scholarly journals Modelling and Interpreting Network Dynamics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit N. Khambhati ◽  
Ann E. Sizemore ◽  
Richard F. Betzel ◽  
Danielle S. Bassett
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Dynamic Graph ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Dynamic Patterns ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Interconnected Structure

Recent advances in brain imaging techniques, measurement approaches, and storage capacities have provided an unprecedented supply of high temporal resolution neural data. These data present a remarkable opportunity to gain a mechanistic understanding not just of circuit structure, but also of circuit dynamics, and its role in cognition and disease. Such understanding necessitates a description of the raw observations, and a delineation of computational models and mathematical theories that accurately capture fundamental principles behind the observations. Here we review recent advances in a range of modeling approaches that embrace the temporally-evolving interconnected structure of the brain and summarize that structure in a dynamic graph. We describe recent efforts to model dynamic patterns of connectivity, dynamic patterns of activity, and patterns of activity atop connectivity. In the context of these models, we review important considerations in statistical testing, including parametric and non-parametric approaches. Finally, we offer thoughts on careful and accurate interpretation of dynamic graph architecture, and outline important future directions for method development.

Recent advances in the rational design of 2D MXenes in energy conversion and storage systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayab Sheikh ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Tahir ◽  
Nisar Fatima ◽  
Muhammad Sagir ◽  
Muhammad Pervaiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Energy Conversion And Storage ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Magnetoencephalography in the Detection and Characterization of Brain Abnormalities Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Geoffrey W. Peitz ◽  
Elisabeth A. Wilde ◽  
Ramesh Grandhi
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Original Research ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Clinical Role

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a functional brain imaging technique with high temporal resolution compared with techniques that rely on metabolic coupling. MEG has an important role in traumatic brain injury (TBI) research, especially in mild TBI, which may not have detectable features in conventional, anatomical imaging techniques. This review addresses the original research articles to date that have reported on the use of MEG in TBI. Specifically, the included studies have demonstrated the utility of MEG in the detection of TBI, characterization of brain connectivity abnormalities associated with TBI, correlation of brain signals with post-concussive symptoms, differentiation of TBI from post-traumatic stress disorder, and monitoring the response to TBI treatments. Although presently the utility of MEG is mostly limited to research in TBI, a clinical role for MEG in TBI may become evident with further investigation.

scholarly journals EDITORIAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. C. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Surface Science ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Policy Science ◽  
Thermal Engineering ◽  
Energy Conversion And Storage ◽  
And Storage

The editorial of Engenharia Térmica of this issue continues the discussion on scientific research needs in vital areas in which thermal engineering has important participation. The main goal is to motivate the readers, within their specialties, to identify possible subjects for their future research.In the beginning of the 21st century the international scientific community pointed out that there was a need for increased push towards alternative energy technologies to replace fossil and nuclear sources in the near future, in order to determine what is scientifically possible, environmentally acceptable and technologically promising. Also, the scientists recalled that policy, science and technology need to work together harmoniously, which are responsible for acceptability, possibility and practicability, respectively. A great amount of diversity with the exploration of innovative nanomaterials and their hybrid assemblies for energy conversion and storage have been seen in energy research. Advances in time-resolved spectroscopy, surface science, imaging techniques, and various in situ and operando characterization techniques are providing new insights into energy conversion and storage processes. The same challenges continue to be up-to-date as discussed by the scientific community recently, showing that technically and economically viable renewable energy generation and storage are major hurdles to be overcome. For that, some research areas that need to be pursued in the energy field were listed: energy materials; electrochemical energy conversion and energy storage; solar cells; solar fuels; LED and display devices, and last but not least theory and computational modeling. Such areas represent a few potential opportunities, which in the opinion of Engenharia Térmica have the potential for important scientific advances.The mission of Engenharia Térmica is to document the scientific progress in areas related to thermal engineering (e.g., energy, oil and renewable fuels). We are confident that we will continue to receive articles’ submissions that contribute to the progress of science.

Amnesic syndromes

2012 ◽  
pp. 403-411
Author(s):  
Michael D. Kopelman
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Memory Disorder ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Neuro Imaging ◽  
Underlying Pathology

Systematic clinical descriptions of amnesic disorders and their underlying pathology have become more detailed and rigorous over the years. In particular, recent advances in neuro-imaging (structural, metabolic, and activation) have provided the opportunity to relate particular cognitive abnormalities to specific changes in brain function. The use of pharmacological agents, in parallel with such imaging techniques, may promote the development of pharmacological agents more potent than the meagre array that we have at present for the treatment of severe memory disorder.

scholarly journals Plant behaviour in response to the environment: information processing in the solid state

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1774) ◽  
pp. 20180370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salva Duran-Nebreda ◽  
George W. Bassel
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Cognitive Architectures ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
Biological Information Processing ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Plant Behaviour

Information processing and storage underpins many biological processes of vital importance to organism survival. Like animals, plants also acquire, store and process environmental information relevant to their fitness, and this is particularly evident in their decision-making. The control of plant organ growth and timing of their developmental transitions are carefully orchestrated by the collective action of many connected computing agents, the cells, in what could be addressed as distributed computation. Here, we discuss some examples of biological information processing in plants, with special interest in the connection to formal computational models drawn from theoretical frameworks. Research into biological processes with a computational perspective may yield new insights and provide a general framework for information processing across different substrates.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Liquid brains, solid brains: How distributed cognitive architectures process information’.

Ultrasound-Guided Spine Interventions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gofeld ◽  
Rami A. Kamel
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Sacroiliac Joints ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Interventional Techniques ◽  
Recent Advances

This chapter reviews recent advances in ultrasound-guided spine procedures. The evidence-based foundation of these methods is examined and ultrasonography is compared with other imaging techniques. The equipment is briefly described. Ultrasound-guided interventional techniques published in peer-reviewed literature are discussed, with selected techniques described in detail. These techniques are classified regionally beginning with the cervical spine and ending with the sacroiliac joints.

scholarly journals Emerging imaging methods to study whole-brain function in rodent models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Markicevic ◽  
Iurii Savvateev ◽  
Christina Grimm ◽  
Valerio Zerbi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Imaging Methods ◽  
Evoked Activity

AbstractIn the past decade, the idea that single populations of neurons support cognition and behavior has gradually given way to the realization that connectivity matters and that complex behavior results from interactions between remote yet anatomically connected areas that form specialized networks. In parallel, innovation in brain imaging techniques has led to the availability of a broad set of imaging tools to characterize the functional organization of complex networks. However, each of these tools poses significant technical challenges and faces limitations, which require careful consideration of their underlying anatomical, physiological, and physical specificity. In this review, we focus on emerging methods for measuring spontaneous or evoked activity in the brain. We discuss methods that can measure large-scale brain activity (directly or indirectly) with a relatively high temporal resolution, from milliseconds to seconds. We further focus on methods designed for studying the mammalian brain in preclinical models, specifically in mice and rats. This field has seen a great deal of innovation in recent years, facilitated by concomitant innovation in gene-editing techniques and the possibility of more invasive recordings. This review aims to give an overview of currently available preclinical imaging methods and an outlook on future developments. This information is suitable for educational purposes and for assisting scientists in choosing the appropriate method for their own research question.

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