scholarly journals Bird interactions with drones, from individuals to large colonies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell Lyons ◽  
Kate Brandis ◽  
Corey Callaghan ◽  
Justin McCann ◽  
Charlotte Mills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Bird Monitoring ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Bird Colonies

AbstractDrones are rapidly becoming a key part of the toolkit for a range of scientific disciplines, as well as a range of management and commercial applications. This presents a number of challenges in context of how drone use might impact nearby wildlife. Interactions between birds and drones naturally come to mind, since they share the airspace. This paper details initial findings on the interactions between drones and birds for a range of waterbird, passerine and raptor species, across of a range of scientific applications and natural environments. The primary aims of this paper are to provide guidance for those planning or undertaking drone monitoring exercises, as well as provide direction for future research into safe and effective monitoring with drones. Our study sites we all located within Australia and spanned a range of arid, semi-arid, dunefield, floodplain, wetland, woodland, forest, coastal heath and urban environments. We particularly focus on behavioral changes towards drones during breeding season, interactions with raptors, and effects on nesting birds in large colonies – three areas yet to be explored in published literature. In over 70 hours of flight, there were no incidents with birds. Although some aggressive behavior was encountered from solitary breeding birds. Several large breeding bird colonies were surveyed, and included in our observations is monitoring and counting of nests in a colony of over 200,000 Straw-necked Ibis, the largest drone-based bird monitoring exercise to date. In addition to providing observations of interactions with specific bird species, we recommend procedures for flight planning, safe flying and avoidance. This paper also provides a basis for a number of critical and emerging areas of research into bird-drone interactions, most notably, territorial breeding birds, safety around large raptors, and the effect of drones on the behaviour of birds in large breeding colonies.

scholarly journals Aspergillosis, Avian Species and the One Health Perspective: The Possible Importance of Birds in Azole Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2037
Author(s):  
Aryse Martins Melo ◽  
David A. Stevens ◽  
Lisa A. Tell ◽  
Cristina Veríssimo ◽  
Raquel Sabino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Azole Resistance ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The One

The One Health context considers health based on three pillars: humans, animals, and environment. This approach is a strong ally in the surveillance of infectious diseases and in the development of prevention strategies. Aspergillus spp. are fungi that fit substantially in this context, in view of their ubiquity, as well as their importance as plant pathogens, and potentially fatal pathogens for, particularly, humans and avian species. In addition, the emergence of azole resistance, mainly in Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto, and the proven role of fungicides widely used on crops, reinforces the need for a multidisciplinary approach to this problem. Avian species are involved in short and long distance travel between different types of landscapes, such as agricultural fields, natural environments and urban environments. Thus, birds can play an important role in the dispersion of Aspergillus, and of special concern, azole-resistant strains. In addition, some bird species are particularly susceptible to aspergillosis. Therefore, avian aspergillosis could be considered as an environmental health indicator. In this review, aspergillosis in humans and birds will be discussed, with focus on the presence of Aspergillus in the environment. We will relate these issues with the emergence of azole resistance on Aspergillus. These topics will be therefore considered and reviewed from the “One Health” perspective.

КОМПЛЕКСНА ОЦІНКА ДИНАМІКИ ЧИСЕЛЬНОСТІ УГРУПОВАНЬ КОЛОНІАЛЬНИХ НАВКОЛОВОДНИХ ПТАХІВ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ДЕЯКИХ ОСТРОВІВ СИВАШУ)

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
О. V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Extinction Rate ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Number Dynamics ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

<p>The problem of the mathematical analysis of the number dynamics of the nesting waterbirds for the islands of the south of Ukraine is examined. The algorithm of the evaluation of changes in the number of island birds is proposed. Data of the long-term monitoring of the number of birds were analyzed according to this algorithm. The necessity of the implementation of the statistical indices together with the graphic representation of island birds’ turnover is proved. The trends of population dynamics are determined for the key species. The discussed procedure of the complex evaluation is proposed for the management planning of the island bird species and their habitats.</p> <p>The performed analysis of the number dynamics of the key-stone breeding island birds showed that, with the exception of little tern, the population status and the prognosis of number are sufficiently favorable.  From the data of long-term monitoring we came up with the conclusion about the existence of island habitats with carrying capacity to maintain the additional number of breeding birds. In the case of unfavorable conditions like strengthening of anthropogenic press, concurrent interrelations, deficiency of feed resources or drastic reduction of breeding biotopes, the birds due to turnover are capable to successfully react even without reducing their number and breeding success. The extinction rate of the breeding bird species from the island sites directly correlates with the number of breeding species. For the species with equal abundance, the extinction probability is higher for birds, whose numbers are unstable and characterized by significant fluctuations. This testifies the urgency of the constant monitoring and analysis of the number dynamics of breeding bird species in region.</p> <p>The suggested procedure of analysis is recommended for drawing up of management plans and performing of prognoses of number of breeding island bird species. More detail analysis with use of quantitative data on breeding birds will be the next step of the study of the island birds’ turnover. The results of the analysis of population dynamics assist to count the minimal population size for the colonization of new islands and stable existence of bird communities.  Detailed analysis will allow to estimate the effect of competition on population and to determine the competitive variability inside and between the species breeding on islands.</p> <p><em>Key words: Ukraine, colonial waterbirds, islands, dynamics of number, analysis</em></p> <p> </p>

scholarly journals Die Entwicklung der Brutvögel in der Waldbrandfläche bei Leuk

2018 ◽  
Vol 169 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-307
Author(s):  
Livio Rey ◽  
Alain Jacot
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Priority Species ◽  
Species Specific

Temporal changes of the breeding bird community in the burnt forest of Leuk Wildfires and windstorms are dynamic processes that can heavily impact habitats and alter their species compositions. Especially species of open and semi-open habitats can benefit from such disturbances, among them several bird species. In this study, we investigated the species-specific changes of the breeding bird community in the burnt forest of Leuk between 2006 and 2016, starting three years after the wildfire of 2003. Several species increased or decreased significantly in abundance after the fire event. A few species showed a complex reaction, where territory numbers increased after the fire, reaching a maximum after a few years and subsequently decreased. Interestingly, many of these bird species (e.g., Eurasian Wryneck, Common Redstart) are threatened and are priority species for conservation action. They may have benefitted from the first, open successional stages with a high proportion of bare ground, but are expected to decrease in abundance with the ongoing densification of the vegetation layers. Our study demonstrates that a large-scale forest fire can promote threatened bird species of open and semi-open habitats also in temperate regions. To what extent forestry measures, grazing or controlled fires can imitate the positive effects of wildfires is an open question and should be part of future research in the combined fields of forestry and conservation biology.

scholarly journals GTNP Breeding Bird Monitoring Project 2001 Season

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
M. Cody
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Area 5 ◽  
Bird Monitoring ◽  
Jackson Hole ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Land Bird ◽  
Independent Work

Overview: GTNP Breeding Bird Monitoring Project: 1. Following initial independent work by M. L. Cody and by funding from NPS, we instigated a scheme for long-term monitoring of breeding land bird populations in a wide variety of habitats representative of the northern Rockies and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). Census sites are located almost entirely within Grand Teton National Park, where a broad range of representative vegetation types is accessible within close geographic proximity. 2. 30 monitoring sites are established within and adjacent to the park in pristine habitat. Sites range from the Jackson Hole lowlands to subalpine and alpine sites, from meadow, sagebrush and marshland, through willow scrub, cottonwood and aspen woodlands, to lodgepole pine and spruce-fir forests. Some sites have a monitoring history of >30y; others were established in the mid-1990's. 3. The location and accessibility of the study sites permits all to be regularly and repeatedly censused during the short (6-week) breeding season. Census sites are standardized in area ( 5- 10 ha in size) and mapped in detail (topographic features, vegetation). Census schedules, timing, and methodological protocols are established, and allow for controlled inter-site and inter-year comparisons in breeding bird populations, species composition, and densities.

scholarly journals Snow Meltout Dates and Breeding Density in Brewer's Sparrows (Spizella Breweri)

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Martin Cody
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Breeding Density ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Bird Monitoring ◽  
Fixed Area ◽  
Spizella Breweri

We have conducted a breeding bird monitoring program in GTNP since the early 1990s, utilizing fixed-area census sites of around 5 ha in size. The sites are located throughout the park in all habitat types and elevations, and number 30 in all. Some have been censused each year in June, at the height of the breeding season, others have been censused repeatedly but more sporadically, and others less frequently. the power of these census data to interpret variation in bird species, composition and breeding densities, species to species, site to site and especially year to year, clearly increases with the longevity of the data set. With the data from some sites now covering 18 successive years (1991-2008), it is possible to attempt some interpretation of the bird species variables. One such is reported here. The influence of snow meltout date on breeding density of a common species of the sagebrush flats, Brewer's Sparrow Spizella breweri.

scholarly journals Breeding birds in the Narta Lagoon (SW Albania) in 2016

Acrocephalus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (176-177) ◽  
pp. 7-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Mladenov ◽  
Ralitsa Georgieva ◽  
Mihail Iliev ◽  
Yana Barzova ◽  
Sylvia Djulgerova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Charadrius Alexandrinus ◽  
Bird Fauna ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Common Shelduck ◽  
Kentish Plover

Abstract The Narta Lagoon (59 km2) is one of the largest and most important coastal wetlands for migratory and wintering waterbirds in Albania. However, the breeding bird fauna of the site is still poorly studied. The current work aims to broaden the knowledge on the list of breeding bird species, their numbers, distribution and threats in the zone (with a focus on waterbirds). Relevant information for spring migrants is also provided. The survey consisted of two field visits in April and May 2016. The entire wetland area was covered and all its habitats were visited. In total, 136 bird species were observed. The total number of breeding birds was estimated at 6,400 pairs of 85 species. The most abundant breeders were the Little Tern Sternula albifrons with 377 breeding pairs (bp), Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta with 121 bp, and Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus with 96 bp. In total, 3,461 individuals belonging to 80 species were recorded as non-breeders. At the species level, the most numerous were Kentish Plover with 1,100 individuals (ind.), Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis with 600 ind., Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus with 321 ind., Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna with 130 ind., Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus with 120 ind. and Dunlin Calidris alpina with 100 ind. Breeding birds assemblages within the main studied habitats (salinas, lagoon, pine forests, mixed farmland, rocky hills with olive trees, and grasslands with bushes near the coast) and threats (the most significant of which were illegal shooting, trapping and dangerous power grid) are also described. Recommendations for future bird-friendly management, appropriate conservation activities and eco-tourism in the area are made.

scholarly journals Grand Teton National Park Breeding Bird Monitoring Project

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Martin Cody
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Area 5 ◽  
Bird Monitoring ◽  
Jackson Hole ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Land Bird ◽  
Independent Work

Overview: GTNP Breeding Bird Monitoring Project. 1. Following initial independent work by M. L. Cody and 3y funding from NPS, we instigated a scheme for long-term monitoring of breeding land bird populations in a wide variety of habitats representative of the northern Rockies and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). Census sites are located almost entirely within Grand Teton National Park, where a broad range of representative vegetation types is accessible within close geographic proximity. 2. 30 monitoring sites are established within and adjacent to the park in pristine habitat. Sites range from the Jackson Hole lowlands to subalpine and alpine sites, from meadow, sagebrush and marshland, through willow scrub, cottonwood and aspen woodlands, to lodgepole pine and spruce-fir forests. Some sites have a monitoring history of >30 y; others were established in the mid-1990's. 3. The location and accessibility of the study sites permits all to be regularly and repeatedly censused during the short (6-week) breeding season. Census sites are standardized in area (5-10 ha in size) and mapped in detail (topographic features, vegetation). Census schedules, timing, and methodological protocols are established, and allow for controlled inter-site and inter-year comparisons in breeding bird populations, species composition, and densities.

scholarly journals Population density and structure of a breeding bird community in a suburban habitat in the Cuvelai drainage system, northern Namibia

2021 ◽  
pp. 313-320
Author(s):  
G. Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Shannon’S Diversity Index

In a suburb (c. 100 ha) of Ongwediva, a total of 30 breeding bird species were recorded in 2018. Shannon’s Diversity Index was 2.01. Passer domesticus comprised almost half of all breeding pairs (36.4 pairs / 10 ha). Granivores were by far the most numerous feeding guild, comprising 77.5 % of all birds breeding. Birds nesting on/in buildings were represented by two species only, but they comprised almost half (49.9 %) of all breeding birds. In comparison with other southern African towns, the number of bird species breeding in Ongwediva was low. This was compensated by high population densities of some species.

scholarly journals The GTNP Breeding Bird Monitoring Project: Covariation Among Sites in Breeding Densities

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
M. Cody
Keyword(s):  
Early Summer ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
High Density ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bird Monitoring ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
And Migration ◽  
One Year

The breeding densities of migrant birds are subject to a wide range of influences that may cause their variation, within a site from one year to another, within years but among habitats and sites from one location to another, and also among species with different migration strategies in terms of travel distances and wintering habitats. First measuring, and then understanding, this variation and its drivers is a substantial challenge for breeding bird monitors and population ecologists. Variation in breeding bird densities in Grand Teton National Park have been monitored since the early 1990's, following protocols instigated by M. Cody & S. Cain (1995 NPS Report). Of the thirty monitoring sites established by this report, one half to two-thirds have been censused yearly up to the present time, and a subset of the sites has been monitored yearly without discontinuities. Thus for many sites there is a census history of a decade or more, forming a data base that now approaches statistical adequacy for testing hypotheses about patterns of variation in breeding bird densities.This report presents preliminary data on the covariation of breeding densities, within and between species, over the various monitoring sites. Given that many of the breeding birds leave GTNP in the non­breeding season and overwinter elsewhere, early summer GTNP breeding densities are likely a consequence both of off-site conditions (winter survival and migration success) and on-site resources in the breeding habitat, likely in part weather-related. We ask questions such as: a) are there years when breeding densities are substantially higher than in other years? Are high-density years typical of many migrant species simultaneously, or do they occur independently over time among species? For a given species in a high-density year, are all breeding/monitoring sites occupied at higher density, with positive correlations among sites, or are some sites negatively correlated? Is the range of sites occupied by breeding birds greater in years when densities reach higher values in the most favored sites?

scholarly journals GTNP Breeding Bird Monitoring Project: The 1999 Season

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
M. Cody
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
National Park ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Bird Monitoring ◽  
Jackson Hole ◽  
Northern Rockies ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Land Bird

Overview: GTNP Breeding Bird Monitoring Project. 1. Following initial independent work by M. L. Cody and 3y funding from NPS, we have instigated a scheme for long-term monitoring of breeding land bird populations in a wide variety of habitats representative of the northern Rockies and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). Census sites are located almost entirely within Grand Teton National Park, where a broad range of representative vegetation types is accessible within close geographic proximity. 2. Some 30 monitoring sites are established within and adjacent to the park in pristine habitat. Sites range from the Jackson Hole lowlands to subalpine and alpine sites, from meadow, sagebrush and marshland, through willow scrub, cottonwood and aspen woodlands, to lodgepole pine and spruce-fir forests. Some sites have a monitoring history of > 30 y; others were established in the mid-1990's. 3. The location and accessibility of the study sites permits all to be regularly and repeatedly censused during the short (6-week) breeding season. Census sites are standardized in area (5-10 ha in size) and mapped in detail (topographic features, vegetation). Census schedules, turung, and methodological protocols will be established and maintained, providing for strictly controlled inter-site and inter-year comparisons in breeding bird populations, species composition, and densities. 4. To evaluate the local versus more regional nature of inter-year variation in bird densities, one widespread habitat (willows) is replicated and censused at locations outside GTNP, in the northern Rockies (Glacier National Park) and central Rockies (Rocky Mountain National Park). 5. The project entails only modest costs (e.g. for transportation), but the projected benefits to science, specifically to resource management, will continue to accumulate as the data base is expanded in future years. As no comparable data base or monitoring scheme exists for the region, the value of the GTNP is apparent, and ensuring its continuance is of critical importance.

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