, dry matter and soluble solids.

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